检索结果-内蒙古大学图书馆

Mapping geographical inequalities in childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study 2017 (vol 395, pg 1779, 2020)

引用

LANCET 2020年第10239期395卷 1762-1762页

作者： Reiner, R. C., Jr. Hay, S., I Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Global Health School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States College of Health and Medical Sciences Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia School of Nursing and Midwifery Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia School of Pharmacy Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia School of Public Health Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Cancer Biology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Cancer Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Economics and Management Sciences for Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Environmental Health Engineering Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Health Management and Economics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Microbiology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Pharmacology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Digestive Diseases Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Iran National Institute of Health Research Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Metabolomics and

Summary Background Across low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), one in ten deaths in children younger than 5 years is attributable to diarrhoea. The substantial between-country variation in both diarrhoea incidence and mortality is attributable to interventions that protect children, prevent infection, and treat disease. Identifying subnational regions with the highest burden and mapping associated risk factors can aid in reducing preventable childhood *** We used Bayesian model-based geostatistics and a geolocated dataset comprising 15 072 746 children younger than 5 years from 466 surveys in 94 LMICs, in combination with findings of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors study (GBD) 2017, to estimate posterior distributions of diarrhoea prevalence, incidence, and mortality from 2000 to 2017. From these data, we estimated the burden of diarrhoea at varying subnational levels (termed units) by spatially aggregating draws, and we investigated the drivers of subnational patterns by creating aggregated risk factor *** The greatest declines in diarrhoeal mortality were seen in south and southeast Asia and South America, where 54·0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 38·1-65·8), 17·4% (7·7-28·4), and 59·5% (34·2-86·9) of units, respectively, recorded decreases in deaths from diarrhoea greater than 10%. Although children in much of Africa remain at high risk of death due to diarrhoea, regions with the most deaths were outside Africa, with the highest mortality units located in Pakistan. Indonesia showed the greatest within-country geographical inequality; some regions had mortality rates nearly four times the average country rate. Reductions in mortality were correlated to improvements in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) or reductions in child growth failure (CGF). Similarly, most high-risk areas had poor WASH, high CGF, or low oral rehydration therapy *** By co-analysing geospatial trends in d

关键词：

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

The implementation of constructivism approach for physics learning in vocational high school

引用

AIP Conference Proceedings 2016年第1期1778卷

作者： Tuwoso 1Study Program of Mechanical Engineering Education Mechanical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Universitas Negeri Malang Indonesia

The nowadays Physics learning at vocational high school is still focusing on teacher-centered. Therefore, the learners’ activities are only listening to a lecture from the teacher and take notes. The learning process is supposed to be students-centered, the teacher acts as a facilitator and mediator. The learning process should provide an opportunity for learners to acquire knowledge itself in accordance with the prior knowledge they already had, which is the result of interaction with the environment. Such learning process is in accordance with the constructivist view. The method in this research is quantitative research, the research design pretest-posttest control group design. The research subjects are 30 students for the experimental group and 30 students in the control group. The experimental group in this research is the group that is taught by the constructivist approach (student-centered), while the control group is taught by the teacher - centered approach. The obtained findings have significant differences in post test results of students who are treated as experimental groups and with the control group (p <0.05). The conclusion of this research is the implementation of Physics in vocational learning with constructivist approach proved to be effective and influence the improvement of learning outcome of students in the first semester for the tenth grade students of vocational high school.

关键词：

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Implementation of project based learning model in mechanical machining skills package of vocational high school

引用

AIP Conference Proceedings 2016年第1期1778卷

作者： Dwi Agus Sudjimat 1Mechanical Engineering Education Study Program Departemen of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Negeri Malang Indonesia

One model of learning that is most appropriate for vocational school based on standart learning process of curriculum 2013 was the use of project-based learning model. The findings of this study indicate that all of the mechanical machining teachers have implemented the project-based learning model based on their quite comprehensive understanding. Teachers perceive that project-based learning model can improve the hard skills and soft skills of the students. One weakness lies in the project is used, which is produced only by the analysis of the basic competencies of the subjects and does not use projects from industry so that most of the students’ products could not be used, what else is sold.

