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Magnetoelectric microelectromechanical and nanoelectromechanical systems for the IoT

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Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering

Nature Reviews electrical engineering 2024年第5期1卷 317-334页

作者： Bin Luo Cunzheng Dong Yifan He Xiaxin Liu Rui Huang Nian X. Sun A. R. Will-Cole Hwaider Lin Xiaoling Shi Michael McConney Michael Page Mohan Sanghadasa Ramamoorthy Ramesh W.M. Keck Laboratory for Integrated Ferroics Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Northeastern University Boston MA USA Microsystems Engineering Science and Applications Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque NM USA Winchester Technologies LLC Burlington MA USA Materials Directorate Air Force Research Laboratory Dayton OH USA DEVCOM Aviation & Missile Center Army Futures Command Huntsville AL USA Materials Science and Nanoengineering and Physics and Astronomy Rice University Houston TX USA

The internet of things (IoT) has revolutionized society by creating a network of interconnected devices with sensors, processing ability and software for data exchange. However, the expansion of IoT places undue strain on energy resources. Thus, the development of low-power components is critical. Moreover, the demand for IoT has opened new markets for wearable technologies, necessitating innovations towards miniaturization. This rapid growth introduces further challenges in communication and environmental adaptability. Magnetoelectric (ME) microelectromechanical and nanoelectromechanical systems (M/NEMS) introduce unparalleled properties to reshape the IoT landscape. ME M/NEMS enable a 100,000× reduction in wavelength, resulting in reduced size and weight, and provide multifunctionality, such as simultaneous sensing, data transmission and wireless power transfer. With renewed interest in ME M/NEMS platforms, several disruptive technologies have emerged ranging from ultra-compact radiofrequency front-ends to quantum sensing, computing and communication networks. This Review delves into ME materials, ME composites and ME M/NEMS for IoT functions, including logic memory; magnetic sensing; wireless power transfer; ultra-compact antennas; power, radiofrequency and microwave electronics; and communication systems.

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Two-Dimensional Non-Line-of-Sight Scene Estimation from a Single Edge Occluder

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Seidel, Sheila W. Murray-Bruce, John Ma, Yanting Yu, Christopher Freeman, William T. Goyal, Vivek K. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Boston University BostonMA02215 United States Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of South Florida TampaFL33620 United States Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories CambridgeMA02139 United States Charles Stark Draper Laboratory CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States

Passive non-line-of-sight imaging methods are often faster and stealthier than their active counterparts, requiring less complex and costly equipment. However, many of these methods exploit motion of an occluder or the hidden scene, or require knowledge or calibration of complicated occluders. The edge of a wall is a known and ubiquitous occluding structure that may be used as an aperture to image the region hidden behind it. Light from around the corner is cast onto the floor forming a fan-like penumbra rather than a sharp shadow. Subtle variations in the penumbra contain a remarkable amount of information about the hidden scene. Previous work has leveraged the vertical nature of the edge to demonstrate 1D (in angle measured around the corner) reconstructions of moving and stationary hidden scenery from as little as a single photograph of the penumbra. In this work, we introduce a second reconstruction dimension: range measured from the edge. We derive a new forward model, accounting for radial falloff, and propose two inversion algorithms to form 2D reconstructions from a single photograph of the penumbra. Performances of both algorithms are demonstrated on experimental data corresponding to several different hidden scene configurations. A Cramér–Rao bound analysis further demonstrates the feasibility (and utility) of the 2D corner camera. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： computer vision

Development of Quantum Interconnects (QuICs) for Next-Generation Information Technologies

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PRX Quantum 2021年第1期2卷 017002-017002页

作者： David Awschalom Karl K. Berggren Hannes Bernien Sunil Bhave Lincoln D. Carr Paul Davids Sophia E. Economou Dirk Englund Andrei Faraon Martin Fejer Saikat Guha Martin V. Gustafsson Evelyn Hu Liang Jiang Jungsang Kim Boris Korzh Prem Kumar Paul G. Kwiat Marko Lončar Mikhail D. Lukin David A.B. Miller Christopher Monroe Sae Woo Nam Prineha Narang Jason S. Orcutt Michael G. Raymer Amir H. Safavi-Naeini Maria Spiropulu Kartik Srinivasan Shuo Sun Jelena Vučković Edo Waks Ronald Walsworth Andrew M. Weiner Zheshen Zhang Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60637 USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science MIT Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA Department of Physics Colorado School of Mines 1500 Illinois Street Golden Colorado 80401 USA Photonic & Phononic Microsystems Sandia National Laboratory Albuquerque New Mexico 87185 USA Department of Physics Virginia Tech Blacksburg Virginia 24061 USA T .J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA Kavli Nanoscience Institute California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA E.L. Ginzton Laboratory Stanford University Stanford California 94305 USA College of Optical Sciences The University of Arizona Tucson Arizona 85721 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Arizona Tucson Arizona 85721 USA Department of Applied Mathematics The University of Arizona Tucson Arizona 85721 USA Raytheon BBN Technologies Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA Harvard Quantum Initiative (HQI) Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708 USA IonQ Inc. College Park Maryland 20740 USA Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91109 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Department of Physics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 USA IQUIST University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 USA Department of Physics Harvard Universi

