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A Hybrid Adaptive Filter for Head Tracking in Augmented Reality (AR)-based Flight Simulators

IEEE Transactions on computers 2025年

作者： Nwobodo, Onyeka J. Kuaban, Godlove Suila Nkemeni, Valery Wereszczynski, Kamil Cyran, Krzysztof A. Silesian University of Technology Department of Computer Graphics Vision and Digital Systems Faculty of Automatic Control Electronics and Computer Science Gliwice Poland Polish Academy of Sciences Institute of Theoretical and Applied Informatics Poland University of Buea Laboratory of Electrical Engineering and Computing Faculty of Engineering and Technology Buea Cameroon

This paper presents a novel approach for head tracking in augmented reality (AR) flight simulators using an adaptive fusion of Kalman and particle filters. This fusion dynamically balances the strengths of both algorithms, leveraging Kalman filters for computational efficiency and particle filters for handling non-linearities based on real-time factors such as sensor noise and head movement patterns. Our method demonstrates superior tracking precision and reduced latency, making it particularly effective for immersive pilot training in AR-based flight simulations. While focused on flight simulation, our approach holds high potential for broader applications in other AR and virtual reality (VR) environments where precise, real-time head tracking is crucial. These results provide actionable design guidance for developers optimizing tracking systems in environments that require fast response times and high accuracy. Future extensions of this research could explore the generalization of our approach across diverse AR applications, including human-computer interaction (HCI), medical simulations, and gaming. © 1968-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Flight simulators

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Secure Communication in Dynamic RDARS-Driven systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Pei, Ziqian Wang, Jintao Zhang, Pingping Shi, Zheng Yang, Guanghua Ma, Shaodan State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Macau Macau999078 China School of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering Jinan University Zhuhai519070 China

In this letter, we investigate a dynamic reconfigurable distributed antenna and reflection surface (RDARS)driven secure communication system, where the working mode of the RDARS can be flexibly configured. We aim to maximize the secrecy rate by jointly designing the active beamforming vectors, reflection coefficients, and the channel-aware mode selection matrix. To address the non-convex binary and cardinality constraints introduced by dynamic mode selection, we propose an efficient alternating optimization (AO) framework that employs penalty-based fractional programming (FP) and successive convex approximation (SCA) transformations. Simulation results demonstrate the potential of RDARS in enhancing the secrecy rate and show its superiority compared to existing reflection surface-based schemes. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Secure communication

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Fusion protein localization predicted by AlphaFold2 17

Fusion protein localization predicted by AlphaFold2

引用

17th International Conference on Photonics and Imaging in Biology and Medicine, PIBM 2024

作者： Wu, Zipei Li, Changjiang Xiao, Zeyu Zhang, Xiaoying Song, Haiying Peng, Xiao Yan, Wei Qu, Junle College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Boston University BostonMA02215 United States College of Pharmacy Shenzhen Technology University Shenzhen518118 China Department of Nephrology The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Shenzhen Second People's Hospital Shenzhen518035 China Medical Engineering and Technology College Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi810017 China

ISBN: (数字)9781510688070

ISBN: (纸本)9781510688063

Currently, rapid and accurate prediction of targeting expression of a fluorescent protein tagged fusion protein remains a great challenge. Molecular docking simulation methods have been widely used to predict molecular binding targets in previous studies. However, these prediction methods rely on the existing protein structures and prior structural predictions, leading to an unsatisfied accuracy. Here, we combined Alphafold2 with molecular docking simulations to predict the targeting effect of fluorescent proteins EGFP or mCherry fused to cytoskeleton protein. The prediction results showed that the fusion of mCherry with β-actin did not affect its expression in the cytoskeleton. In contrast, the fusion of EGFP with β-actin inhibited its efficient participation in cytoskeleton formation. Subsequently, the corresponding β-actin-mCherry and β-actin-EGFP expression vectors were constructed and transfected into cells. The transfected cells were then observed under a confocal microscope. Imaging results showed that β-actin-mCherry participated in the construction of the cytoskeleton, while β-actin-EGFP dispersed in the cytoplasm. This work demonstrated a method to predict whether the fusion of fluorescent protein with a target protein will affect its original targeting function, providing a new approach to optimize the design of fusion proteins. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Molecular docking