关键词：

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Application of tomography seismic for subsurface modeling of Kelud Mountain

引用

AIP Conference Proceedings 2016年第1期1730卷

作者： R. Destawan A. Bernando M. Aziz I. R. Palupi Geophysical Engineering Study Program Faculty of Mineral Technology UPN “Veteran” Yogyakarta Indonesia

Kelud is a Quaternary volcano formed by the collision between the Indo-Australian plate with the Eurasian plate, exactly in the south of Java. This volcano is included in stratovolcanoes type explosive eruption characteristics. In order observation of subsurface conditions, performed imaging tomography. The research used data recordings from the 4 point observation in 2007. The data processing started from the initial velocity modeling, ray tracing calculations using the method of bending and tomographic velocity model Vp, Vs and Vp/Vs using inversion techniques delay time. Based on the research activities carried out, were resulted velocity structure models Vp, Vs, Vp/Vs and the hypocenter distribution of volcanic earthquakes occurring in Kelud. Velocity structures of Vp and Vs with variations of negative values between -60 to 0% and the value of Vp / Vs positive indicating the presence of hot fluid Kelud from top to sea level. While the positive values of Vs velocity structure between 0 to 20%, which dominate the east and south peaks interpreted as the rest of the frozen magma from previous volcanic activity.

关键词：

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

3D Geothermal Modelling Using Gravity Survey on Dolok Marawa, Simalungun District, North Sumatera

引用

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2016年第1期29卷

作者： A Rivandi R Destawan Z R Fajri W Hidayat Geophysical Engineering Study Program Faculty of Mineral Technology UPN 'Veteran' Yogyakarta Indonesia

In North Sumatera, gravity method is applied to identify the geothermal model. This method measured the earth gravitational field. This research has 160 measurement points covering 9 square kilometers. We obtained complete Bouguer anomaly values ranging 85 mGal - 130.68 mGal interpreted as a heat source of andesitic igneous rocks that are affected by the presence of Mount Bahtopu magma chamber. We interpreted the values between 40 mGal - 80 mGal as reservoir and caprock. The 3D gravity inverse modelling conducted using Gravblox, and identifying the following lithologies; Toba Pyroclastic Fall (Qjt) with density 1.92 g/cm3, Toba Pyroclastic Flow (Qjt) with density 2.00 g/cm3, Mount Bahtopu Andesite (Qlb) with density 2.4 g/cm3, and 2.6 g/cm3 which is interpreted as heat source in form of andesitic rock and Mount Bahtopu magma chamber. This heat source is estimated to be at a depth of 1.45 km to 3.78 km below the surface.

关键词：

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Gamma-ray showers observed at ground level in coincidence with downward lightning leaders

