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Template-based Automatic Segmentation of Masseter Using Prior Knowledge

Template-based Automatic Segmentation of Masseter Using Prio...

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IEEE Southwest Symposium on Image Analysis and Interpretation

作者： H.P. Ng S.H. Ong P.S. Goh K.W.C. Foong W.L. Nowinski Biomedical Imaging Laboratory Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering NUS Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Sun Microsystems Singapore Department of Diagnostic Radiology National University of Singapore Sun Microsystems Singapore Department of Preventive Dentistry National University of Singapore Sun Microsystems Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)1424400694

In this paper, we propose a knowledge-based, fully automatic methodology for segmenting the masseter, which is a muscle of mastication, from 2-D magnetic resonance (MR) images for clinical purposes. To our knowledge, there is currently no methodology which automatically segments the masseter from MR images. Our methodology uses five ground truths, where the masseter has been manually segmented and verified by medical experts, to serve as the reference and provide prior knowledge. The prior knowledge involved is the spatial relationship between the region of interest (ROI) of the head and ROI of the masseter. In the segmentation process, anisotropic diffusion first smoothens the ROI of the latter, and thresholding removes unwanted neighboring regions of the masseter. A template of the masseter is then used to obtain an initial segmentation of the muscle, which serves as the initialization to the gradient vector flow (GVF) snake for refining the initial segmentation. We performed 2-D segmentation of the masseter on a total of 25 MR images, which belong to the mid-facial region through the mandible from five data sets. Validation was done by comparing the segmentation results obtained by using our proposed methodology against manual segmentations done by medical experts, obtaining an average accuracy of 92%

关键词： Image segmentation Masticatory muscles Biomedical imaging Surgery Head Bones Medical diagnostic imaging Image processing Biomedical engineering Knowledge engineering

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Design of a CMOS VCO with two tuning inputs applied for a wideband GFSK-modulated frequency synthesizer

Design of a CMOS VCO with two tuning inputs applied for a wi...

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IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS formerly RAWCON)

作者： K.C. Peng C.H. Huang C.J. Li T.S. Horng S.F. Lee Department of Computer and Communication Engineering National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung Taiwan Computer and Communications Research Laboratories Industrial Technology and Research Institute HsinChu Taiwan

This paper describes the design considerations of a 2.4 GHz CMOS voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with two tuning inputs when used in a wideband GFSK-modulated frequency synthesizer based on a two-point delta-sigma modulation (TPDSM) architecture. One tuning input is provided mainly for the fractional-TV frequency synthesis, and the other one is for the direct GFSK modulation. In the VCO design, the tuning sensitivity for GFSK modulation is optimized including the effects of digital-to-analog converter (DAC). In addition, the size of spiral inductor in the LC tank is minimized without the cost of reducing quality (Q) factor. The implemented TPDSM-based GFSK-modulated frequency synthesizer can achieve a maximum data rate of up to 2.5 Mbps with an FSK error less than 1.4% and a phase-locked loop (PLL) settling time less than 110 /spl mu/s. The modulated frequency synthesizer with such good performances has promising application potential in a low-power solution for the enhanced data rate (EDR) Bluetooth transmitters.

关键词： Voltage-controlled oscillators Tuning Wideband Frequency synthesizers Frequency shift keying Phase locked loops Delta-sigma modulation Digital modulation Design optimization Digital-analog conversion

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Medical Image Segmentation Using K-Means Clustering and Improved Watershed Algorithm

Medical Image Segmentation Using K-Means Clustering and Impr...

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IEEE Southwest Symposium on Image Analysis and Interpretation

作者： H.P. Ng S.H. Ong K.W.C. Foong P.S. Goh W.L. Nowinski Biomedical Imaging Laboratory Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering NUS Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Sun Microsystems Singapore Department of Preventive Dentistry National University of Singapore Sun Microsystems Singapore Department of Diagnostic Radiology National University of Singapore Sun Microsystems Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)1424400694