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PARoute2: Enhanced Analog Routing via Performance-Drive Guidance Generation

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IEEE Transactions on computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and systems 2025年

作者： Xu, Peng Tu, Jindong Chen, Guojin Zhu, Keren Chen, Tinghuan Ho, Tsung-Yi Yu, Bei The Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Computer Science and Engineering NT Hong Kong The Chinese University of Hong Kong School of Science and Engineering Guangdong Shenzhen518172 Hong Kong Fudan University School of Microelectronics State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems Shanghai200433 China

Analog routing is crucial for performance optimization in analog circuit design, but conventionally takes significant development time and requires design expertise. Recent research has attempted to use machine learning (ML) to generate guidance to preserve circuit performance after analog routing. These methods face challenges such as expensive data acquisition and biased guidance. This paper presents AnalogFold, a new paradigm of analog routing that leverages ML to provide performance-oriented routing guidance. Our approach learns performance-driven routing guidance and uses it to help automatic routers for performance-driven routing optimization. We propose to use a 3DGNN that incorporates cost-aware distance to make accurate predictions on post-layout performance. A pool-assisted potential relaxation process derives the effective routing guidance. The experimental results on multiple benchmarks under the TSMC 40nm technology node demonstrate the superiority of the proposed framework compared to the cutting-edge works. © 2025 IEEE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Analog circuits

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Explainable Application Intent for Zero-Touch Networking: An Incorporation of Hypergraph and Transformer

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IEEE Transactions on Communications 2025年

作者： Wu, Bing Zou, Sai Liwang, Minghui Ni, Wei Wang, Xianbin Guizhou University College of Big Data and Information Engineering China National Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems Department of Control Science and Engineering China Tongji University Frontiers Science Center for Intelligent Autonomous Systems Ministry of Education Shanghai China Data61 CSIRO Australia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Western University Canada

The autonomous interpretation of application intent (APPI) represents the primary step towards achieving closed-loop autonomy in zero-touch networking (ZTN) and also a prerequisite for intent-based networking (IBN). However, understanding APPIs and invoking the corresponding network resources require network professionals with extensive technical expertise to customize network service requests (NSRs), which presents significant challenges for the large-scale deployment of ZTN. This paper investigates an interesting problem of autonomous interpretation of APPIs for ZTN, where a novel mechanism integrating hypergraph and transformer with completeness assurance (HyperTrans-CA) is proposed. In particular, we first involve the Bayesian theory to model APPIs interpretability as maximizing the correct transition probability, where hypergraph is used to describe the complex relationship between application characteristics (e.g., scenario function, and performance) and NSRs, including network devices, virtual network functions (VNFs), and resources. Then, the hypergraph is integrated into the encoder, decoder, and attention mechanisms of Transformer, and a completeness assurance mechanism is designed to improve the prediction accuracy. The convergence of HyperTrans-CA and the corresponding convergence speed of the hypergraph-boosted Transformer in the graph search process are also analyzed. Comprehensive simulations and empirical measurements regarding industrial internet demonstrate that HyperTrans-CA can effectively explain/understand APPIs. Compared to the state-of-the-art Transformer and ChatGPT3.5 models, HyperTrans-CA improves the prediction accuracy of APPIs mapped to VNFs by 23% and 46%, respectively, while raising the prediction accuracy of VNF locations by 8.6 and 17.3 times. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Bayesian networks

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Near-Far Field Three-Stage Beam Training for RIS-Assisted Wideband OFDM Communications

Near-Far Field Three-Stage Beam Training for RIS-Assisted Wi...