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2017年

作者： Abbasi, R.U. Abu-Zayyad, T. Allen, M. Barcikowski, E. Belz, J.W. Bergman, D.R. Blake, S.A. Byrne, M. Cady, R. Cheon, B.G. Chiba, J. Chikawa, M. Fujii, T. Fukushima, M. Furlich, G. Goto, T. Hanlon, W. Hayashi, Y. Hayashida, N. Hibino, K. Honda, K. Ikeda, D. Inoue, N. Ishii, T. Ito, H. Ivanov, D. Jeong, S. Jui, C.C.H. Kadota, K. Kakimoto, F. Kalashev, O. Kasahara, K. Kawai, H. Kawakami, S. Kawata, K. Kido, E. Kim, H.B. Kim, J.H. Kim, J.H. Kishigami, S.S. Krehbiel, P.R. Kuzmin, V. Kwon, Y.J. Lan, J. LeVon, R. Lundquist, J.P. Machida, K. Martens, K. Matuyama, T. Matthews, J.N. Minamino, M. Mukai, K. Myers, I. Nagataki, S. Nakamura, R. Nakamura, T. Nonaka, T. Ogio, S. Ohnishi, M. Ohoka, H. Oki, K. Okuda, T. Ono, M. Onogi, R. Oshima, A. Ozawa, S. Park, I.H. Pshirkov, M.S. Remington, J. Rison, W. Rodeheffer, D. Rodriguez, D.C. Rubtsov, G. Ryu, D. Sagawa, H. Saito, K. Sakaki, N. Sakurai, N. Seki, T. Sekino, K. Shah, P.D. Shibata, F. Shibata, T. Shimodaira, H. Shin, B.K. Shin, H.S. Smith, J.D. Sokolsky, P. Springer, R.W. Stokes, B.T. Stroman, T.A. Takai, H. Takeda, M. Takeishi, R. Taketa, A. Takita, M. Tameda, Y. Tanaka, H. Tanaka, K. Tanaka, M. Thomas, R.J. Thomas, S.B. Thomson, G.B. Tinyakov, P. Tkachev, I. Tokuno, H. Tomida, T. Troitsky, S. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, Y. Udo, S. Urban, F. Vasiloff, G. Wong, T. Yamamoto, M. Yamane, R. Yamaoka, H. Yamazaki, K. Yang, J. Yashiro, K. Yoneda, Y. Yoshida, S. Yoshii, H. Zundel, Z. High Energy Astrophysics Institute Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Utah Salt Lake CityUT United States Graduate School of Science and Engineering Saitama University Saitama Saitama Japan Graduate School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Meguro Tokyo Japan Department of Physics Research Institute of Natural Science Hanyang University Seongdong-gu Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Physics Tokyo University of Science Chiba Noda Japan Department of Physics Kinki University Osaka Higashi Osaka Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa Japan Todai Institutes for Advanced Study University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa Japan Graduate School of Science Osaka City University Osaka Osaka Japan Faculty of Engineering Kanagawa University Kanagawa Yokohama Japan Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering University of Yamanashi Yamanashi Kofu Japan Astrophysical Big Bang Laboratory RIKEN Saitama Wako Japan Department of Physics Sungkyunkwan University Jang-an-gu Suwon Korea Republic of Department of Physics Tokyo City University Setagaya-ku Tokyo Japan National Nuclear Research University Moscow Engineering Physics Institute Moscow Russia Advanced Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University Shinjuku-ku Tokyo Japan Department of Physics Chiba University Chiba Chiba Japan Department of Physics School of Natural Sciences Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology UNIST-gil Ulsan Korea Republic of Langmuir Laboratory for Atmospheric Research New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology SocorroNM87801 United States Department of Physics Yonsei University Seodaemun-gu Seoul Korea Republic of Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies KEK Ibaraki Tsukuba Japan Faculty of Science Kochi University Kochi Kochi Japan Department of Physical Sciences Ritsumeikan University Shiga Kusatsu Japan Department of Physics Kyushu Un

Bursts of gamma ray showers have been observed in coincidence with downward propagating negative leaders in lightning flashes by the Telescope Array Surface Detector (TASD). The TASD is a 700 square kilometer cosmic ray observatory located in southwestern Utah, U.S.A. In data collected between 2014 and 2016, correlated observations showing the structure and temporal development of three shower-producing flashes were obtained with a 3D lightning mapping array, and electric field change measurements were obtained for an additional seven flashes, in both cases co-located with the TASD. National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) information was also used throughout. The showers arrived in a sequence of 2–5 short-duration (≤10 µs) bursts over time intervals of several hundred microseconds, and originated at an altitude of 3–5 kilometers above ground level during the first 1–2 ms of downward negative leader breakdown at the beginning of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes. The shower footprints, associated waveforms and the effect of atmospheric propagation indicate that the showers consist primarily of downward-beamed gamma radiation. This has been supported by GEANT simulation studies, which indicate primary source fluxes of 1012–1014 photons for 16◦ half-angle beams. We conclude that the showers are terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs), similar to those observed by satellites, but that the ground-based observations are more representative of the temporal source activity and are also more sensitive than satellite observations, which detect only the most powerful TGFs. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Gamma rays

