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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： Sadia Noureen Iqrar Hussain Syed Alaa Awad Abdellatif Muhammad Qasim Mehmood Yehia Massoud Department of Electrical Engineering Information Technology University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan Department of Computer Science and Engineering College of Engineering Qatar University Qatar Innovative Technologies Laboratories (ITL) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Saudi Arabia

Owing to ample potential and versatile capabilities of artificial intelligence to solve intricate scientific problems, two regression-based artificial neural network (ANN) models are proposed to design and optimize nano-structured meta-atoms. The proposed forward predicting ANN depicts that considering the complete structural and material information of the cylindrical nano-pillar meta-atoms could predict the corresponding electromagnetic (EM) response (amplitude and phase of transmission) with a mean squared error (MSE) as low as $\mathbf{2.1}\times \mathbf{10}^{-\mathbf{3}}$ . Thus, it replaces the conventional EM simulations performed using high-end commercial software's, while significantly saving time and computational resources. Inverse design deep-learning model is also presented, which is connected with the pre-trained forward model and trained in a tandem architecture to provide an optimum set of dimensions and material, given the target response as its input. Furthermore, a comparative study regarding the number of hidden layers of the ANN and the amount of training dataset size is performed for the proposed forward and tandem inverse models to analyze the effect of considering extra underlying physics related information, i.e., wavelength regime and the EM spectral information. This study reveals that considering the extra information can lead to a significant reduction in the obtained MSE. Specifically, the proposed model could achieve a decent MSE even with a smaller amount of training dataset. Hence, the use of artificial intelligence models significantly reduces the training time and computational complexity of the proposed solution.

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GaN Field Emitter Arrays with JA of 10 A/cm2 at VGE = 50 V for Power Applications

GaN Field Emitter Arrays with JA of 10 A/cm2 at VGE = 50 V f...

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International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM)

作者： P.-C. Shih T. Zheng M. J. Arellano-Jimenez B. Gnade A. I. Akinwande T. Palacios Microsystems Technology Laboratories Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge USA Electrical and Computer Engineering Southern Methodist University Dallas TX USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Texas at Dallas Richardson TX USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781665489607

III-Nitrides are attractive as field emission devices for high frequency, high power, and harsh environment applications. A wet-based digital etching and a novel device geometry was used to demonstrate GaN vertical self-aligned-gate (SAG) field emitter arrays (FEA) with uniform tips of sub-10 nm tip radius. The best GaN FEA has a current density $(J_{A})$ of 10 A/cm 2 at $V_{GE} =50V$, which is better than the state-of-the-art Si field emitter arrays at the same bias condition.

关键词： Geometry Silicon compounds Field emitter arrays Three-dimensional displays Planarization Metals Logic gates

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Multi-color solitons and frequency combs in microresonators

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Optics Express 2025年第10期33卷 21824-21835页

作者： Menyuk, Curtis R. Shandilya, Pradyoth Courtright, Logan Moille, Grégory Srinivasan, Kartik Computer Science and Electrical Engineering Department University of Maryland Baltimore County BaltimoreMD21250 United States Joint Quantum Institute NIST University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division National Institute of Standards and Technology GaithersburgMD20899 United States

Multi-color solitons that are parametrically created in dual-pumped microresonators generate interleaved frequency combs that can be used to obtain combs at new frequencies and, when synchronized, can be used for low-noise microwave generation and potentially as an element in a chip-scale clockwork. Here, we first derive three-wave equations that describe multi-color solitons that appear in microresonators with a nearly quartic dispersion profile. These solitons are characterized by a single angular group velocity and different angular phase velocities. We then use these equations to explain the interleaved frequency combs that are observed at the output of the microresonator. Finally, we used these equations to describe the experimentally-observed soliton-OPO effect. In this effect, the pump frequency color interacts nonlinearly with a signal frequency color to create an idler frequency color in a new frequency range, somewhat analogous to an optical parametric oscillation (OPO) process, but in which the Kerr nonlinearity plays a role in matching the angular group velocity, analogous to soliton formation. These three colors then create an interleaved frequency comb in the output waveguide. We determine the conditions under which we expect this effect to occur. We anticipate that the three-wave equations and their extensions will be of use in designing new frequency comb systems and determining their stability and noise performance. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement.

关键词： Solitons

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Maximizing the Thermal Performance of Microheaters for Non-Volatile Phase Change Photonics: A Comparative Study of Pulse Width Parameter Effects 23

Maximizing the Thermal Performance of Microheaters for Non-V...