引用

IEEE Conference on Wireless Communications and Networking

作者： Zhichao Cheng Shupei Zhang Shu Fu Boya Di School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science Peking University Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks School of Electronics Peking University Beijing China Department of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing China

ISBN: (数字)9798350368369

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368376

Large-scale reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have emerged as a promising technology for signal strength enhancement and coverage extension in 6G networks. However, as the antenna scale and the bandwidth increase, large-scale RIS-assisted wideband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communication systems face new challenges due to the near-field range expansion and the beam split effect, complicating the acquisition of channel state information (CSI). To tackle these challenges, in this paper, we present a wideband beam training scheme by utilizing the beam split effect to bypass the CSI acquisition. Specifically, by analyzing the beam split effect in RIS-assisted OFDM communication systems, we propose a beam-split-aware codebook capable of covering both the near and far fields. The coverage of codewords in the proposed codebook is expanded benefiting from the beam split effect, leading to fewer codewords compared to conventional narrow-band codebooks. Utilizing such a codebook, a three-stage beam training mechanism is performed to obtain the optimal codeword with low time overhead, thereby facilitating the beamforming. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme outperforms existing codebook-based beam training schemes in terms of training overhead and sum rate in the hybrid near-far field.

关键词： Training Upper bound Array signal processing OFDM Simulation Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces Broadband antennas Wideband Faces Channel state information

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Wavelet Convolutional Neural Network for Low-Resolution Brain MRI Images

Wavelet Convolutional Neural Network for Low-Resolution Brai...

引用

IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging

作者： Soo Min Oh Yifan Li Jo Woon Chong Wireless Information and Network Sciences Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Department of Statistics Texas A&M University College Station TX USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas Tech University Lubbock TX USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Korea

ISBN: (数字)9798331520526

ISBN: (纸本)9798331520533

Low-resolution images inherently contain less information, making effective feature extraction more challenging and posing difficulties for training neural networks. However, if neural networks can be trained successfully on low-resolution images, this could significantly reduce memory storage requirements and computational costs. In this study, we address the limitations of low-resolution brain MRI images by enhancing the available information through wavelet transform techniques. Specifically, we leverage the high-frequency coefficients obtained from wavelet transforms and the Hurst exponent to improve feature representation and optimize model training for convolutional neural networks (CNN), which is referred to as the wavelet CNN (WCNN). We demonstrate that WCNN outperforms standard CNNs in multi-class classification tasks, distinguishing among four categories of brain MRI images such as normal, glioma, meningioma, and pituitary tumor images. This approach highlights the potential to achieve high classification accuracy even with low-resolution data, ultimately reducing the memory and computational resources required for data processing and model training.

关键词： Wavelet transforms Training Accuracy Magnetic resonance imaging Computational modeling Brain modeling Feature extraction Data models Convolutional neural networks Tumors

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Optimizing Bidding Curves for Renewable Energy in Two-Settlement Electricity Markets

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zhao, Dongwei Delikaraoglou, Stefanos Dvorkin, Vladimir Lamadrid, Alberto J.L. Botterud, Audun Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL United States Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann ArborMI United States Department of Economics Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering Lehigh University BethlehemPA United States

Coordination of day-ahead and real-time electricity markets is imperative for cost-effective electricity supply and also to provide efficient incentives for the energy transition. Although stochastic market designs feature the least-cost coordination, they are incompatible with current deterministic markets. This paper proposes a new approach for compatible coordination in two-settlement markets based on benchmark bidding curves for variable renewable energy. These curves are optimized based on a bilevel optimization problem, anticipating per-scenario responses of deterministic market-clearing problems and ultimately minimizing the expected cost across day-ahead and real-time markets. Although the general bilevel model is challenging to solve, we theoretically prove that a single-segment bidding curve with a zero bidding price is sufficient to achieve system optimality if the marginal cost of variable renewable energy is zero, thus addressing the computational challenge. In practice, variable renewable energy producers can be allowed to bid multi-segment curves with non-zero prices. We test the bilevel framework for both single- and multiple-segment bidding curves under the assumption of fixed bidding prices. We leverage duality theory and McCormick envelopes to derive the linear programming approximation of the bilevel problem, which scales to practical systems such as a 1576-bus NYISO system. We benchmark the proposed coordination and find absolute dominance over the baseline solution, which assumes that renewables agnostically bid their expected forecasts. We also demonstrate that our proposed scheme provides a good approximation of the least-cost, yet unattainable in practice, stochastic market outcome. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词：

