检索结果-内蒙古大学图书馆

SSRN 2022年

作者： Tay, Dousabel M.Y. Kim, Seunghyeon Hao, Yining Yee, Emma H. Jia, Huan Vleck, Sydney M. Chilekwa, Makaya Voldman, Joel Sikes, Hadley D. Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Antimicrobial Resistance Integrated Research Group Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology 1 CREATE Way Singapore138602 Singapore Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Microsystems Technology Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States

Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have shown to be instrumental in healthcare and disease control. However, they have been plagued by many inefficiencies in the laborious empirical development and optimization process for the attainment of clinically relevant sensitivity. While various studies have sought to model paper-based RDTs, most have relied on continuum-based models that are not necessarily applicable to all operation regimes, and have solely focused on predicting the specific interactions between the antigen and binders. It is also unclear how the model predictions may be utilized for optimizing assay performance. Here, we propose a streamlined and simplified model-based framework, only relying on calibration with a minimal experimental dataset, for the acceleration of assay optimization. We show that our models are capable of recapitulating experimental data across different formats and antigen-binder-matrix combinations. By predicting signals due to both specific and background interactions, our facile approach enables the estimation of several pertinent assay performance metrics such as limit-of-detection, sensitivity, signal-to-noise ratio and difference. We believe that our proposed workflow would be a valuable addition to the toolset of any assay developer, regardless of the amount of resources they have in their arsenal, and aid assay optimization at any stage in their assay development process. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Disease control

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Highly-twisted states of light from a high quality factor photonic crystal ring

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Lu, Xiyuan Wang, Mingkang Zhou, Feng Heuck, Mikkel Zhu, Wenqi Aksyuk, Vladimir A. Englund, Dirk R. Srinivasan, Kartik Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division Physical Measurement Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology GaithersburgMD20899 United States Joint Quantum Institute NIST University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering Technical University of Denmark Kgs. Lyngby2800 Denmark Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States

Twisted light with orbital angular momentum (OAM) has been extensively studied for applications in quantum and classical communications, microscopy, and optical micromanipulation. Ejecting the naturally high angular momentum whispering gallery modes (WGMs) of an optical microresonator through a grating-assisted mechanism, where the generated OAM number (l) is the difference of the angular momentum of the WGM and that of the grating, provides a scalable, chip-integrated solution for OAM generation. However, demonstrated OAM microresonators have exhibited a much lower quality factor (Q) than conventional WGM resonators (by > 100×), and an understanding of the ultimate limits on Q has been lacking. This is crucial given the importance of Q in enhancing light-matter interactions, such as single emitter coupling and parametric nonlinear processes, that underpin many important microresonator applications. Moreover, though high-OAM states are often desirable, the limits on what is achievable in a microresonator configuration are not well understood. Here, we provide new physical insight on these two longstanding questions, through understanding OAM from the perspective of mode coupling in a photonic crystal ring, and linking it to the commonly studied case of coherent backscattering between counter-propagating WGMs. In addition to demonstrating high-Q (105 to 106), high estimated OAM ejection efficiency (up to 90 %), and high-OAM number (up to l = 60), our empirical model is supported by experiments and provides a quantitative explanation for the behavior of Q and OAM ejection efficiency with l for the first time. The state-of-the-art performance and new understanding of the physics of microresonator OAM generation will open new opportunities for realizing OAM applications using chip-integrated technologies. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Efficiency

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X-parameter based design and simulation of Josephson traveling-wave parametric amplifiers for quantum computing applications

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Peng, Kaidong Poore, Rick Krantz, Philip Root, David E. O'Brien, Kevin P. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge United States PathWave Software and Solutions Keysight Technologies Inc. Calabasas United States Quantum Engineering Solutions Keysight Technologies Sweden Gothenburg Sweden Keysight Laboratories AB Keysight Technologies Inc Santa Rosa United States

