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Optical Fiber Communication (OFC) Conference

作者： Shaoliang Zhang Lei Xu Jianjun Yu Ming-Fang Huang Pooi Yuen Kam Changyuan Yu Ting Wang Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore NEC Laboratories of America Inc. Princeton NJ USA Institute of Infocomm Research (I2R) Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel, dual-stage frequency offset estimator and achieve the widest range of ± 0.5 times the system symbol rate for the first time in a 42.8-Gbit/s coherent PolMux QPSK... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781557528858

关键词： Frequency estimation Optical receivers Phase estimation Optical transmitters Timing Quadrature phase shift keying Digital signal processing Phase shift keying Sampling methods High speed optical techniques

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Thresholdless coherent light scattering from subband polaritons in a strongly coupled microcavity

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Physical Review B 2010年第12期82卷 121303(R)-121303(R)页

作者： Johannes Gambari Antonio I. Fernandez-Dominguez Stefan A. Maier Ben S. Williams Sushil Kumar John L. Reno Qing Hu Chris C. Phillips Physics Department Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ United Kingdom Department of Electrical Engineering California NanoSystems Institute University of California Los Angeles California 90095 USA Department of Electrical Engineering Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA Sandia National Laboratories Department 1123 MS 0601 Albuquerque New Mexico 87185-0601 USA

We study a “strongly coupled” (SC) polariton system formed between the atomlike intersubband transitions in a semiconductor nanostructure and the terahertz optical modes that are localized at the edges of a gold aperture. The polaritons can be excited optically, by incoherent excitation with band-gap radiation, and we find that they also coherently scatter the same input laser, to give strikingly sharp “sideband” (SB) spectral peaks, in the backscattered spectrum. The SB intensity is a sensitive track of the polariton density and they can be detected down to a quantum noise floor that is more than 2500 times lower than the excitation thresholds of comparable quantum cascade laser diodes. Compared with other coherent scattering mechanisms, higher-order SB scattering events are readily observable, and we speculate that if suitably optimized, the effect may find utility in a passive component capable of all-optical wavelength shifting for telecommunications systems.

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Mission-oriented design: A fully autonomous mobile urban robot

Mission-oriented design: A fully autonomous mobile urban rob...

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International Conference on Multisensor Fusion and Integration for Intelligent Systems (MFI)

作者： Qun Zhang Pey Yuen Tao Aswin Thomas Abraham Brice Rebsamen Chenguang Yang Shuzhi Sam Ge NUS Graduate School of Integrative Sciences and Engineering NGS National University of Singapore Singapore A Star Agency of Science Technology & Research National University of Singapore Singapore Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Temasek Laboratories National University of Singapore Singapore Department of Bioengineering Imperial College London National University of Singapore Singapore Social Robotics Laboratory Interactive & Digital Media Institute (IDMI) Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore

This paper describes a fully autonomous mobile urban robot-X1, which can perform multiple tasks autonomously in an unknown urban environment without human guidance, including mobile reconnaissance, target searching, and object manipulation. The mission-oriented design, which allows reliability and extensibility of the robotic system, includes a high degree of modularity for both hardware and software architecture, and coordination between tasks. Our strategy specifically addresses fundamental issues such as autonomous navigation in unknown urban environments and vision-based object manipulation. All the functionalities have been proved effective in the real urban environments. The robot platform is being built to provide valuable experiences on autonomous robotics research.

关键词： Path planning Navigation Elevators Robot kinematics Robot sensing systems

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Chaos-Assisted Directional Light Emission from Microcavity Lasers

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Physical Review Letters 2010年第16期104卷 163902-163902页

作者： Susumu Shinohara Takahisa Harayama Takehiro Fukushima Martina Hentschel Takahiko Sasaki Evgenii E. Narimanov Max-Planck-Institut für Physik Komplexer Systeme Nöthnitzer Straße 38 D-01187 Dresden Germany NTT Communication Science Laboratories NTT Corporation 2-4 Hikaridai Seika-cho Soraku-gun Kyoto 619-0237 Japan Department of Communication Engineering Okayama Prefectural University 111 Kuboki Soja Okayama 719-1197 Japan Center for Nano Materials and Technology Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 1-1 Asahidai Nomi Ishikawa 923-1292 Japan Birck Nanotechnology Center Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University 1205 West State Street West Lafayette Indiana 47907-2057 USA

We study the effect of dynamical tunneling on emission from ray-chaotic microcavities by introducing a suitably designed deformed disk cavity. We focus on its high quality factor modes strongly localized along a stable periodic ray orbit confined by total internal reflection. It is shown that dominant emission originates from the tunneling from the periodic ray orbit to chaotic ones; the latter eventually escape from the cavity refractively, resulting in directional emission that is unexpected from the geometry of the periodic orbit, but fully explained by unstable manifolds of chaotic ray dynamics. Experimentally performing selective excitation of those modes, we succeeded in observing the directional emission in good agreement with theoretical prediction. This provides decisive experimental evidence of dynamical tunneling in a ray-chaotic microcavity.