We propose a methodology that incorporates k-means and improved watershed segmentation algorithm for medical image segmentation. The use of the conventional watershed algorithm for medical image analysis is widespread because of its advantages, such as always being able to produce a complete division of the image. However, its drawbacks include over-segmentation and sensitivity to false edges. We address the drawbacks of the conventional watershed algorithm when it is applied to medical images by using k-means clustering to produce a primary segmentation of the image before we apply our improved watershed segmentation algorithm to it. The k-means clustering is an unsupervised learning algorithm, while the improved watershed segmentation algorithm makes use of automated thresholding on the gradient magnitude map and post-segmentation merging on the initial partitions to reduce the number of false edges and over-segmentation. By comparing the number of partitions in the segmentation maps of 50 images, we showed that our proposed methodology produced segmentation maps which have 92% fewer partitions than the segmentation maps produced by the conventional watershed algorithm

关键词： Biomedical imaging Image segmentation Clustering algorithms Medical diagnostic imaging Partitioning algorithms Pixel Image edge detection Rain Surface morphology Surface topography

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Real-time imaging using a 4.3-THz quantum cascade laser and a 240×320 element focal-plane array

Real-time imaging using a 4.3-THz quantum cascade laser and ...

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Alan Wei Min Lee Sushil Kumar Benjamin S. Williams Qing Hu John L. Reno Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA US Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA Department 1123 Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque New Mexico Department 1123 Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque New Mexico USA

A real-time reflection/transmission imaging system is demonstrated using a 50-mW, 4.3-THz quantum cascade laser source in a closed-cycle cryorefrigerator, with a 240times320 pixel microbolometer detector. A signal-to-... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)1557528136

关键词： Quantum cascade lasers Imaging Reflection Real time systems Arrays Laser modes Silicon

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Silicon Electronic Photonic Integrated Circuits for High Speed Analog to Digital Conversion

Silicon Electronic Photonic Integrated Circuits for High Spe...

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IEEE International Conference on Group IV Photonics

作者： F.X. Kartner R. Amataya G. Barbastathis H. Byun F. Gan C.W. Holzwarth J.L. Hoyt E.P. Ippen O.O. Olubuyide J.S. Orcutt M. Park M. Perrott M.A. Popovic P.T. Rakich R.J. Ram H.I. Smith M. Geis M. Grein T. Lyszczarz S. Spector J.U. Yoon Lincoln Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lexington MA USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA Microsystems Technology Laboratories Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA

Integrated optical components on the silicon platform and optically enhanced electronic sampling circuits are demonstrated that enable the fabrication of a variety of electronic-photonic A/D converter chips surpassing... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)1424400953

关键词： Silicon Photonic integrated circuits Analog-digital conversion Filter bank Optical filters Sampling methods High speed optical techniques Optical feedback Ultrafast optics Wavelength division multiplexing

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Compact iterative field effect transistor model

Compact iterative field effect transistor model

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2006 NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show - NSTI Nanotech 2006 Technical Proceedings

作者： Shur, M.S. Turin, V.O. Veksler, D. Ytterdal, T. Iñiguez, B. Jackson, W. Department of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY 12180-3590 United States Department of Physics Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY 12180-3590 United States Department of Physical Electronics Norwegian University of Science and Technology N-7034 Trondheim Norway EEEA Universitat Rovira i Virgili 43007 Tarragona Spain Hewlett-Packard Laboratories Palo Alto CA 94304 United States

We propose an iterative approach that uses a simple seven-parameter model (based on Unified Charge Control Model - UCCM [1]). This first-order approximation model accounts for the velocity saturation in the device channel, for source and drain series resistance, and for drain barrier lowering. The Universal Current Model (UCM) is used for the output current-voltage characteristics. All other non ideal effects are accounted for using iterations based on the values of the TFT current obtained using this basic model. As examples, we consider the effects of the source and drain series resistance on the linearity of the current voltage characteristics at low drain biases, the effect of the current dependent source series resistance, and the effect of the gate-dependent field effect mobility on the current-voltage characteristics.

关键词： Gates (transistor)

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A Very High Performance Address BUS Encoder

A Very High Performance Address BUS Encoder

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Proceedings of 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems,Volume 4

作者： H. Parandeh-Afshar A. Afzali-Kusha A. Khakifirooz Nanoelectronics Center of Excellence School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Microsystems Technology Laboratories Massachusetts Institute of Technology USA

This paper presents a very fast and low-power address bus encoder which is less dependent on address bus width. Its encoding scheme is the same as T0-XOR encoding method but its encoder and decoder architectures are much faster. Both the analytical analysis and the simulation results show that the delay of proposed architecture is about one third of delay of optimized T0-XOR encoder/decoder.

