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International Conference on Cybernetics and Intelligent System (ICORIS)

作者： Jason Sebastian Sulistyawan Kuncahyo Setyo Nugroho Bens Pardamean Computer Science Department BINUS Graduate Program - Master of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia

ISBN: (数字)9798331539603

ISBN: (纸本)9798331539610

Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis has become a pivotal strategy for drug discovery within bioinformatics, especially for incurable diseases like cancer. With the increasing number of researchers starting to embrace metaheuristic methods, a review was done by gathering papers from the Google Scholar database from 2018 to 2023, which resulted in 20 papers after title, abstract, and content filtering. The findings show that the Genetic Algorithm and the Harmony Search Algorithm have become popular approaches in SNP analysis, particularly in studies on breast cancer, age-related macular degeneration, and colorectal cancer. However, the review shows that while researchers have proven most methods effective in finding disease-related SNPs, a more measurable study in SNP analysis is needed, due to the lack of elaboration on measurement metrics in the found studies.

关键词： Macular degeneration Filtering Databases Metaheuristics Time measurement Internet Drug discovery Intelligent systems Genetic algorithms Systematic literature review

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Systematic Literature Review of Transformer Model Implementations in Detecting Depression

Systematic Literature Review of Transformer Model Implementa...

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International Conference of Computer and Informatics Engineering (IC2IE)

作者： Kenjovan Nanggala Gregorius Natanael Elwirehardja Bens Pardamean Computer Science Department BINUS Graduate Program - Master of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia

This systematic literature review explores the application of transformer models in early detection of human depression, encompassing text, audio, and video data modalities. Transformer architectures, notably BERT for text, have proven adept at capturing crucial contextual and linguistic patterns associated with depression. For audio and video data, hybrid approaches that combine transformer models with other architectures are prevalent. Key features considered include eye gaze, head pose, facial muscle movements, and audio characteristics such as MFCC and Log-mel Spectrogram, along with text embeddings. Performance comparisons underscore the superiority of text-based data in consistently delivering the most promising results, followed by audio and video modalities when utilizing transformer models. The fusion of multiple modalities emerges as an effective strategy for enhancing predictive accuracy, with the amalgamation of audio, video, and text data yielding the most precise outcomes. However, it is noteworthy that unimodal approaches also exhibit potential, with text data exhibiting superior performance over audio and video data. Nevertheless, several challenges persist in this research domain, including imbalanced datasets, the limited availability of comprehensive and diverse samples, and the inherent complexities in interpreting visual cues. Addressing these challenges remains imperative for the continued advancement of depression detection using transformer-based models across various modalities.

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Implementation of Fine-Tuned BERT for Enzyme Classification Based on Gene Ontology

Implementation of Fine-Tuned BERT for Enzyme Classification ...

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International Conference of Advanced Informatics: Concept, Theory and Application (ICAICTA)

作者： Matthew Martianus Henry Christian Kenneth Bens Pardamean Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia Computer Science Department BINUS Graduate Program - Master of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia

ISBN: (数字)9798331520311

ISBN: (纸本)9798331520328

Enzymes are biocatalysts with vital roles in biological functions and many industrial applications. Diverse enzymes are classified using Enzyme Commission (EC) nomenclature, making differentiation challenging. On the other hand, another biological information, gene ontology (GO), can describe the biological aspects of enzymes, covering related biological processes (BP), molecular functions (MF), and their locations within cells (CC). This study proposes a novel EC class and subclass classification of enzymes within the ontology subclass based on their GO semantics using a Bidirectional Encoder Representation of Transformer (BERT). The BERT model is first fine-tuned using the preprocessed GO term name and definition, with the enzymes in each ontology class (BP, MF, or CC) are also divided based on how the GO assigned, either through manual annotation (NONIEA) or electronically inferred (IEA). BERT successfully obtained 0.93, 0.60, 0.99, 0.90, 0.40, and 0.35 F1 scores during fine-tuning for BP IEA, BP NONIEA, MF IEA, MF NONIEA, CC IEA, and CC NONIEA, respectively. On the test set, the fine-tuned BERT significantly outperformed GOntoSim, a framework to calculate semantic similarity based on classical information theory, in EC class classification across all metrics with less inference time in all ontology subclass. Expanded further to the EC subclass, BERT can classify the enzyme on the EC subclass level in BP IEA and MF IEA ontology subclass. However, longer epochs are needed in fine-tuning. This result shows that the names and definitions of GO terms are distinguishable features in classifying enzymes as an alternative to the information content approach.

关键词： Measurement Enzymes Semantics Bidirectional control Manuals Ontologies Transformers Encoding Biological information theory Informatics

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Pap Smear Medical Image Classification Using Deep Learning: A Systematic Review

Pap Smear Medical Image Classification Using Deep Learning: ...