关键词： Refractive index

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Strained-$\hbox{Si}_{1 - x}\hbox{Ge}_{x}/\hbox{Si}$ Band-to-Band Tunneling Transistors: Impact of Tunnel-Junction Germanium Composition and Doping Concentration on Switching Behavior

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IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 2009年第10期56卷 2264-2269页

作者： Osama M. Nayfeh Judy L. Hoyt Dimitri A. Antoniadis Microsystems Technology Laboratories Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA

Strained pseudomorphic Si/Si 1-x Ge x /Si gate-controlled band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) devices have been analyzed with varying Ge composition up to 57% and p+ tunnel-junction (source) doping concentration in the 10 19 -10 20 cm -3 range. Measurements show the impact of these parameters on the transfer and output characteristics. Measurements are compared to simulations using a nonlocal BTBT model to analyze the mechanisms of device operation and to understand the impact of these parameters on the device switching behavior. The measured characteristics are consistent with simulation analysis that shows a reduction in energy barrier for tunneling (E geff ) and a reduction in tunneling distance with increasing Ge composition and source doping concentration. Increases in the pseudomorphic layer Ge content and doping concentration of the tunnel junction produce large improvements in the measured switching-behavior characteristics (I on , slope, turn-on voltages, and sharpness of turn-on as a function of V ds ). Simulations are also performed to project the potential performance of more optimized structures that may be suitable for extremely low power applications (V dd < 0.4 V).

关键词： Tunneling Semiconductor process modeling Doping Current measurement Silicon Logic gates Junctions

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A H-QoS-demand personalized home physiological monitoring system over a wireless multi-hop relay network for mobile home healthcare applications

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Journal of Network and computer Applications 2009年第6期32卷 1229-1241页

作者： Lai, Chien-Chih Lee, Ren-Guey Hsiao, Chun-Chieh Liu, Hsin-Sheng Chen, Chun-Chang Department of Electronic Engineering National Taipei University of Technology Taipei 10608 Taiwan Department of Computer Information and Network Engineering Lunghwa University of Science and Technology Taoyuan 33306 Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan Information and Communications Research Laboratories Industrial Technology Research Institute Hsinchu 31040 Taiwan

For the elderly and chronic patients with cardiovascular disease who live alone, it is necessary to constantly monitor their physiological parameters, especially the electrocardiogram (ECG), to effectively prevent and control their health condition and even to provide urgent treatment or care while an emergency such as the abnormal variation of heart rate (HR) occurs. In this paper, a wireless in-home physiological monitoring system, based on multi-hop relay communications, which can ubiquitously and continuously monitor the patient's ECG at any time or any place at home without space limit and the "dead spot" due to the extended communication coverage by multi-hop wireless connectivity, is proposed. The system consists of a mobile-care device, which is responsible for capturing and wirelessly sending the patient's ECG data, a wireless multi-hop relay network (WMHRN) that is in charge of relaying the data sent by the former, and a residential gateway (RG), which is responsible for gathering and uploading the received ECG data to the remote care server through the Internet to carry out the patient's health condition monitoring and the management of pathological data. However, in order to assure that the ECG data can be effectively and timely forwarded, from the mobile-care device to the RG through the WMHRN, to meet the healthcare quality of service (H-QoS) demand for reliable and real-time end-to-end ECG transmission, the analysis of WMHRN latency in data-forwarding stage and the deployment consideration of wireless relay nodes are investigated in detail in this work. Moreover, an emergency alert service using short message service (SMS), based on the detection of abnormal variation of HR, is also used in the RG to further enhance the healthcare service quality. A prototype of this system has been developed and implemented. Finally, the experimental results are presented to verify the feasibility of the proposed system. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electrocardiograms

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CNT-based gas ionizers with integrated MEMS gate for portable mass spectrometry applications

CNT-based gas ionizers with integrated MEMS gate for portabl...