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23rd IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems, ITherm 2024

作者： F., Vasquez-Aza H., Sun C., Lian Y.-S., Huang S.A., Vitale I., Takeuchi J., Hu N., Youngblood C.A.R., Ocampo G., Pavlidis University of Connecticut School of Mechanical Aerospace and Manufacturing Engineering StorrsCT06269 United States University of Maryland Department of Materials Science and Engineering College ParkMD20742 United States University of Maryland Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics College ParkMD20742 United States Mit Lincoln Laboratory Advanced Materials and Microsystems Group LexingtonMA02139 United States University of Maryland Quantum Materials Center Department of Physics College ParkMD20742 United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Materials & Science Engineering CambridgeMA02139 United States The University of Pittsburgh Electrical & Computer Engineering Department PittsburghPA15213 United States

ISBN: (数字)9798350364330

ISBN: (纸本)9798350364330

Guiding, manipulating, and detecting light is integral to modern photonic systems that can be designed for displays, memory, data transfer, and sensors. The prospect of realizing programmable yet zero-static power photonics has recently gained attention thanks to the rise of optical phase change materials (PCMs). PCMs have a unique set of properties that make them desirable for this task: nonvolatile retention and reversible switching between their amorphous and crystalline states, which, in addition, display distinct optical and electronic properties. Nonvolatile photonic devices have primarily relied on either electrical or optical switching of PCMs. electrical switching offers effortless CMOS integration;however, it is predominantly limited to binary output. In contrast, optical switching enables accurate multilevel control but is limited in scalability. This paper studies an alternative electro-thermal approach to nonvolatile photonics by controlling the PCM phase via doped silicon microheaters. The results highlight the significance of precise spatial and temporal temperature control to ensure optimal modulation of the PCM. Specifically, this paper investigates the impact of the electric pulse width (0.2 μs to 10 μs) on the maximum temperature for two different microheater designs. High resolution (≈410 nm) transient thermoreflectance imaging (TTI) is used to measure and analyze the surface temperature distribution across each microheater under pulsed biasing. To assess the impact of varying pulse widths, this study systematically examines their effects on maximum temperature, response time, and maximum power. Shorter pulse widths ( 1 μs) provide greater thermal stability but exhibit reduced maximum temperatures due to limited current levels. The experimental results demonstrate a nonlinear relationship between the peak temperature and the power supplied at sub-steady state thermalization time scales. For the specific microheater geometry, the optimal pulse wid

关键词： Photonic integration technology

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An Enhanced Resource Selection Scheme for Efficient Intra-Platoon Message Delivery

An Enhanced Resource Selection Scheme for Efficient Intra-Pl...

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2024 IEEE Global Communications Conference, GLOBECOM 2024

作者： Wang, Bingying Zheng, Jun Li, Cheng Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology School of Electronics and Information Engineering Nanjing210044 China Southeast University National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security Nanjing210096 China Purple Mountain Laboratories Nanjing211111 China Simon Fraser University School of Engineering Science BurnabyBCV5A 1S6 Canada Memorial University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering St. John'sNLA1B 3X5 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798350351255

This paper proposes an enhanced resource selection (eInP-RS) scheme for efficient intra-platoon message delivery of cooperative awareness messages (CAMs) and decentralized environmental notification messages (DENMs). To achieve this goal, the eInP-RS scheme allows each vehicle to transmit CAM and DENM packets on a C-V2X channel (CH1) and an 802.11p channel (CH2), separately, and introduces four mechanisms to enhance the standardized sensing-based SPS scheme. A contention window (CW) size adjustment mechanism is introduced to enable a vehicle to adjust its CW size according to the information it collects on CH1 in order to avoid potential packet collisions on CH2;a resource partition mechanism is introduced to divide frequency-time resources in a selection window into two sets in order for vehicles moving in opposite directions to select different resources and thus avoid potential merging collisions on CH1;an intra-platoon cooperation mechanism is introduced to enable the PL of a platoon to know the resource and channel occupation information of the platoon's hidden nodes on CH1 and CH2;and a packet collision detection mechanism is used to enable a non-platoon vehicle to detect packet collisions occurring on both channels after a lane-changing maneuver to avoid potential merging collisions. Simulation results show that the proposed eInP-RS scheme outperforms the standardized sensing-based SPS scheme in terms of the intra-platoon CAM/DENM delivery ratio and the average intra-platoon DENM delivery delay. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Magnetic levitation vehicles

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Low Power Hardware Architecture for Sampling-free Bayesian Neural Networks inference

Low Power Hardware Architecture for Sampling-free Bayesian N...

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： Antonios-Kyrillos Chatzimichail Charalampos Antoniadis Nikolaos Bellas Yehia Massoud Innovative Technologies Laboratories (ITL) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Thessaly Volos Greece

Standard NNs should not be employed mindlessly in critical applications due to their incapability to express the uncertainty of their predictions. On the other hand, Bayesian Neural Networks (BNNs) can measure the uncertainty of their predictions. There are two methods for BNN inference, the Monte Carlo-based method, which requires the sampling of weights distributions and multiple inference iterations, and moment propagation, where the mean and variance of a normal distribution are propagated through the BNN. Hardware implementations of moment propagation BNN inference consume less power than Monte Carlo because they complete the inference in a single forward pass. However, because the propagation of distribution moments through nonlinear activation functions leads to large hardware designs, these functions are usually approximated by polynomials. Hardware implementations of moment propagation have been studied solely for fully-connected neural networks while lacking optimal accuracy due to the approximation of the ReLU activation function with a single polynomial term. Therefore, in this work, we add one more polynomial term in the approximation of ReLU, providing better accuracy with negligible additional hardware. We also propose a polynomial approximation for another common activation function, tanh, and extend the hardware implementation to Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed approximation of ReLU outperforms the previously suggested single-term polynomial by achieving up to 5.9% higher accuracy with merely up to 0.029 $W$ power overhead.