Just as “classical” information technology rests on a foundation built of interconnected information-processing systems, quantum information technology (QIT) must do the same. A critical component of such systems is the “interconnect,” a device or process that allows transfer of information between disparate physical media, for example, semiconductor electronics, individual atoms, light pulses in optical fiber, or microwave fields. While interconnects have been well engineered for decades in the realm of classical information technology, quantum interconnects (QuICs) present special challenges, as they must allow the transfer of fragile quantum states between different physical parts or degrees of freedom of the system. The diversity of QIT platforms (superconducting, atomic, solid-state color center, optical, etc.) that will form a “quantum internet” poses additional challenges. As quantum systems scale to larger size, the quantum interconnect bottleneck is imminent, and is emerging as a grand challenge for QIT. For these reasons, it is the position of the community represented by participants of the NSF workshop on “Quantum Interconnects” that accelerating QuIC research is crucial for sustained development of a national quantum science and technology program. Given the diversity of QIT platforms, materials used, applications, and infrastructure required, a convergent research program including partnership between academia, industry, and national laboratories is required.

关键词： Cold atoms & matter waves Nonlinear optics Optics & lasers Photonics Quantum communication Quantum computation Quantum error correction Quantum information architectures & platforms Quantum information processing Quantum metrology Quantum optics Atomic systems Optical materials & elements Quantum dots

A geometry-based stochastic model for truck communication channels in freeway scenarios

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Huang, Chen Wang, Rui Wang, Cheng-Xiang Tang, Pan Molisch, Andreas F. Pervasive Communication Research Center Purple Mountain Laboratories Nanjing211111 China National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory School of Information Science and Engineering Southeast University Nanjing210096 China State Key Lab of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing100876 China Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering USC Los AngelesCA90089 United States

Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) wireless communication systems are fundamental in many intelligent transportation applications, e.g., traffic load control, driverless vehicle, and collision avoidance. Hence, developing appropriate V2V communication systems and standardization require realistic V2V propagation channel models. However, most existing V2V channel modeling studies focus on car-to-car channels;only a few investigate truck-to-car (T2C) or truck-to-truck (T2T) channels. In this paper, a hybrid geometry-based stochastic model (GBSM) is proposed for T2X (T2C or T2T) channels in freeway environments. Next, we parameterize this GBSM from the extensive channel measurements. We extract the multipath components (MPCs) by using a joint maximum likelihood estimation (RiMAX) and then cluster the MPCs based on their evolution patterns. We classify the determined clusters as line-of-sight, multiple-bounce reflections from static interaction objects (IOs), multiple-bounce reflections from mobile IOs, multiple-bounce reflections, and diffuse scattering. Specifically, we model multiple-bounce reflections as double clusters following the COST 273/COST2100 method. This article presents the complete parameterization of the channel model. We validate this model by contrasting the root-mean-square delay spread and the angular spreads of departure/arrival derived from the channel model with the outcomes directly derived from the measurements. © 2021, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Stochastic systems

electrically-insulating flexible films with quasi-one-dimensional van-der-waals fillers as efficient electromagnetic shields

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Barani, Zahra Kargar, Fariborz Ghafouri, Yassamin Ghosh, Subhajit Godziszewski, Konrad Seyedmahmoudbaraghani, Saba Yashchyshyn, Yevhen Cywiński, Grzegorz Rumyantsev, Sergey Salguero, Tina T. Balandin, Alexander A. Center Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California RiversideCA92521 United States Department of Chemistry University of Georgia AthensGA30602 United States Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology Warsaw University of Technology Warsaw00-665 Poland CENTERA Laboratories Institute of High-Pressure Physics Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw01-142 Poland CEZAMAT Warsaw University of Technology Warsaw02-822 Poland Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California RiversideCA92521 United States

We report polymer composite films containing fillers comprised of quasi-one-dimensional (1D) van der Waals materials, specifically transition metal trichalcogenides containing 1D structural motifs that enable their exfoliation into bundles of atomic threads. These nanostructures are characterized by extremely large aspect ratios of up to ~106. The polymer composites with low loadings of quasi-1D TaSe3 fillers ( Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fillers

Remote epitaxy and freestanding wide bandgap semiconductor membrane technology

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Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering

Nature Reviews electrical engineering 2024年 680-689页

作者： Minseong Park Yongmin Baek Kyusang Lee Takuji Maekawa Kyungwook Hwang Youngtek Oh Jim Cable Watanabe Noriyuki Kisik Choi Young-Kyun Noh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA Future Semiconductor Business Charlottesville VA USA Department of Material Science and Engineering University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA ROHM Research and Development Headquarters ROHM Co. Ltd Kyoto Japan Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology Suwon South Korea NTT Device Technology Laboratories NTT Corporation Atsugi Kanagawa Japan IBM Research Albany NY USA IVWorks Co. Ltd Daejeon South Korea