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International Conference of Computer and Informatics Engineering (IC2IE)

作者： Elvan Selvano Gregorius Natanael Elwirehardja Bens Pardamean Computer Science Department BINUS Graduate Program - Master of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia

Cervical cancer has been known as one of the most prevalent medical disorders globally and a leading cause of death. Early detection, particularly through Pap tests, plays a vital role in its prevention. Previous studies have leveraged machine learning and deep learning techniques to classify the medical images obtained from Pap tests. In this study, a Systematic Literature Review methodology was used to examine 15 relevant papers that have been filtered from queries to Google Scholar which have gone through 4 stages of filtering that include: identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion. This study addresses two research questions regarding the datasets and deep learning techniques for classifying pap smear images in recent years. The performance of the models was analyzed and potential areas for improvements are suggested. The findings of this study reveal that the Herlev University Hospital and SIPaKMed datasets are the most used. The methodologies used by researchers range from machine learning techniques, transfer learning using Convolutional Neural Networks, and utilize state-of-the-art models with novel optimizing methodology. While there are exciting opportunities in the field, challenges include model generalization and interpretability.

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A Systematic Literature Review of Deep Learning Application in Multiclass Anomaly Detection for Chest Medical Imaging

A Systematic Literature Review of Deep Learning Application ...

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International Conference of Computer and Informatics Engineering (IC2IE)

作者： Philips Bens Pardamean Gregorius Natanael Elwirehardja Mahmud Isnan Computer Science Department BINUS Graduate Program - Master of Compuer Science Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia

Medical imaging abnormality detection is challenging, but deep learning approaches have shown promise. This paper reviews the current state of the art in deep learning approaches for detecting abnormalities in chest medical imaging. To discover the trends, opportunities, and challenges associated with this field, 18 studies were selected from Google Scholar based on their titles, abstracts, and contents for extensive review to answer two research questions. The study found that the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Chest X-ray 14 dataset is the most used dataset for this task. Most research uses a single-modal approach, considering only image data as input, with X-ray being the more popular instrument. There are 8 out of 18 studies leverage the transfer learning approach, with ResN et50 being the most popular network. MobileNetV2 has demonstrated competitive results compared to more robust networks. Preprocessing techniques such as image enhancement and data augmentation are leveraged by 61.1 % of the reviewed studies and are shown to improve model performance.

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Exploring Recurrent Neural Network Models for Depression Detection Through Facial Expressions: A Systematic Literature Review

Exploring Recurrent Neural Network Models for Depression Det...

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International Conference of Computer and Informatics Engineering (IC2IE)

作者： Brilyan Nathanael Rumahorbo Bens Pardamean Gregorius Natanael Elwirehardja Computer Science Department BINUS Graduate Program - Master of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a prevalent mental disorder, affecting a significant number of individuals, with estimates reaching 300 million cases worldwide. Currently, the diagnosis of this condition relies heavily on subjective assessments based on the experience of medical professionals. Therefore, researchers have turned to deep learning models to explore the detection of depression. The objective of this review is to gather information on detecting depression based on facial expressions in videos using deep learning techniques. Overall, this research found that RNN models achieved 7.22 MAE for AVEC2014. LSTM models produced 4.83 MAE for DAIC-WOZ, while GRU models achieved an accuracy of 89.77% for DAIC-WOZ. Features like Facial Action Units (FAU), eye gaze, and landmarks show great potential and need to be further analyzed to improve results. Analysis can include applying feature engineering techniques. Aggregation methods, such as mean calculation, are recommended as effective approaches for data processing. This Systematic Literature Review found that facial expressions do have relevant patterns related to MDD.

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Explainable Tree-Based Boosting Algorithms for Smoker Detection Using Bio-Signals

Explainable Tree-Based Boosting Algorithms for Smoker Detect...

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International Seminar on Research of Information Technology and Intelligent Systems (ISRITI)

作者： Jason Sebastian Sulistyawan Kuncahyo Setyo Nugroho Bens Pardamean Computer Science Department BINUS Graduate Program Master of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia

ISBN: (数字)9798331519643

ISBN: (纸本)9798331519650

Many smoking-related diseases are difficult to treat and often fatal. Rather than treating diseased smokers, preventing the diseased is more achievable, though, many of them deny to being smokers, leading to another problem. Thus, this study aims to detect important aspects that can detect that the person is a smoker or not through their bio-signals through using SHAP, along with a comprehensive analysis of the used methods, gradient-boosting algorithms XGBoost, LightGBM, and CatBoost, known for their efficiency in handling complex datasets and non-linear relationships. The study then found that triglyceride, Gtp, hemoglobins significantly affect the body's responses to smoking, based on the CatBoosts’ results, having an AUC score of up to 0.8612 and an accuracy score of up to 0.7776 with the selected features.

关键词： Seminars Measurement Accuracy Predictive models Feature extraction Boosting Physiology Classification algorithms Reliability Diseases

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Mitigating Berkson's Paradox with Neural Propensity Score Matching in E-Commerce Deals

Mitigating Berkson's Paradox with Neural Propensity Score Ma...