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A Comparative Analysis of SiC MOSFET Performance in a Traction Inverter

A Comparative Analysis of SiC MOSFET Performance in a Tracti...

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IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems

作者： Chih-Chiang Wu Uma Sankar Rout Yu-Long Wang Yi-Ling Lin Jwu-Sheng Hu Mechanical and Mechatronics Systems Research Laboratories Industrial Technology Research Institute Hsinchu R.O.C. Department of Electrical Engineering&Computer Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University

ISBN: (数字)9798350378771

ISBN: (纸本)9798350378788

This study rigorously tests and verifies silicon carbide (SiC) power modules within a developed 800 V electric vehicle traction inverter. SiC traction inverters offer high efficiency, power density, and compact size. The developed SiCbased traction inverter is thoroughly evaluated on the established platform with various switching frequency, achieving a peak drive efficiency exceeding 98% at 6 kHz and a power density of $50 \mathrm{~kW} / \mathrm{L}$.

关键词： Power system measurements MOSFET Silicon carbide Density measurement Circuits and systems Switching frequency Asia Multichip modules Electric vehicles Inverters

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Coherent magnon-induced domain wall motion in a magnetic insulator channel

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Fan, Yabin Gross, Miela J. Fakhrul, Takian Finley, Joseph Hou, Justin T. Liu, Luqiao Ross, Caroline A. Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Microsystems Technology Laboratories Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States

Advancing the development of spin-wave devices requires high-quality low-damping magnetic materials where magnon spin currents can propagate efficiently and interact effectively with local magnetic textures. We show that magnetic domain walls (DW) can modulate spin-wave transport in perpendicularly magnetized channels of Bi-doped yttrium-iron-garnet (BiYIG). Conversely, we demonstrate that the magnon spin current can drive DW motion in the BiYIG channel device by means of magnon spin-transfer torque. The DW can be reliably moved over 15 µm distances at zero applied magnetic field by a magnon spin current excited by an RF pulse as short as 1 ns. The required energy for driving DW motion is orders of magnitude smaller than those reported for metallic systems. These results facilitate low-switching-energy magnonic devices and circuits where magnetic domains can be efficiently reconfigured by magnon spin currents flowing within magnetic channels. © 2022, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Domain walls

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Human impedance modulation to improve visuo-haptic perception

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PLoS Computational Biology 2025年第5 May期21卷 e1013042页

作者： Cheng, Xiaoxiao Shen, Shixian Ivanova, Ekaterina Carboni, Gerolamo Takagi, Atsushi Burdet, Etienne Department of Bioengineering Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine London United Kingdom Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Manchester Manchester United Kingdom School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom NTT Communication Science Laboratories NTT R&D Kanagawa Japan

Humans activate muscles to shape the mechanical interaction with their environment, but can they harness this control mechanism to best sense the environment? We investigated how participants adapt their muscle activation to visual and haptic information when tracking a randomly moving target with a robotic interface. The results exhibit a differentiated effect of these sensory modalities, where participants’ muscle coactivation increases with the haptic noise and decreases with the visual noise, in apparent contradiction to previous results. These results can be explained when considering muscle spring-like mechanics, where stiffness increases with coactivation to regulate motion guidance. Increasing coactivation to more closely follow the motion plan favors accurate visual over haptic information, while decreasing it filters visual noise and relies more on accurate haptic information. We formulated this active sensing mechanism as the optimization of visuo-haptic information and effort. This optimal information and effort (OIE) model can explain the adaptation of muscle activity to unimodal and multimodal sensory information when interacting with fixed or dynamic environments, or with another human, and can be used to optimize human-robot interaction. © 2025 Cheng et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

关键词： Human robot interaction

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A SiC-Based 243 kW 60 kW/L Electric Vehicle Traction Inverter

A SiC-Based 243 kW 60 kW/L Electric Vehicle Traction Inverte...

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IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE

作者： Chih-Chiang Wu Uma Sankar Rout Hsin-Ping Chou Jwu-Sheng Hu Mechanical and Mechatronics Systems Research Laboratories Industrial Technology Research Institute Hsinchu Taiwan R.O.C. Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu

ISBN: (数字)9798350376067

ISBN: (纸本)9798350376074

This paper investigates the evolving landscape of EV traction inverters, addressing key technical goals outlined by US Drive and analyzing parameters such as voltage, power density, and efficiency. Through innovative methodologies, a high-efficiency SiC-based traction inverter is developed to overcome challenges like spatial constraints. Leveraging international benchmarks, a cutting-edge SiC-based 800V 243 kW traction inverter with a power density of 60 kW/L is presented, poised to surpass US Drive's 2025 targets. This study emphasizes SiC technology's role in advancing EV propulsion systems towards sustainable and efficient transportation solutions.

关键词： Power system measurements Inductance Density measurement Silicon carbide Transportation Voltage Propulsion Electric vehicles Inverters Safety

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