The emergence of artificial intelligence, big data processing, electrical vehicle technologies and so on necessitates a new approach to address the scaling, power efficiency and performance challenges of silicon (Si)-based technology beyond Moore’s law. As a complementary technology, wide bandgap semiconductors, including GaN and SiC, have attracted great attention owing to their unique features of high carrier mobility and high breakdown voltages. However, there are still limitations for widespread applications of wide bandgap semiconductors including scalability, high production cost and thermal management. To overcome these barriers, remote epitaxy and 2D layer transfer technology have been introduced and are in the process of being industrialized to produce single-crystalline semiconductor-based freestanding membranes. In this Perspective, we present the status and challenges for manufacturing GaN and SiC membranes based on remote epitaxy technology that offers significant advantages via wafer reuse and high-quality freestanding epilayer production. We also discuss how industrialization of advanced membrane technology can benefit numerous applications, including heterogeneously integrated circuits, power and radiofrequency systems.

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Depinning of the charge-density waves in Quasi-2D 1T-TaS2 devices operating at room temperature

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Mohammadzadeh, A. Rehman, A. Kargar, F. Rumyantsev, S. Smulko, J.M. Knap, W. Lake, R.K. Balandin, Alexander A. Nano-Device Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Bourns College of Engineering University of California RiversideCA92521 United States CENTERA Laboratories Institute of High-Pressure Physics Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw01-142 Poland Phonon Optimized Engineered Materials Center Materials Science and Engineering Program Bourns College of Engineering University of California RiversideCA92521 United States Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics Gdańsk University of Technology Gdańsk80-233 Poland Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT Warsaw University of Technology Warsaw02-822 Poland Laboratoire Charles Coulomb University of Montpellier and CNRS Montpellier34950 France Laboratory for Terascale and Terahertz Electronics Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California RiversideCA92521 United States

We report on depinning of nearly-commensurate charge-density waves in 1T-TaS2 thin-films at room temperature. A combination of the differential current-voltage measurements with the low-frequency noise spectroscopy provide unambiguous means for detecting the depinning threshold field in quasi-2D materials. The depinning process in 1T-TaS2 is not accompanied by an observable abrupt increase in electric current – in striking contrast to depinning in the conventional charge-density-wave materials with quasi-1D crystal structure. We explained it by the fact that the current density from the charge-density waves in the 1T-TaS2 devices is orders of magnitude smaller than the current density of the free carriers available in the discommensuration network surrounding the commensurate charge-density-wave islands. The depinning fields in 1T-TaS2 thin-film devices are several orders of magnitude larger than those in quasi-1D van der Waals materials. Obtained results are important for the proposed applications of the charge-density-wave devices in electronics. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Van der Waals forces

Corrections to "iPhantom: A Framework for Automated Creation of Individualized Computational Phantoms and its Application to CT Organ Dosimetry"

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IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics 2022年第1期26卷 478页

作者： Wanyi Fu Shobhit Sharma Ehsan Abadi Alexandros-Stavros Iliopoulos Qi Wang Joseph Y Lo Xiaobai Sun William P Segars Ehsan Samei Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Carl E. Ravin Advanced Imaging Laboratories Duke University Durham NC USA Department of Physics and Carl E. Ravin Advanced Imaging Laboratories Duke University Durham NC USA Department of Computer Science Duke University Durham NC USA Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Department of Radiology the Fourth Clinical Hospital of Hebei Medical University Heibei China Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering Biomedical Engineering Medical Physics Graduate Program and Carl E. Ravin Advanced Imaging Laboratories Duke University Durham NC USA Medical Physics Graduate Program and Radiology and the Carl E. Ravin Advanced Imaging Laboratories Departments of Biomedical Engineering Duke University Durham NC USA Carl E. Ravin Advanced Imaging Laboratories Medical Physics Graduate Program Department of Radiology Electrical and Computer Engineering Biomedical Engineering and Physics Duke University Durham NC USA

In [1], the dose estimation accuracy using the alternative baseline method under modulated tube current was not correctly calculated due to an unintentional simulation error.

关键词： Phantoms Image segmentation Computed tomography Image registration

AnciNet: an efficient deep learning approach for feedback compression of estimated csi in massive MIMO systems

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Sun, Yuyao Xu, Wei Fan, Lisheng Ye Li, Geoffrey Karagiannidis, George K. National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Nanjing210096 China Purple Mountain Laboratories Nanjing211111 China School of Computer Science Guangzhou University Guangzhou510006 China School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA United States Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki54 124 Greece

Accurate channel state information (CSI) feedback plays a vital role in improving the performance gain of massive multiple-input multiple-output (m-MIMO) systems, where the dilemma is excessive CSI overhead versus limited feedback bandwith. By considering the noisy CSI due to imperfect channel estimation, we propose a novel deep neural network architecture, namely AnciNet, to conduct the CSI feedback with limited bandwidth. AnciNet extracts noise-free features from the noisy CSI samples to achieve effective CSI compression for the feedback. Experimental results verify that the proposed AnciNet approach outperforms the existing techniques under various conditions. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Channel state information