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Design, Dynamic Modeling and Control of a 2-DOF Robotic Wrist Actuated by Twisted and Coiled Actuators

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2025年

作者： Zhang, Yunsong Zhou, Xinyu Zhang, Feitian Department of Advanced Manufacturing and Robotics College of Engineering State Key Laboratory of Turbulence and Complex Systems Peking University Beijing100871 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Michigan State University East LansingMI48824 United States

Robotic wrists play a pivotal role in the functionality of industrial manipulators and humanoid robots, facilitating manipulation and grasping tasks. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in integrating artificial muscle-driven actuators for robotic wrists, driven by advancements in technology offering high energy density, lightweight construction, and compact designs. However, in the study of robotic wrists driven by artificial muscles, dynamic model-based controllers are often overlooked, despite their critical importance for motion analysis and dynamic control of robots. This paper presents a novel design of a two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) robotic wrist driven by twisted and coiled actuators (TCA) utilizing a parallel mechanism with a 3RRRR configuration. The proposed robotic wrist is expected to feature lightweight structures and superior motion performance while mitigating friction issues. The Lagrangian dynamic model of the wrist is established, along with a nonlinear model predictive controller (NMPC) designed for trajectory tracking tasks. A prototype of the robotic wrist is developed, and extensive experiments are conducted to validate its superior motion performance and the proposed dynamic model. Subsequently, extensive comparative experiments between NMPC and PID controller were conducted under various operating conditions. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the dynamic model-based controller in the motion control of TCA-driven robotic wrists. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Industrial manipulators

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Innate Cyber-Immunity and Acquired Cyber-Immunity across Multi-Area Power systems

引用

IEEE Transactions on Power systems 2025年

作者： Hou, Jiazuo Song, Yue Hou, Yunhe Peng, Jimmy Chih-Hsien National University of Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Singapore Tongji University Department of Control Science and Engineering National Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology Shanghai201804 China The University of Hong Kong Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Hong Kong University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation Shenzhen518057 China

Organisms have evolved innate and acquired immune systems to defend against pathogens like coronaviruses. Similarly, power networks, threatened by cyber-attacks, desire cyber-immunity. Inspired by the immunology research, this study develops a cyber-immune strategy-characterizing innate cyber-immunity and establishing acquired cyber-immunity-for any selected portion of a power network (termed as power subnetwork) against stealthy false data injection (FDI) cyberattacks. Therein, without extrinsic protection and information asymmetry, this paper for the first time confirms the existence and provides closed-form conditions for power subnetworks that are innately immune to FDI cyber-attacks despite all measurements being compromised. Single-leader-multi-follower bi-level optimization models are then developed to strategically allocate measurement protection, leading to the acquired cyber-immunity, whose conditions for existence and the least cost are explicitly formulated. More importantly, a bi-directional cyber-immunity propagation mechanism is presented to provide the optimal spatial allocation of defense resources across adjacent subnetworks. It also explicitly determines the temporal allocation sequence, revealing its sequential and cumulative impacts on establishing cyber-immunity. This is achieved by designing recursive traversal algorithms, one of which is modelled as a post-order depth-first-search problem of a multi-fork tree. The proposed subnetwork-specific cyber-immune strategy is verified in a modified Australian National Electricity Market. © 1969-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Phishing

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