Emission mechanisms of the device-quality quantum well (QW) structure and bulk three dimensional (3D) InGaN materials grown on sapphire substrates without any epitaxial lateral overgrown GaN (ELOG) base layers were in...
Emission mechanisms of the device-quality quantum well (QW) structure and bulk three dimensional (3D) InGaN materials grown on sapphire substrates without any epitaxial lateral overgrown GaN (ELOG) base layers were investigated. The InxGx1−xN layers showed various degree of spatial potential (bandgap) fluctuation, which is probably due to a compositional inhomogeneity or monolayer thickness fluctuation produced by some kinetic driving forces initiated by the threading dislocations (TDs) or growth steps during the growth. The degree of fluctuation changed remarkably around nominal InN molar fraction x=0.2, which changes to nearly 8–10 % for the strained InxGa1−xN. This potential fluctuation induces energy tail states both in QW and 3D InGaN, showing a large Stokes-like shift combined with the red shift due to quantum confined Stark effect (QCSE) induced by the piezoelectric field. The spontaneous emission from undoped InGaN single quantum well (SQW) light-emitting diodes (LED’s), undoped 3D double heterostructure (DH) LED’s, and multiple quantum well (MQW) laser diode (LD) wafers was assigned as being due to the recombination of excitons localized at the potential minima, whose area was determined by cathodoluminescence (CL) mapping to vary from less than 60 nm to 300 nm in lateral size in the case of QW’s. The lasing mechanisms of the cw In0.15Gao.85N MQW LD’s having small potential fluctuation, whose bandgap broadenings are less than about 50 meV, can be described by the well-known electron-hole-plasma (EIHP) picture with Coulomb enhancement. The inhomogenous MQW LD’s are considered to lase by EHP in segmented QW’s or Q-disks. It is desirable to use entire QW planes with small potential inhomogeneity as gain media for higher performance LD operation.
We present a summary of recent progress towards the understanding of the valence-band physics in wurtzite GaN. Systematic studies have been performed on the strain dependence of the free exciton resonance energies by ...
We present a summary of recent progress towards the understanding of the valence-band physics in wurtzite GaN. Systematic studies have been performed on the strain dependence of the free exciton resonance energies by photoreflectance measurements using well-characterized samples. Analyzing the experimental data with the Hamiltonian appropriate for the valence bands, the values have been determined of the crystal field splitting, the spin-orbit splitting, the shear deformation potential constants, and the energy gap in the unstrained crystal. Discussions are given on the strain dependence of the energy gaps, of the effective masses, and of the binding energies for the free exciton ground states as well as on the valence band parameters. Using the obtained values and the generalized Elliott formula, the fundamental optical absorption spectra obtained experimentally were analyzed. The values of the elastic stiffness constants, which play a crucial role to determine the shear deformation potential constants, are also given.
Thin film bulk acoustic wave resonators(TFRs) show considerable promise as a silicon compatible integrated solution for RF bandpass filters with center frequencies in the 1-2 GHz range. This paper presents a VLSI comp...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780333942
Thin film bulk acoustic wave resonators(TFRs) show considerable promise as a silicon compatible integrated solution for RF bandpass filters with center frequencies in the 1-2 GHz range. This paper presents a VLSI compatible sealed cavity TFR process using reactively sputtered AlN as the piezoelectric film. The devices are free-standing and have a fundamental longitudinal resonance at 1.36 GHz with an insertion loss of 3.5 dB, a K-eff(2) of .4%, and a Q(series) of 210.
The interaction of a soliton of the Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation (NSE) with a weak sinusoidal wave packet is treated analytically, The second-order soliton solution containing the original soliton and a perturbing s...
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The interaction of a soliton of the Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation (NSE) with a weak sinusoidal wave packet is treated analytically, The second-order soliton solution containing the original soliton and a perturbing soliton is expanded to first order in the amplitude of the perturbating soliton, From this expansion, one obtains the associate function of Gordon [4] and a continuous change of position and phase of the perturbed soliton, One finds that the soliton experiences a second-order change of velocity under the influence of the perturbation. This result is then used to derive the displacement due to a wave packet of general shape, which is also confirmed by computer simulation.