We present an efficient, accurate, and comprehensive analysis framework for generic, multi-port nonlinear parametric circuits, in the presence of dissipation from lossy circuit components, based on "quantum-adapted" X-parameters. We apply this method to Josephson traveling-wave parametric amplifiers (JTWPAs) - a key component in superconducting and spin qubit quantum computing architectures - which are challenging to model accurately due to their thousands of linear and nonlinear circuit components. X-parameters are generated from a harmonic balance solution of the classical nonlinear circuit and then mapped to the field ladder operator basis, so that the energy associated with each of the multiple interacting modes corresponds to photon occupancy, rather than classical power waves. Explicit relations for the quantum efficiency of a generic, multi-port, multi-frequency parametric circuit are presented and evaluated for two distinct JTWPA designs. The gain and quantum efficiency are consistent with those obtained from Fourier analysis of time-domain solutions, but with enhanced accuracy, speed, and the ability to include real-world impairments, statistical variations, parasitic effects, and impedance mismatches (in- and out-of-band) seamlessly. The unified flow is implemented in Keysight's PathWave Advanced Design System (ADS) and independently in an open-source simulation code, ***, from the MIT authors. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Open systems

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Applying classical control techniques to quantum systems: Entanglement versus stability margin and other limitations

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Weidner, Carrie A. Schirmer, S.G. Langbein, F.C. Jonckheere, E. The Quantum Engineering Technology Laboratories H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Bristol BristolBS8 1FD United Kingdom The Faculty of Science & Engineering Swansea University SwanseaSA2 8PP United Kingdom The School of Computer Science and Informatics Cardiff University CardiffCF24 4AG United Kingdom The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Southern California Los AngelesCA90089 United States

Development of robust quantum control has been challenging and there are numerous obstacles to applying classical robust control to quantum system including bilinearity, marginal stability, state preparation errors, nonlinear figures of merit. The requirement of marginal stability, while not satisfied for closed quantum systems, can be satisfied for open quantum systems where Lindbladian behavior leads to non-unitary evolution, and allows for nonzero classical stability margins, but it remains difficult to extract physical insight when classical robust control tools are applied to these systems. We consider a straightforward example of the entanglement between two qubits dissipatively coupled to a lossy cavity and analyze it using the classical stability margin and structured perturbations. We attempt, where possible, to extract physical insight from these analyses. Our aim is to highlight where classical robust control can assist in the analysis of quantum systems and identify areas where more work needs to be done to develop specific methods for quantum robust control. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Robust control

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Editorial Introduction to the JSTQE Special Issue on Semiconductor Lasers

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IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 2022年第1期28卷

作者： Capmany, José Gu, Qing Haglund, Åsa Klamkin, Jonathan Matsuo, Shinji Sciamanna, Marc The Photonics Research Labs Institute of Telecommunications and Multimedia Applications Universitat Politècnica de València Spain ECE Affiliated Faculty of Materials Science & Engineering The University of Texas DallasTX United States Photonics Laboratory Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden Electrical and Computer Engineering Department UCSB Nanotech University of California Santa BarbaraCA United States NTT Photonics Laboratories NTT Device Technology Laboratories Atsugi Japan Centrale Supélec Campus de Metz Metz France

The papers in this special section focus on the topic of semiconductor lasers. Almost 60 years after their first demonstration this area of research remains one of the most active fields in photonics fueled both by the incorporation of new materials, structures and quantum effects as well as by the surge of novel applications that demand the unique properties of compactness, high-power, spectral richness and low linedwidth provided by these devices. These include communications, sensing, biophotonics and the more recent areas of lidar, optical beamforming, computing and quantum information systems. Each of them can leverage from the unique features of semiconductor lasers. The objective of this special section is to highlight recent progress, challenges and trends in innovative materials, geometries, modelling and applications of semiconductor lasers.

关键词： Special issues and sections Semiconductor lasers Semiconductor devices Laser stability Quantum cascade lasers Quantum dot lasers Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers

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Performance Analysis on RIS-Aided Wideband Massive MIMO OFDM Systems with Low-Resolution ADCs

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Chen, Xianzhe Ren, Hong Pan, Cunhua Peng, Zhangjie Zhi, Kangda Liu, Yong Xi, Xiaojun Armada, Ana Garcia Wang, Cheng-Xiang The National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Nanjing210096 China The College of Information Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Shanghai Normal University Shanghai200234 China The Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Education and Bigdata Shanghai Normal University Shanghai200234 China The School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Technical University of Berlin Berlin10623 Germany The Wireless Technology Laboratory Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd. Shanghai201206 China The Department of Signal Theory and Communications University Carlos III of Madrid Leganes28911 Spain The National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory School Information of Science and Engineering Southeast University Nanjing210096 China The Pervasive Communication Research Center Purple Mountain Laboratories Nanjing211111 China

