Human and robotic planetary lander missions require accurate surface relative position knowledge to land near science targets or next to pre-deployed assets. In the absence of GPS, accurate position estimates can be o...
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Terrain Relative Navigation (TRN) is an on-board GN&C function that generates a position estimate of a spacecraft relative to a map of a planetary surface. When coupled with a divert, the position estimate enables...
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Future planetary explorations envisioned by the National Research Council's report titled Vision and Voyages for Planetary Science in the Decade 2013-2022, developed for NASA Science Mission Directorate (SMD) Plan...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781624102394
ISBN:
(纸本)9781624102394
Future planetary explorations envisioned by the National Research Council's report titled Vision and Voyages for Planetary Science in the Decade 2013-2022, developed for NASA Science Mission Directorate (SMD) Planetary Science Division (PSD), seek to reach targets of broad scientific interest across the solar system. This goal requires new capabilities such as innovative interplanetary trajectories, precision landing, operation in close proximity to targets, precision pointing, multiple collaborating spacecraft, multiple target tours, and advanced robotic surface exploration. Advancements in Guidance, Navigation, and Control (GN&C) and mission design in the areas of software, algorithm development and sensors will be necessary to accomplish these future missions. This paper summarizes the key GN&C and mission design capabilities and technologies needed for future missions pursuing SMD PSD's scientific goals.
In April 2006, a terrain-relative navigation experiment successfully flew on a sounding rocket mission at White Sands Missile Range. The mission was designated by NASA/Wallops Flight Facility as 41.068 NT/Seybold (&qu...
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ISBN:
(纸本)1563478935
In April 2006, a terrain-relative navigation experiment successfully flew on a sounding rocket mission at White Sands Missile Range. The mission was designated by NASA/Wallops Flight Facility as 41.068 NT/Seybold ("41.068") and was flown as part of the New Millennium Program ST9 Terrain-Relative Guidance system (TRGS) Project's competitive Phase A effort. The TRN experiment had two objectives: 1) To demonstrate the viability of a navigation filter for precision landing that uses on-board IMU and descent image data to achieve position knowledge errors of less than 100m, validated with GPS data recorded during flight;and 2) To establish that commercial off-the-shelf cameras can be packaged sufficiently well to survive the sounding rocket launch environment. Both objectives were met. The 13 min flight provided a data set that was processed post-flight through the prototype algorithms to bring the ST9 TRGS Project to a technology readiness level of 4 in TRN. This paper describes the flight system development and operations of the TRN experiment on 41.068.
Two highly rated Venus mission concepts proposed in the National Science Foundation Decadal Survey require a balloon to lift payloads from Venusian surface to high altitudes: Venus Surface Sample Return (VESSR) and Ve...
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ISBN:
(纸本)1563477408
Two highly rated Venus mission concepts proposed in the National Science Foundation Decadal Survey require a balloon to lift payloads from Venusian surface to high altitudes: Venus Surface Sample Return (VESSR) and Venus In-Situ Explorer (VISE). In case of VESSR the payload is a canister with the surface sample plus a Venus ascent vehicle (VAV), which is a rocket that takes the sample into orbit for rendezvous with an Earth return vehicle. VISE is enyisioned as a more limited precursor mission where the surface sample is only taken to high altitudes so that non time-critical scientific analyses can be performed. From the balloon point of view, the only difference between these two missions is that the VESSR payload to be lifted is very much larger than VISE because of the inclusion of the VAV. A key problem is that at the time the Decadal Survey was published no high temperature balloon technology existed to implement either mission. Prior technology development efforts had concentrated on a single balloon that could operate across the entire 0-60 km altitude range, tolerating both the sulfuric acid aerosols and the extreme temperatures of -10 to +460°C. However, this problem was unsolved because no combination of sufficiently lightweight balloon material and manufacturing (seaming) technology was ever found to tolerate the high temperatures at the surface. In this paper, the authors describe a solution to the problem based on the idea of using a two-balloon approach. One balloon is optimized for high temperature service in the lower atmosphere, while the second is optimized for high altitude performance. Both balloons can be made from available materials with known fabrication technology. The near-surface balloon will be a metal bellows made of stainless steel or other suitable alloy. The relatively high mass of metal material is allowable in this architecture because only small balloons are needed to lift significant payloads in the dense lower atmosphere of Venus
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