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International Conference on Cybernetics and Intelligent System (ICORIS)

作者： Nicholas Dominic Bens Pardamean Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia Computer Science Department BINUS Graduate Program – Master of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia

ISBN: (数字)9798331539603

ISBN: (纸本)9798331539610

Within observational Data Science workloads, Berkson's paradox can lead to false causal inferences. One of the prominent quasi-experimental methods to mitigate this selection bias is Propensity Score Matching (PSM). An approach called Neural PSM (NPSM) was developed to overcome the drawbacks of conventional regression-based PSM, including its limited flexibility to model high-dimensional data and non-linear relationships that could cause imperfect covariate balance. In this study, a three-layer depth of Deep Neural Networks was designed to estimate propensity scores and finally balance both control and treatment groups of the Groupon dataset. An unsupervised k-Nearest Neighbor algorithm then helped the model to efficiently detect and cluster similar matching points. From the five salient features presented, NPSM successfully achieved lower differences in Cohen's d effect size, i.e., 0.313 for coupon duration, 0.017 for promotion length, 0.425 for quantity sold, -0.199 for limited supply, and 0.395 for Facebook likes. While these results mostly outperformed Linear Regression (LR) and Random Forest (RF) models, further evaluation is needed to verify the true effectiveness of NPSM in mitigating Berkson's paradox in broader e-commerce contexts.

关键词： Radio frequency Social networking (online) High dimensional data Linear regression Nearest neighbor methods Data science Electronic commerce Intelligent systems Cybernetics Context modeling

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Knowledge Graph-Enhanced Semantic Cache for Low-Latency and Cost-Effective Inference in Large Language Models

Knowledge Graph-Enhanced Semantic Cache for Low-Latency and ...

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International Conference on Information Management and Technology (ICIMTech)

作者： Nicholas Dominic Bens Pardamean Bioinformatics & Data Science Research Center Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia Computer Science Department BINUS Graduate Program - Master of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia

ISBN: (数字)9798350390025

ISBN: (纸本)9798350390032

In organizational knowledge management, Large Language Model (LLM) caches act as a semantic repository gathered from previous LLM responses. Due to intensive calls from multiple users, LLM may suffer from high inference latency. While there are many prior available approaches to solve this problem, most of them are inherently complex. This paper introduced a Knowledge Graph-enhanced Semantic Cache mechanism as an alternative, lightweight technique to boost retrieval for similar prompts. The latest state-of-the-art open-source LLM, named Google's Gemma-2B-it, was used to generate sample prompts and responses as a draft, while a knowledge graph (KG) was built from Wikipedia sentences. To create embeddings of prompts and KG, all-MiniLM-L6-v2 from SentenceTransformer was used. This new cache system resulted in up to 28% improvement over a standard model. In particular, reinforcement with KG cache embeddings yielded more than 85% semantic cache accuracy. To map the next trajectory of this pilot study, an overview of the extended framework for LLM knowledge management was also presented in this paper. The framework includes the new KG- enhanced cache system equipped with scalable security and fallback mechanisms that can promote green technology through substantial improvements in latency, throughput, and overall LLM costs.

关键词： Large language models Semantics Throughput Knowledge management Internet Trajectory Security Online services Low latency communication Standards

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Pitfall of genome-wide association studies: Sources of inconsistency in genotypes and their effects

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2012年第10期5卷 557-573页

作者： Huixiao Hong Lei Xu Zhenqiang Su Jie Liu Weigong Ge Jie Shen Hong Fang Roger Perkins Leming Shi Weida Tong Bioinformatics Graduate Program University of Arkansas at Little Rock/University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR 72079 USA Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics National Center for Toxicological Research US Food and Drug Administration Jefferson AR 72079 USA ICF International at National Center for Toxicological Research US Food and Drug Administration Jefferson AR 72079 USA School of Materials Science and Engineering Chang’an University Xi’an China

Personalized medicine will improve heath outcomes and patient satisfaction. However, implementing personalized medicine based on individuals’ biological information is far from simple, requiring genetic biomarkers that are mainly developed and used by the pharmaceutical companies for selecting those patients who benefit more, or have less risk of adverse drug reactions, from a particular drug. Genome-wide Association Studies (GWAS) aim to identify genetic variants across the human genome that might be utilized as genetic biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. During the last several years, high-density genotyping SNP arrays have facilitated GWAS that successfully identified common genetic variants associated with a variety of phenotypes. However, each of the identified genetic variants only explains a very small fraction of the underlying genetic contribution to the studied phenotypic trait. The replication studies demonstrated that only a small portion of associated loci in the initial GWAS can be replicated, even within the same populations. Given the complexity of GWAS, multiple sources of Type I (false positive) and Type II (false negative) errors exist. The inconsistency in genotypes that caused either by the genotypeing experiment or by genotype calling process is a major source of the false GWAS findings. Accurate and reproducible genotypes are paramount as inconsistency in genotypes can lead to an inflation of false associations. This article will review the sources of inconsistency in genotypes and discuss its effect in GWAS findings.

关键词： Genotype Association Reproducibility Inconsistency Batch Effect Genotyping Platform

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