This paper investigates a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided wideband massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system with low-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). Frequency-selective Rician fading channels are considered, and the OFDM data transmission process is presented in time domain. This paper derives the closed-form approximate expression of the uplink achievable rate, based on which the asymptotic system performance is analyzed when the number of the antennas at the base station and the number of reflecting elements at the RIS grow to infinity. Besides, the power scaling laws of the considered system are revealed to provide energy-saving insights. Furthermore, this paper proposes a gradient ascent-based algorithm to design the phase shifts of the RIS for maximizing the minimum user rate. Finally, numerical results are presented to verify the correctness of analytical conclusions and draw insights. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing

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Scalable flux controllers using adiabatic superconductor logic for quantum processors

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Physical Review Research 2023年第1期5卷 013145-013145页

作者： Naoki Takeuchi Taiki Yamae Wenhui Luo Fuminori Hirayama Tsuyoshi Yamamoto Nobuyuki Yoshikawa Research Center for Emerging Computing Technologies National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8568 Japan NEC-AIST Quantum Technology Cooperative Research Laboratory National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8568 Japan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Yokohama National University Yokohama Kanagawa 240-8501 Japan Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Chiyoda Tokyo 102-0083 Japan Secure System Platform Research Laboratories NEC Corporation Kawasaki Kanagawa 211-0011 Japan Institute of Advanced Sciences Yokohama National University Yokohama Kanagawa 240-8501 Japan

Quantum processors have the potential to accelerate specific computing tasks but are difficult to scale up due to engineering limitations, such as the number of available cables and cooling power for dilution refrigerators for quantum bits (qubits). Hence, it is very important to develop scalable, energy-efficient interface circuits that can control many qubits via a few control lines inside a dilution refrigerator. One of the most important interface circuits is the flux controller (FC), which generates arbitrary dc flux bias to adjust the characteristics of component devices such as qubits. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate FCs using an energy-efficient superconductor logic family, adiabatic quantum-flux-parametron (AQFP) logic. We develop two types of FCs: the AQFP FC and the AQFP/single-flux-quantum (AQFP/SFQ) FC. Both FCs require only a few control lines and have extremely small power dissipation, thus exhibiting high scalability. Furthermore, the AQFP/SFQ FC can control flux bias using ballistic SFQ transmission, which is crucial for integration with qubits. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate AQFP and AQFP/SFQ FCs at 4.2 K, fabricated by the AIST high-speed standard process. Our results indicate that AQFP logic is highly suitable for use as qubit interface circuits for very large-scale quantum processors, especially from the viewpoint of the control line count, power dissipation, and amount of supply currents.

关键词： engineering Devices for digital logic, storage & processing Josephson junctions SQUID Superconducting devices

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Time-Domain Sensitivity of the Tracking Error

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： O'Neil, S. Schirmer, S.G. Langbein, F.C. Weidner, C.A. Jonckheere, E. the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Southern California Los AngelesCA90089 United States the Faculty of Science & Engineering Swansea University SwanseaSA2 8PP United Kingdom the School of Computer Science and Informatics Cardiff University CardiffCF24 4AG United Kingdom the Quantum Engineering Technology Laboratories University of Bristol BristolBS8 1FD United Kingdom

A strictly time-domain formulation of the log-sensitivity of the error signal to structured plant uncertainty is presented and analyzed through simple but representative classical and quantum systems. Results demonstrate that across a wide range of physical systems, maximization of performance (minimization of the error signal) asymptotically or at a specific time comes at the cost of increased log-sensitivity, implying a time-domain constraint analogous to the frequency-domain identity S(s) + T(s) = I. While of limited value in classical problems based on asymptotic stabilization or tracking, such a time-domain formulation is valuable in assessing the reduced robustness cost concomitant with high-fidelity quantum control schemes predicated on time-based performance measures. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Frequency domain analysis

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Ferroelectric transistors based on shear-transformation-mediated rhombohedral-stacked molybdenum disulfide

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Nature Electronics 2024年第1期7卷 29-38页