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TRANSDUCERS 2009 - 15th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and microsystems

作者： Velásquez-García, L.F. Gassend, B. Akinwande, A.I. Microsystems Technology Laboratories Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA United States Exponent Inc. Menlo Park CA United States Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781424441938

We report the fabrication and experimental characterization of a novel low-cost carbon nanotube (CNT)-based electron impact ionizer (EII) with integrated gate for portable mass spectrometry applications. The device achieves low-voltage ionization using sparse forests of plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposited (PECVD) CNTs field emitter tips, and a proximal gate with open apertures to facilitate electron transmission. The gate is integrated using a deep reactive ion etched (DRIE) springbased high-voltage MEMS packaging technology. The device also includes a high aspect-ratio silicon structure (μ foam) that facilitates sparse CNT growth and limits the electron current per emitter. The devices were tested as field emitters in high vacuum (10 -8 Torr). Electron emission starts at a gate voltage of 110 V, and reaches a current of 9 uA at 250 V (2.25 mW) with more than 55% of the electrons transmitted through the gate apertures. The devices were also tested as electron impact ionizers using Argon. The experimental data demonstrates that the CNT-EIIs can operate at mtorr-level pressures while delivering 60 nA of ion current at 250 V with about 1% ionization efficiency. ©2009 IEEE.

关键词： Carbon nanotubes

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On-Wafer Seamless Integration of GaN and Si (100) Electronics

On-Wafer Seamless Integration of GaN and Si (100) Electronic...

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IEEE Symposium on Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit (CSICS)

作者： Jin Wook Chung Bin Lu Tomas Palacios Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Microsystems Technology Laboratories Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA

The high thermal stability of nitride semiconductors allows for the on-wafer integration of (001)Si CMOS electronics and electronic devices based on these semiconductors. This paper describes the technology developed at MIT to seamlessly integrate GaN and Si transistors in very close proximity (<5 mum). This integration, the first of any III-V field effect transistor with (001) Si electronics, enables tremendous new possibilities to circuit and system designers. For example, we will study the use of hybrid GaN-Si circuits to improve the power distribution networks in Si microprocessors.

关键词： Gallium nitride Substrates CMOS technology HEMTs MODFETs Frequency Radiofrequency amplifiers Gallium arsenide MOSFETs Epitaxial growth

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Electrostatic discharge robustness of Si nanowire field-effect transistors

IEEE Electron Device Letters

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IEEE Electron Device Letters 2009年第9期30卷 969-971页

作者： Liu, Wen Liou, Juin J. Chung, Andy Jeong, Yoon-Ha Chen, Wei-Chen Lin, Horg-Chih School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Central Florida Orlando FL 32816 United States National Center for Nanomaterials Technology Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 790-784 Korea Republic of Department of Electronics Engineering Institute of Electronics National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300 Taiwan National Nano Device Laboratories Hsinchu 300 Taiwan

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) performance of N-type double-gated Si nanowire (NW) thin-film transistors is investigated, for the first time, using the transmission line pulsing technique. The ESD robustness of these devices depends on the NW dimension, number of channels, plasma treatment, and layout topology. The failure currents, leakage currents, and on-state resistances are characterized, and possible ESD protection applications of these devices for future NW field-effect-transistor-based integrated circuits are also discussed. © 2009 IEEE.

关键词： Electrostatic devices

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Sub- 15 nm nanoimprint molds and pattern transfer

Sub- 15 nm nanoimprint molds and pattern transfer

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作者： Morecroft, Debbie Yang, Joel K. W. Schuster, S. Berggren, Karl K. Xia, Qiangfei Wu, Wei Williams, R. Stanley Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 United States Information and Quantum Systems Lab Hewlett-Packard Laboratories Palo Alto CA 94304 United States

This work addresses the challenges in fabricating sub- 10 nm sized features, dense (sub- 15 nm half-pitch) arbitrary-pattern nanoimprint molds, as well as pattern transfer of the molds using nanoimprint. The molds were fabricated using an optimized electron-beam lithography process with hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) resist. Two different mold-processing routes were investigated: (1) HSQ patterns on top of a silicon substrate were directly used for nanoimprint and (2) the HSQ patterns on the mold were transferred into the underlying silicon substrate to increase the aspect ratio of the patterns prior to imprint. After the nanoimprint, lift-off was carried out to demonstrate that the pattern could be transferred into functional materials. The difference between the two mold-processing routes is discussed. The results show excellent resolution transfer throughout the process flow to create sub- 15 nm half-pitch patterns in functional materials. © 2009 American Vacuum Society.

关键词： Molds

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