Coplanar waveguides were fabricated in standard complimentary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) with postprocessing micromachining. IC's were designed with commercial CAD tools, fabricated through the MOSIS(1) serv...
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Coplanar waveguides were fabricated in standard complimentary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) with postprocessing micromachining. IC's were designed with commercial CAD tools, fabricated through the MOSIS(1) service, and subsequently suspended by maskless top-side etching, Absence of the lossy silicon substrate after etching results in significantly improved insertion loss characteristics, dispersion characteristics, and phase velocity, Measurements were performed at frequencies from 1 to 40 GHz, before and after micromachining, These show improvement in loss characteristics of orders of magnitude, For the micromachined line, loss does not exceed 4 dB/cm. Before etching, loss as high as 38 dB/cm is measured, Phase velocity nu(p) approximate to 0.8 . c is achieved for the micromachined line.
This study presents a new algorithm for improved prediction of AC hot-carrier lifetime. It is based on identifying and projecting the dominant degradation asymptote and accounts for the stress-bias-dependent degradati...
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This study presents a new algorithm for improved prediction of AC hot-carrier lifetime. It is based on identifying and projecting the dominant degradation asymptote and accounts for the stress-bias-dependent degradation rate n, and the non-linearity of the degradation time-dependence. Detailed model parameter extraction and lifetime prediction procedures are explained, and applications of the new algorithm demonstrated. Significant differences in the predicted AC-lifetimes are found between the existing and the new algorithms over a wide range of CMOS inverter designs.
Thin film bulk acoustic wave resonators (TFRs) show considerable promise as a silicon compatible integrated solution for RF bandpass filters with center frequencies in the 1-2 GHz range. This paper presents a VLSI com...
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Thin film bulk acoustic wave resonators (TFRs) show considerable promise as a silicon compatible integrated solution for RF bandpass filters with center frequencies in the 1-2 GHz range. This paper presents a VLSI compatible sealed cavity TFR process using reactively sputtered AlN as the piezoelectric film. The devices are free-standing and have a fundamental longitudinal resonance at 1.36 GHz with an insertion loss of 3.5 dB, a K/sub eff//sup 2/ of .4 %, and a Q/sub series/ of 210.
We have implemented the Volterra-series method to analyze intermodulation (IM) distortion in FET resistive mixers. The nonlinearities of the channel conductance of a NE71000 MESFET and a NE32400 HFET were first charac...
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We have implemented the Volterra-series method to analyze intermodulation (IM) distortion in FET resistive mixers. The nonlinearities of the channel conductance of a NE71000 MESFET and a NE32400 HFET were first characterized using a low-frequency harmonic power measurement. The data was then used in a simulation program and results for two-tone IM distortion in X-band were compared with the measured data for both MESFET and HFET resistive mixer circuits. Very good agreement was achieved in each case. We have also shown by simulation that the two separate contributions to the third-order IM distortion from the mixing between the input signals themselves and the mixing between the input signals and the second-order mixing products have a very strong cancellation, which results in the low IM distortion in the FET resistive mixers observed in measurements.
The progress in understanding wafer-fused vertical-cavity lasers and improvements in fabrication techniques have led to the realization of the first room-temperature continuous-wave operating 1.54-/spl mu/m vertical-c...
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The progress in understanding wafer-fused vertical-cavity lasers and improvements in fabrication techniques have led to the realization of the first room-temperature continuous-wave operating 1.54-/spl mu/m vertical-cavity lasers. By demonstrating continuous-wave operation at room temperature using vertical-cavity lasers fabricated by two wafer fusion steps, we have shown that wafer fusion is a viable technique. The lasers comprise strain compensated InGaAsP quantum-well active layers sandwiched between two AlGaAs/GaAs quarter-wave mirrors. Characteristics discussed include cavity losses, the gain-current density relationship, and voltage-current characteristics.
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