关键词： Encoding Decoding Delay Paper technology Power dissipation Central Processing Unit Control systems Nanoelectronics laboratories Analytical models

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Substrate engineering concepts to mitigate charge collection in deep trench isolation technologies

Substrate engineering concepts to mitigate charge collection...

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作者： Pellish, Jonathan A. Reed, Robert A. Schrimpf, Ronald D. Alles, Michael L. Varadharajaperumal, Muthubalan Niu, Guofu Sutton, Akil K. Diestelhorst, Ryan M. Espinel, Gustavo Krithivasan, Ramkumar Comeau, Jonathan P. Cressler, John D. Vizkelethy, Gyorgy Marshall, Paul W. Weller, Robert A. Mendenhall, Marcus H. Montes, Enrique J. IEEE Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 United States Vanderbilt University Free Electron Laser Center Nashville TN 37235 United States Auburn University Auburn AL 36849 United States Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 United States Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque NM 87185-1056 United States

Delayed charge collection from ionizing events outside the deep trench can increase the SEU cross section in deep trench isolation technologies. Microbeam test data and device simulations demonstrate how this adverse effect can be mitigated through substrate engineering techniques. The addition of a heavily doped p-type charge-blocking buried layer in the substrate can reduce the delayed charge collection from events that occur outside the deep trench isolation by almost an order of magnitude, implying an approximately comparable reduction in the SEU cross section. © 2006 IEEE.

关键词： Gates (transistor)

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Micromachined spatial filters for quantum cascade lasers

Micromachined spatial filters for quantum cascade lasers

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17th International Symposium on Space Terahertz technology 2006, ISSTT 2006

作者： Hedden, Abigail Pütz, Patrick D'Aubigny, C. Golish, Dathon Groppi, Christopher Walker, Christopher Williams, Benjamin Hu, Qing Reno, John Steward Observatory University of Arizona 933 N. Cherry Ave Tucson AZ 85721 United States KOSMA I. Physikalisches Institut der Universität zu Köln Zülpicher Str. 77 50937 Köln Germany Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 United States Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque NM 87185 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781604239751

Quantum Cascade Lasers (QCL) are the most promising technology for producing compact, high power (> 1 mW), coherent signal sources above 2 THz. Due to their small size (10 μm × 25 μm) and rectangular cross-section, the output beam from a QCL laser cavity is highly divergent and non-Gaussian. A single mode Gaussian beam is desirable for efficient coupling to optical systems. We have designed a waveguide spatial filter for this purpose. The 2.7 THz spatial filter consists of two diagonal feed horns connected by one wavelength of square waveguide (92 μm on a side). The mode filtering efficiency and far field beam pattern of the structure have been modeled in CST Microwave Studio. We have fabricated the filter in tellurium copper using a Kern MMP micromilling machine. We present measurements of the QCL's throughput and emergent power pattern with and without the filter. Our preliminary findings suggest that spatial filtering significantly improves the QCL beam pattern, and further measurements are being made to more rigorously explore these results.

关键词： Bandpass filters

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Antenna Model for Terahertz Cascade Wire Lasers

Antenna Model for Terahertz Cascade Wire Lasers

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International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves

作者： E. E. Orlova J. N. Hovenier T. O. Klaassen I. Kasalynas A. J. L. Adam J. R. Gao T. M. Klapwijk B. S. Williams S. Kumar Q. Hu J. L. Reno Institute for Physics of Microstructures RAS Russia Kavli Institute of NanoScience Delft Delft University of Technology Delft CJ The Netherlands Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA U.S.A. Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque NM U.S.A.

ISBN: (纸本)1424403995

Highly divergent radiation is expected from lasers with sub-wavelength apertures due to diffraction. However the short range variations of intensity have been observed in the far field of THz quantum cascade lasers with sub-wavelength apertures. We developed an antenna model for long lasers with subwavelength transverse dimensions (wire lasers). Based on this model we show that the observed far field variations are formed due to the interference of the radiation from the longitudinal mode distribution. We predict that radiation from subwavelength wire laser can be concentrated in a narrow beam with a divergence determined by the ratio of the wavelength to the length of the laser.

关键词： Wire Laser modes Quantum cascade lasers Apertures Waveguide lasers Laser beams Antenna accessories Laser theory laboratories Diffraction

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