作者： Yang, Tilo H. Liang, Bor-Wei Hu, Hsiang-Chi Chen, Fu-Xiang Ho, Sheng-Zhu Chang, Wen-Hao Yang, Liu Lo, Han-Chieh Kuo, Tzu-Hao Chen, Jyun-Hong Lin, Po-Yen Simbulan, Kristan Bryan Luo, Zhao-Feng Chang, Alice Chinghsuan Kuo, Yi-Hao Ku, Yu-Seng Chen, Yi-Cheng Huang, You-Jia Chang, Yu-Chen Chiang, Yu-Fan Lu, Ting-Hua Lee, Min-Hung Li, Kai-Shin Wu, Menghao Chen, Yi-Chun Lin, Chun-Liang Lan, Yann-Wen Department of Physics National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan Taiwan Semiconductor Research Institute National Applied Research Laboratories Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Electrophysics National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Physics National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan School of Physics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan Department of Mathematics and Physics University of Santo Tomas Manila Philippines Program for Semiconductor Devices Materials and Hetero-integration Graduate School of Advanced Technology National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Physics National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States

To develop low-power, non-volatile computing-in-memory device using ferroelectric transistor technologies, ferroelectric channel materials with scaled thicknesses are required. Two-dimensional semiconductors, such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), equipped with sliding ferroelectricity could provide an answer. However, achieving switchable electric polarization in epitaxial MoS2 remains challenging due to the absence of mobile domain boundaries. Here we show that polarity-switchable epitaxial rhombohedral-stacked (3R) MoS2 can be used as a ferroelectric channel in ferroelectric memory transistors. We show that a shear transformation can spontaneously occur in 3R MoS2 epilayers, producing heterostructures with stable ferroelectric domains embedded in a highly dislocated and unstable non-ferroelectric matrix. This diffusionless phase transformation process produces mobile screw dislocations that enable collective polarity control of 3R MoS2 via an electric field. Polarization–electric-field measurements reveal a switching field of 0.036 V nm−1 for shear-transformed 3R MoS2. Our sliding ferroelectric transistors are non-volatile memory units with thicknesses of only two atomic layers and exhibit an average memory window of 7 V with an applied voltage of 10 V, retention times greater than 104 seconds and endurance greater than 104 cycles. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.

关键词： Molybdenum disulfide

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A Tutorial on Near-Field XL-MIMO Communications Towards 6G

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Lu, Haiquan Zeng, Yong You, Changsheng Han, Yu Zhang, Jiayi Wang, Zhe Dong, Zhenjun Jin, Shi Wang, Cheng-Xiang Jiang, Tao You, Xiaohu Zhang, Rui The National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Nanjing210096 China The Purple Mountain Laboratories Nanjing211111 China Shenzhen518055 China The School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China The Research Center of 6G Mobile Communications School of Cyber Science and Engineering The School of Electronic Information and Communications Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China School of Science and Engineering Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data The Chinese University of Hong Kong Guangdong Shenzhen518172 China The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore117583 Singapore

Extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) is a promising technology for the sixth-generation (6G) mobile communication networks. By significantly boosting the antenna number or size to at least an order of magnitude beyond current massive MIMO systems, XL-MIMO is expected to unprecedentedly enhance the spectral efficiency and spatial resolution for wireless communication. The evolution from massive MIMO to XL-MIMO is not simply an increase in the array size, but faces new design challenges, in terms of near-field channel modelling, performance analysis, channel estimation, and practical implementation. In this article, we give a comprehensive tutorial overview on near-field XL-MIMO communications, aiming to provide useful guidance for tackling the above challenges. First, the basic near-field modelling for XL-MIMO is established, by considering the new characteristics of non-uniform spherical wave (NUSW) and spatial non-stationarity. Next, based on the near-field modelling, the performance analysis of XL-MIMO is presented, including the near-field signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) scaling laws, beam focusing pattern, achievable rate, and degrees-of-freedom (DoF). Furthermore, various XL-MIMO design issues such as near-field beam codebook, beam training, channel estimation, and delay alignment modulation (DAM) transmission are elaborated. Finally, we point out promising directions to inspire future research on near-field XL-MIMO communications. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Signal to noise ratio

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