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Geological, isothermal, and isobaric 3-D model construction in early stage of geothermal exploration

引用

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2016年第1期42卷

作者： M P Saputra Suryantini D Catigtig R Regandara S N Asnin A B Pratama Graduate Program in Geothermal Technology Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung 40132 Indonesia Engineering Geology Study Program Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung 40132 Indonesia Emerging Power Inc. Philippines

Construction of geology, thermal anomaly and pressure distribution of a geothermal system in the early stage of exploration where data is limited is described using a 3-D software, Leapfrog Geothermal. The geological 3-D model was developed from a topographic map (derived from DEM data), geological map and literature studies reported in an early geological survey. The isothermal 3-D model was constructed using reservoir temperature estimation from geothermometry calculated from chemical analyses on surface manifestations, available shallow gradient temperature hole data and the normal gradient temperature (3°C/100m) for a nonthermal area. The isobaric 3-D model was built using hydrostatic pressure where the hydrostatic pressure is determined by the product of the fluid density, acceleration due to gravity, and depth. Fluid density is given by saturated liquid density as a function of temperature. There are some constraints on the modelling result such as (1) within the predicted reservoir, the geothermal gradient is not constant but continues to increase, thus, creating an anomalously high temperature at depth, and (2) the lithology model is made by interpolating and extrapolating cross-sections whereas usually only two to three geology sections were available for this study. Hence, the modeller must understand the geology. An additional cross section was developed by the modeller which may not be as suitable as the geologist constructed sections. The results of this study can be combined with geophysical data such as gravity, geomagnetic, micro-tremor and resistivity data. The combination of geological, geochemical, isothermal, isobaric and geophysical data could be used in (1) estimating the geometry and size of the geothermal reservoir, (2) predicting the depth of top reservoir, and (3) creating well prognosis for exploration and production wells.

关键词：

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Comparison of Pretreatment Methods on Vetiver Leaves for Efficient Processes of Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation by Neurospora sp.

引用

Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2017年第1期877卷

作者： E Restiawaty A Dewi Study Program of Bioenergy and Chemurgy Engineering Research Group of Chemical Engineering Process Design and Development Faculty of Industrial Technology Institut Teknologi Bandung Jln. Let. Jen. Purn. Dr. (HC) Mashudi No. 1 Sumedang West Java 45363 Indonesia Biosciences and Biotechnology Research Centre Institut Teknologi Bandung Jln. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia

Lignocellulosic biomass is a potential raw material for bioethanol production. Neurospora sp. can be used to convert lignocellulosic biomass into bioethanol because of its ability to perform simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. However, lignin content, degree of polymerization, and crystallinity of cellulose contained in lignocellulosic biomass can inhibit cellulosic-biomass digestion by Neurospora sp, so that a suitable pretreatment method of lignocellulosic biomass is needed. The focus of this research was to investigate the suitable pretreatment method for vetiver leaves (Vetiveria zizanioides L. Nash) used as a raw material producing bioethanol in the process of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) by Neurospora sp.. Vetiver plants obtained from Garut are deliberately cultivated to produce essential oils extracted from the roots of this plant. Since the vetiver leaves do not contain oil, some of harvested leaves are usually used for crafts and cattle feed, and the rest are burned. This study intended to look at other potential of vetiver leaves as a source of renewable energy. Pretreatments of the vetiver leaves were conducted using hot water, dilute acid, alkaline & dilute acid, and alkaline peroxide, in which each method was accompanied by thermal treatment. The results showed that the alkaline peroxide treatment is a suitable for vetiver leaves as indicated by the increase of cellulose content up to 65.1%, while the contents of hot water soluble, hemicellulose, lignin, and ash are 8.7%, 18.3%, 6.8%, and 1.1%, respectively. Using this pretreatment method, the vetiver leaves can be converted into bioethanol by SSF process using Neurospora sp. with a concentration of bioethanol of 6.7 g/L operated at room temperature.

