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Nanovesicles derived from edible plants: a new player that contributes to the function of foods

BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2025年第2期89卷 179-186页

作者： Yamasaki, Masao Yamasaki, Yumi Oshima, Tatsuya Univ Miyazaki Dept Biochem & Appl Biosci Miyazaki Japan Univ Miyazaki Fac Reg Innovat Miyazaki Japan Univ Miyazaki Dept Appl Chem Miyazaki Japan

Nano-sized vesicles are ubiquitous in vegetables, fruits, and other edible plants. We have successfully prepared nanovesicles (NVs) from over 150 edible plants. These results suggest that the daily intake of NVs from various foods and their roles in food function are promising novel approaches for explaining the health-promoting properties of edible plants. These vesicles contain RNAs, including miRNAs, similar to extracellular NVs, which play pivotal roles in cell-cell communication. Intriguingly, NVs also contain phytochemicals such as polyphenols and carotenoids that are specific to each edible plant. In conclusion, these dietary NVs have the potential to serve as functional packages to deliver RNAs or phytochemicals to target cells across species from plants to humans.

关键词： edible plants nanovesicles miRNA anti-inflammatory properties

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Three-Dimensional Imaging Sensor-Based Non-Contact Measurement of Neonatal Head Circumference in Incubators

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SENSORS 2025年第6期25卷 1869-1869页

作者： Win, Khin Dagon Kawasue, Kikuhito Kaneko, Masatoki Univ Miyazaki Fac Engn Miyazaki 8892192 Japan Univ Miyazaki Fac Med Miyazaki 8891692 Japan

Highlights What are the main findings? A non-contact method for measuring neonatal head circumference using a 3D imaging sensor was developed. What is the implication of the main finding? A top-view 3D imaging system can be used to estimate the head circumferences of neonates without direct contact, ensuring safety for their delicate skin. Because some portions of the head may be missing in the top-view images, these missing areas are estimated using mat information. The extracted features and head surface values contribute to the head circumference measurement. This approach enhances the feasibility of non-contact head circumference measurement, which could improve neonatal monitoring in clinical *** What are the main findings? A non-contact method for measuring neonatal head circumference using a 3D imaging sensor was developed. What is the implication of the main finding? A top-view 3D imaging system can be used to estimate the head circumferences of neonates without direct contact, ensuring safety for their delicate skin. Because some portions of the head may be missing in the top-view images, these missing areas are estimated using mat information. The extracted features and head surface values contribute to the head circumference measurement. This approach enhances the feasibility of non-contact head circumference measurement, which could improve neonatal monitoring in clinical *** In Japan, birth rates are declining, but there are a rising number of underweight newborns who require specialized care in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Head circumference is an important indicator of brain development for low-birth-weight infants. However, measuring head circumference requires extreme care because low-birth-weight infants have fragile skin. Therefore, a non-contact measurement system using a 3D imaging sensor was developed. Using this system, three-dimensional data for a newborn's head can be obtained from outside the incubato

关键词： newborns head circumference mat 3D imaging sensor incubator

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Advanced Predictive Analytics for Fetal Heart Rate Variability Using Digital Twin Integration

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SENSORS 2025年第5期25卷 1469-1469页

作者： Lwin, Tunn Cho Zin, Thi Thi Tin, Pyke Kino, Emi Ikenoue, Tsuyomu Univ Miyazaki Interdisciplinary Grad Sch Agr & Engn Miyazaki 8892192 Japan Univ Miyazaki Grad Sch Engn Miyazaki 8892192 Japan Miyazaki Univ Fac Med Miyazaki 8891692 Japan

Fetal heart rate variability (FHRV) is a critical indicator of fetal well-being and autonomic nervous system development during labor. Traditional monitoring methods often provide limited insights, potentially leading to delayed interventions and suboptimal outcomes. This study proposes an advanced predictive analytics approach by integrating approximate entropy analysis with a hidden Markov model (HMM) within a digital twin framework to enhance real-time fetal monitoring. We utilized a dataset of 469 fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings, each exceeding one hour in duration, to ensure sufficient temporal information for reliable modeling. The FHRV data were preprocessed and partitioned into parasympathetic and sympathetic components based on downward and non-downward beat detection. Approximate entropy was calculated to quantify the complexity of FHRV patterns, revealing significant correlations with umbilical cord blood gas parameters, particularly pH levels. The HMM was developed with four hidden states representing discrete pH levels and eight observed states derived from FHRV data. By employing the Baum-Welch and Viterbi algorithms for training and decoding, respectively, the model effectively captured temporal dependencies and provided early predictions of the fetal acid-base status. Experimental results demonstrated that the model achieved 85% training and 79% testing accuracy on the balanced dataset distribution, improving from 78% and 71% on the imbalanced dataset. The integration of this predictive model into a digital twin framework offers significant benefits for timely clinical interventions, potentially improving prenatal outcomes.

