Exchange protocols are an important theoretic basis to make secure electronic commerce and electronic business transactions possible, in which the fairness is a crucial property. To ensure and verify the property, a s...
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Exchange protocols are an important theoretic basis to make secure electronic commerce and electronic business transactions possible, in which the fairness is a crucial property. To ensure and verify the property, a specific model is proposed, based on the extensive game with imperfect information. Fairness is built in the protocol game and the corresponding game tree. To verify the property, a tree analysis method is offered, and a linear time algorithm is given. As a case study, some flaws of ASW protocol are found.
We prove that the error estimates of a large class of nonconforming finite elements are dominated by their approximation errors, which means that the well-known Cea’s lemma is still valid for these nonconforming fini...
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We prove that the error estimates of a large class of nonconforming finite elements are dominated by their approximation errors, which means that the well-known Cea’s lemma is still valid for these nonconforming finite element methods. Furthermore, we derive the error estimates in both energy and L2 norms under the regularity assumption u ∈ H1+s(Ω) with any s > 0. The extensions to other related problems are possible.
The two-sided rank-one (TR1) update method was introduced by Griewank and Walther (2002) for solving nonlinear equations. It generates dense approximations of the Jacobian and thus is not applicable to large-scale spa...
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The two-sided rank-one (TR1) update method was introduced by Griewank and Walther (2002) for solving nonlinear equations. It generates dense approximations of the Jacobian and thus is not applicable to large-scale sparse problems. To overcome this difficulty, we propose sparse extensions of the TR1 update and give some convergence analysis. The numerical experiments show that some of our extensions are superior to the TR1 update method. Some convergence analysis is also presented.
This paper introduces the concept of hierarchical-control-based output synchronization of coexisting attractor networks. Within the new framework, each dynamic node is made passive at first utilizing intra-control aro...
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This paper introduces the concept of hierarchical-control-based output synchronization of coexisting attractor networks. Within the new framework, each dynamic node is made passive at first utilizing intra-control around its own arena. Then each dynamic node is viewed as one agent, and on account of that, the solution of output synchronization of coexisting attractor networks is transformed into a multi-agent consensus problem, which is made possible by virtue of local interaction between individual neighbours; this distributed working way of coordination is coined as inter-control, which is only specified by the topological structure of the network. Provided that the network is connected and balanced, the output synchronization would come true naturally via synergy between intra and inter-control actions, where the rightness is proved theoretically via convex composite Lyapunov functions. For completeness, several illustrative examples are presented to further elucidate the novelty and efficacy of the proposed scheme.
In this paper,a two-scale finite element approach is proposed and analyzed for approximationsof Green's function in *** approach is based on a two-scale finite elementspace defined,respectively,on the whole domain...
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In this paper,a two-scale finite element approach is proposed and analyzed for approximationsof Green's function in *** approach is based on a two-scale finite elementspace defined,respectively,on the whole domain with size H and on some subdomain containing singularpoints with size h (h << H).It is shown that this two-scale discretization approach is very *** particular,the two-scale discretization approach is applied to solve Poisson-Boltzmann equationssuccessfully.
Finite element methods are largely used in solving nonlinear geometrical and material problems. But standard finite element methods are ineffectively in handling extreme material deformation, such as cases of large de...
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Finite element methods are largely used in solving nonlinear geometrical and material problems. But standard finite element methods are ineffectively in handling extreme material deformation, such as cases of large deformation and severe mesh distortion problems in computation. Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) methods incorporate the advantages of Lagrangian and Eulerian methods and overcome their disadvantages. The methods can solve many problems which can be solved difficultly by Lagrangian and Eulerian methods. Based on ALE finite element methods and fundamental theory of elastoplastic large deformation, the soil slope stability problems of a simple soil slope and a complex soil slope with weak layer under self-gravity in geotechnical engineering are analyzed as the illustrative cases. The computational results show that the deformation behaviors of slope sliding and the critical slip plane can be defined clearly from the deformed shape obtained by ALE finite element method. The results show that the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) methods can effectively analyze the stability of soil slopes and be applied to the elastoplasticity analysis of geotechnical engineering.
The multi-symplectic Runge-Kutta (MSRK) methods and multi-symplecticFourier spectral (MSFS) methods will be employed to solve the fourth-orderSchrodinger equations with trapped term. Using the idea of split-step numer...
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The multi-symplectic Runge-Kutta (MSRK) methods and multi-symplecticFourier spectral (MSFS) methods will be employed to solve the fourth-orderSchrodinger equations with trapped term. Using the idea of split-step numericalmethod and the MSRK methods, we devise a new kind of multi-symplectic integrators, which is called split-step multi-symplectic (SSMS) methods. The numerical experiments show that the proposed SSMS methods are more efficient than the conventionalmulti-symplectic integrators with respect to the the numerical accuracy and conservation perserving properties.
We study quantum transport in a general graphene system subject to external potential, a situation that can be expected in all kinds of future graphene-based electronic devices with quantum dots and quantum point cont...
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We study quantum transport in a general graphene system subject to external potential, a situation that can be expected in all kinds of future graphene-based electronic devices with quantum dots and quantum point contacts. We find that electrons tend to take on propagating paths due to Klein tunneling that have absolutely no counterpart in nonrelativistic quantum systems. Strikingly, such abnormal quantum paths can lead to an extreme type of fractal-like of conductance fluctuations, not seen previously in any quantum transport systems. This phenomenon has profound implications to the development of graphene based devices that require stable electronic properties.
Bi2S3 has shown promise in thermoelectric and optoelectronic applications as well as biological and chemical sensors. We present here a comprehensive study on the lattice dynamics of Bi2S3 nanostructures probed by mic...
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Bi2S3 has shown promise in thermoelectric and optoelectronic applications as well as biological and chemical sensors. We present here a comprehensive study on the lattice dynamics of Bi2S3 nanostructures probed by micro-Raman scattering spectroscopy and first-principles calculations. Bi2S3 nanowires are synthesized using a physical vapor transport method via a vapor-liquid-solid mechanism on silicon substrates. Oriented Bi2S3 nanosheets are also obtained on mica substrates. The structure of the nanowires is determined to be orthorhombic with a growth orientation of [110] by x-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. A Raman scattering study is conducted for as-prepared Bi2S3 nanostructures, in which 33, 38, 46, and 53 cm−1 phonon modes are observed for the first time. We find several modes to be very sensitive to excitation wavelength and power. First-principles calculations of orthorhombic Bi2S3 predict a series of Raman modes, in good agreement with our experiments. Phonon-dispersion curves of Bi2S3 are also presented, and the effect of Born effective charges on the longitudinal-optical–transverse-optical splitting at the zone center is taken into account.
There are wafer fabrication processes in cluster tools that require revisiting. It is shown that swapping is efficient in operating a dual-arm cluster tool. For dual-arm cluster tools with wafer revisiting, if a swap ...
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There are wafer fabrication processes in cluster tools that require revisiting. It is shown that swapping is efficient in operating a dual-arm cluster tool. For dual-arm cluster tools with wafer revisiting, if a swap strategy is applied, it forms a three wafer periodical process with three wafers completed in each period. Such a period contains three cycles in a revisiting process and another three cycles in non-revisiting process. Hence, analysis and scheduling of dual-arm cluster tools with wafer revisiting become very complicated. In this work, a Petri net model is developed to describe the operations of such tools. Based on it, it is found that if a swap strategy is applied to a dual-arm cluster tool with wafer revisiting, it is always in a transient state. A systematic method is presented to analyze its performance.
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