关键词：

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

The significance of SAR remote sensing in volcano-geology for hazard and resource potential mapping

引用

AIP Conference Proceedings 2017年第1期1857卷

作者： Asep Saepuloh Erwin Bakker Wulan Suminar 1Study Program of Geology Engineering Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology Jl. Ganesha No. 10 Bandung Indonesia. 40132 2Graduate Research on Earthquake and Active Tectonics Bandung Institute of Technology Jl. Ganesha No. 10 Bandung Indonesia. 40132

Geological mapping at volcanic terrain is crucial for providing accurate information related to the distribution of volcanic products and volcano-related structures. The volcano-geology map is basis information, not only for hazard mitigation related to volcanic activity, but also for resource exploration as well as scientific purposes. Therefore, the accurate detection and observation of volcanic products and their genetics are necessary for volcano-geology mapping. The classical problem at Torrid Zone such as cloud, dense vegetation, heavy weathering, and erosion usually hamper the detection and observation of volcanic products and their structures. Moreover, the stratigraphic of volcanic products generally follows paleo-topography which was buried by the products. Overcoming the problem, we exploited the applicability of remotely sensed data to provide the great assistance for field based observations at volcanic field in Indonesia. The Geomorphologic and Structural Features (GSF) of the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) are the selected parameters to define the distribution of the volcanic products. We explained about the significant of SAR identification to detect and interpret volcano-geology parameters such as eruption centers, volcanic products, depositional mechanisms, and volcanic structures especially at complex of volcanoes. The fall and flowing mechanisms controlled the depositional process were also analyzed to obtain the genetic of volcanic products. For young volcanoes, the quantitative techniques based on SAR surface roughness and polarized signatures are effective to identify volcanic formations and their sources. However, for old volcanoes the visual analyses of GSF is superior to identify the volcanic units and structures. We selected two volcanic complexes at Mts. Guntur and Malabar in West Java (Indonesia) presenting the young and old volcanic field characteristics under Torrid Zone condition.

关键词：

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Crystallinity and thermal resistance of microcrystalline cellulose prepared from manau rattan (Calamusmanan)

引用

AIP Conference Proceedings 2016年第1期1725卷

作者： Raden Reza Rizkiansyah Mardiyati Steven R. Suratman 1Materials Engineering Study Program Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering InstitutTeknologi Bandung Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia

The objective of this study was to prepare microcrystalline cellulose from Manau rattan (Calamusmanan) and to investigate the influence of concentration of sulfuric acid and hydrolysis time on crystallinity and thermal resistance of the microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). In this research, MCC was extracted through two stages, which is alkalization and acid hydrolysis. Alkalization was prepared by soaking manau rattan powder into sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 17.5wt% at 100°C for 8 hours. Acid hydrolysis was prepared by using sulfuric acid with concentration 0.1 M; 0.3 M; and 0.5 M for 4, 6, 8 and 10 hours. Crystallinity of MCC was measured by XRD, and thermal resistance was characterized by TGA. MCC was successfully extracted from manau rattan. The highest crystallinity of MCC obtained was 72.42% which prepared by acid hydrolysis with concentration 0.5 M for 10 hours. MCC prepared by acid hydrolysis with concentration 0.5 M for 10 hours not only resulted the highest crystallinity but also the best thermal resistance.

关键词：

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：

通借通还

建议与咨询 留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案： 新增检索档案 确定 取消

请选择收藏分类： 新增自定义分类 确定 取消

通借通还

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：