关键词： approximate entropy fetal heart rate hidden Markov model predictive analytics umbilical cord blood gas

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Robust pig extraction using ground base depth images for automatic weight estimation

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ARTIFICIAL LIFE AND ROBOTICS 2025年第1期30卷 42-50页

作者： Win, Khin Dagon Kawasue, Kikuhito Tokunaga, Tadaaki Univ Miyazaki Fac Engn Miyazaki Japan Univ Miyazaki Fac Agr Miyazaki Japan

Dark colored pigs (Berkshire, Duroc, etc.) are widely recognized nationwide in Japan for their exceptional taste, with the southern Kyushu region being a renowned production area for these esteemed breeds. However, estimating the weight of these pigs using a camera presents a unique challenge. The key process in a camera-based weight estimation system is the precise extraction of the target pig from the background. Typically, cameras capture images from above, as the top-view images provide the most specific growth indicators. However, the image from above contains a ground image. Since Berkshire and Duroc pigs are black and red, respectively, they blend into the ground, making it difficult to accurately segment the pigs in the images. Thus, it is crucial to perfectly distinguish between the ground and the pigs. Therefore, a new extraction method is proposed to distinguish between the ground and pigs by converting depth data based on the pig's position. To enhance the efficiency of pig farming and alleviate the burden on workers, our goal is to develop a system that automatically measures the weight of Berkshire pigs for shipment without background interference. In this study, we installed the system at a Berkshire pig farm and demonstrated the effectiveness of this innovative extraction method for camera-based weight estimation.

关键词： Berkshire and Duroc Pig weight Extraction Background influence Camera

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Numerical Study of the Effect of Winglets with Multiple Sweep Angles on Wind Turbine Blade Performance

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ENERGIES 2025年第5期18卷 1292-1292页

作者： Wardhana, Bayu K. Shin, Byeongrog Univ Miyazaki Interdisciplinary Grad Sch Agr & Engn Miyazaki 8892192 Japan Univ Miyazaki Dept Mech Engn Miyazaki 8892192 Japan

A numerical study was conducted on winglet designs with multiple sweep angles for improving the performance of horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) blades, and their effect on reducing the wing tip vortex was investigated by CFD analysis. The effects of sweep angles were examined through NREL Phase VI turbine blades considering a wind speed range of 7 to 25 m/s. Numerical simulations were performed using RANS equations and the SST k-omega turbulence model. The interaction of the blade rotation and wind flow was modeled using a moving reference frame method. The numerical results were found to be in good agreement with the inferences drawn from the experiments for a baseline blade without a winglet, thereby validating the computational method. The investigations revealed that multi-swept winglets predicted a 14.6% torque increment, providing higher power output than single-swept winglets compared to the baseline blade at a wind speed of 15 m/s. Implementing multiple sweep angles in winglet design can improve the blade performance effectively without further increments in winglet length.

关键词： HAWT tip vortex torque increment blade performance sweep angle cant angle

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Analysis of Optical Resonator with Waveguide Discontinuities Constructed by Two-Dimensional MDM Plasmonic Waveguide

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IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRONICS 2025年第4期E108C卷 195-200页

作者： Naka, Yoshihiro Nishimoto, Masahiko Yokota, Mitsuhiro Univ Miyazaki Miyazaki 8892192 Japan Kumamoto Univ Kumamoto 8608555 Japan

An optical resonator with two waveguide discontinuities constructed by a metal-dielectric-metal plasmonic waveguide has been analyzed using the finite-difference time-domain (FD-TD) method with the piecewise linear recursive convolution (PLRC) method. The waveguide discontinuity has been expressed as an equivalent transmission line circuit whose circuit parameters are estimated from the reflection coefficients analyzed by the FD-TD method. We have confirmed the validity of the circuit configuration because the reflection characteristics of the equivalent circuit with the circuit parameters agree with those of the FD-TD method. Next, we have analyzed a resonator structure with two waveguide discontinuities and shown that the equivalent circuit gives a good approximation for the structure with a large difference in waveguide width at the discontinuities, in which conventional equivalent circuits had large errors.

关键词： plasmonic waveguide resonator waveguide discontinuity transmission line circuit FD-TD method PLRC method

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Automated Cattle Monitoring System for Calving Time Prediction Using Trajectory Data Embedded Time Series Analysis

IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF THE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS SOCIETY

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IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF THE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS SOCIETY 2025年 6卷 216-234页

作者： Mg, Wai Hnin Eaindrar Zin, Thi Thi Tin, Pyke Aikawa, Masaru Honkawa, Kazayuki Horii, Yoichiro Univ Miyazaki Interdisciplinary Grad Sch Agr & Engn Miyazaki 8892192 Japan Univ Miyazaki Grad Sch Engn Miyazaki 8892192 Japan Univ Miyazaki Org Learning & Student Dev Miyazaki 8892192 Japan Honkawa Ranch Oita 8770056 Japan Univ Miyazaki Ctr Anim Dis Control Miyazaki 8892192 Japan

This research introduces an automated system for cattle monitoring and calving time prediction, utilizing trajectory data embedded with time-series analysis. Designed for large-scale farms, our system offers continuous 12-h monitoring, ensuring precise capture of cattle movements. By utilizing time series analysis on the trajectory data, our system predicts calving events in advance, effectively distinguishing between abnormal (requiring human assistance) and normal (not requiring assistance) for each cow. We utilized 360 degrees surveillance cameras to provide comprehensive coverage without disturbing the cattle's natural behavior. We employed tailored versions of the Detectron2 and YOLOv8 models to achieve efficient and precise cattle detection, comparing their performance in terms of missed detections and false detections. For tracking, we used our customized tracking algorithm, which minimizes ID switching and ensures continuous identification even in challenging conditions such as occlusions. While some ID switching errors still occur over extended tracking periods, we integrated tracking and identification to further optimize the handling of track IDs and global IDs. Our system incorporates a 4-h forecasting of cattle movement using Euclidean fluctuating summation (EFS) feature combined with our custom long short-term memory model. Experimental results demonstrate a detection accuracy of 98.70%, tracking and identification accuracy of 99.18%, and forecasting with an average error rate of 14.07%. Furthermore, the system accurately classifies cattle as either normal or abnormal and predicts calving events a 4-h in advance using the EFS feature, comparing its performance with various machine learning algorithms. The system's seamless integration significantly enhances farm management and animal welfare.

关键词： Cows Tracking Cameras Trajectory Animals Accuracy YOLO Industrial electronics Forecasting Surveillance 360 degrees surveillance cameras calving cattle classification calving time prediction detection forecasting real-time monitoring time series analysis tracking and identification trajectory data

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Testing and rating of vehicle-integrated photovoltaics: Scientific background

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SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS 2025年 280卷

作者： Araki, Kenji Ota, Yasuyuki Nishioka, Kensuke Univ Miyazaki 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai Nishi Miyazaki 8892192 Japan

We need to rush into the international standardization of the performance of VIPV. IEC TC82 PT600 and WG2 group carry out the standardization discussion. This work covers the scientific aspects behind the standardization. It consists of three layers: (1) Performance testing VIPV or curved PV modules by reproducible measurements;(2) Outdoor performance validation and correction modeling;(3) Energy rating. Unlike other PV installations, the relative position of the sun and its shading objects quickly and frequently moves so that the repeatable evaluation of the performance of VIPV was challenging. As a result of scientists and testing engineers worldwide, (1) we could develop a new testing protocol for the curved PV modules, (2) we observed the different performances in the curved photovoltaic modules and succeeded in reproducing in a simple numerical model, and (3) we developed Excel-level calculation methods for shading and partial-shading impact to irradiation onto photovoltaic modules on vehicles.

关键词： VIPV Curved PV Performance test Performance model Energy rating Partial shading

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Development of a Pillararene Carboxylic Acid Derivative for the Extraction of a Cationic Protein

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BIOMACROMOLECULES 2025年第3期26卷 1571-1579页

作者： Ikushima, Yu Oshima, Tatsuya Univ Miyazaki Fac Engn Dept Appl Chem Miyazaki 8892192 Japan

Pillararenes are macrocyclic compounds that can have multiple functional groups and can provide a platform to develop multivalent ligands. Herein, a pillar[6]arene carboxylic acid derivative (OctP[6]CH2COOH) was prepared to extract the cationic protein cytochrome c (Cyt-c) into organic solvents. OctP[6]CH2COOH was synthesized by the condensation of ethyl 2-(4-octoxyphenoxy) acetate to obtain the pillar[6]arene derivative, followed by alkali hydrolysis. OctP[6]CH2COOH showed high extractability for Cyt-c, while a monomer analog and a neutral pillar[6]arene ester derivative did not. The lysine-rich protein Cyt-c was selectively extracted using OctP[6]CH2COOH over other cationic proteins because the complexation was a result of the inclusion of the NH3 + groups of the lysine residues by the macrocyclic molecule. Cyt-c complexed with OctP[6]CH2COOH partially underwent a structural change and exhibited peroxidase activity in organic solvents. This is the first report of protein extraction using pillararene derivatives that can be applied for the separation and modification of proteins.

关键词： Methyl ester

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Growth and structural evaluation of GaAsN/GaAs superlattice films with different N distributions grown by atomic layer epitaxy

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JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS 2025年第4期64卷 04SP36-04SP36页

作者： Koto, Hayato Kawano, Masahiro Suzuki, Hidetoshi Univ Miyazaki Fac Engn Miyazaki 8892192 Japan

In this study, to control the N distribution in GaAsN films, GaAsN/GaAs superlattice (SL)-structure films were grown by repeating one cycle of the GaAsN atomic layer growth sequence and n (0-9) cycles of the GaAs growth sequence using atomic layer epitaxy. The effects of n on the incorporation of N atoms into the GaAsN layer and the detailed N distribution in the film were investigated by considering the lattice constants of the GaAsN/GaAs SL and SL periods, as evaluated by X-ray diffraction. The formation of the SL structures was confirmed, although the SL periods deviated slightly from the designed values. The SL periods were not singular for the films and the direction of the SL period was slightly tilted (similar to 0.2 degrees) from the growth direction. This indicates the existence of at least two regions with different tilt directions and periods in the film.

关键词： atomic layer epitaxy GaAsN X-ray diffraction dilute nitride

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