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Reliability analysis of transverse stability of surface ships

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第3期109卷 129-140页

作者： Atua, K Ayyub, BM Khaled l. Atua:is a graduate student at the Reliability Engi-neering Program at the University of Maryland at College Park. He completed his B.S. degree in naval architecture and marine engineering in 1988 and completed his M.S. degree in naval architecture and marine engineering in 1992 at Alexandtia University. He is also a visiting scholar in the Civil Engineering Department at the University ofMaryland at Colkge Park. He is conducting research with Dc Bilal M. Ayyub in the area of develupment of reliability-based design of ship structures and systems. He is a member ofASNE and SNAME. He has authored or coauthored several papers and reports. Bilal M. Ayyub: Ph.D. RE. is aprofssor of civil engineer-ing at the University of Maryland at College Park. He is also a researcher and consultant in the areas of structural engineering inspection methods and practices reliability and risk analysis. Dc Ayyub completed his B.S. degree in civil engineering in 1980 and completed both his M.S. (1981) and Ph.D. (1983) degrees in civil engineering at the Georgia Institute of Echnol-OD. Dc Ayyub has an extensive background in uncertainty modeling and analysis risk-based analysis and design simula-ion and marine structural reliability. He is engaged in research work involving structural reliability marine structures uncer-tainty modeling and analysis and mathematical modeling using the theories of probability statistics and fuzzy sets. He has completed several research projects that were funded by the National Science Foundation the U S. Coast Guard the U.S. Navy the U.S. Department of Defense the U.S. Army crops of Engineers the Maryland State Highway Administration the American Society ofMechanica1 Engineers and several engi-neering companies. Dc Ayyub served the engineering communio in various capacities through societies that include ASNE ASCE ASME SNAME IEEE-CS and NMIPS. He is a member ofthe ASME Research Committee of Risk Ethnology and the ASME Committee on Human Factors. Currently he is the chai

An introduction to a rational development of transverse stability criteria for surface ships is presented in this paper. The development is based on a probabilistic analysis of the uncertainties associated with the design parameters involved in determining the transverse stability. Reliability methods are used for assessing and determining transverse stability of ships. These reliability methods address the uncertainties associated with the basic design variables that are involved in stability assessment and design. The sources of uncertainty in stability variables are presented, uncertainties associated with these basic random variables are summarized, different reliability assessment methods are described, a case study that shows the computation procedure using some of these methods is discussed for illustration purposes, and finally, conclusions and recommendations for further work in this area are presented.

关键词： Naval vessels

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Influence of human engineering on manning levels and human performance on ships

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第5期109卷 67-76页

作者： Anderson, DE Oberman, FR Malone, TB Baker, CC David E. Anderson:has a bachelor of science degree in environmental engineering from Florida Technological University and a master's degree in environmental engineering from the University of Central Florida. He is a graduate of the Naval Sea Systems Command's Engineer-In-Training (EIT) Program. Mr. Anderson was instrumental in introducing the collective protection system (CPS) in the U.S. Navy developing the initial forward-fit package for the USS Gunston Hall and the engineering change proposal (ECP) for the USS Wasp. In 1990 he joined the Human Systems Integration (HSI) Division (SEA 55W5) where he was task leader for auxiliary ships. He is currently the HSI manager for the future technology variant of the SeaLift ship and the future carrier. Association of Scientists and Engineers 33rdAnnual Technical Symposium 26 April 1996. Fred R. Oberman:has B.A. and M.A. degrees from the University of Chicago and Loyola University (experimental psychology) and an M.S. degree in industrial engineering and operations research from Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI). He has more than 30 years experience in HSI management planning research analysis design and testing in government and private sector positions. He is currently responsible for NavSea HSI generic research and tool development efforts. He is responsible for Human Engineering Specifications and Standards (Commercial Hypertext) and is the NavSea 03D7 representative on HSI in Performance Specifications and for integration of HSI within Integrated Logistic Support (ILS). He has served as DoD HSI SubTAG chair and member of the Simulation and Modeling Test and Evaluation Display and Control Systems Human Computer Interaction Specifications and Standards and Systems Design Sub Tags as a member of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers (SNAME) Systems Safety Panel and a member of NATO RSG 14 on man-machine analysis. Thomas B. Malone: CHFEP received a Ph.D. in experimental psychology from Fordham University in 1964. He is president of Carlow

The objectives of Human Engineering (HE) are generally viewed as increasing human performance, reducing human error, enhancing personnel and equipment safety, and reducing training and related personnel costs. There are other benefits that are thoroughly consistent with the direction of the Navy of the future, chief among these is reduction of required numbers of personnel to operate and maintain Navy ships. The Naval Research Advisory Committee (NRAC) report on Man-Machine Technology in the Navy estimated that one of the benefits from increased application of man-machine technology to Navy ship design is personnel reduction as well as improving system availability, effectiveness, and safety The objective of this paper is to discuss aspects of the human engineering design of ships and systems that affect manning requirements, and impact human-performance and safety The paper will also discuss how the application of human engineering leads to improved performance, and crew safety, and reduced workload, all of which influence manning levels. Finally, the paper presents a discussion of tools and case studies of good human engineering design practices which reduce manning.

关键词： Human engineering

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Application of high temperature superconducting wire to magnetostrictive transducers for underwater sonar

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第1期109卷 31-39页

作者： Joshi, CH Lindberg, JF Clark, AE Dr. Chad H. Joshi:is president of Energen Incorporated an engineering and development firm specializing in cryogenic and electromechanical systems. The research presented here was conducted while he was employed at American Superconductor Coporation where he held both technical and program management positions. While there Dr. Joshi managed the development of several demonstration products including the sonar transducer presented here. He holds M.S. and Sc.D. degreesfrom the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a B.S. degree from the Worcester Polytechnic Institute. He has worked in several diverse fields including solar energy fluidized bed technology and superconductivity. His work on stochastic analysis of solar insolation was recognized by the ASME and his doctoral research was accorded international recognition for its unique contribution to understanding quenching in superconducting magnets. Dr. Joshi has numerous patents and more than thirty-five technical publications to his credit. He is a registered Professional Engineer in Massachusetts and an active member of ASME and IEEE. He is a co-founder and treasurer of the New England Chapter of the Cryogenics Society of America. He will be listed in Whos Who in the East in 1997. Jan Lindberg:is a physicist in the Transducers and Arrays Division of the Naval Undersea Warfare Center in New London Connecticut. He leads NUWC'S exploratory development efforts for transduction science and currently is spearheading an effort to introduce high-energy density active materials into tactical sonar systems. With the discovery of high temperature superconductivity he saw the potential benefit of integrating several emerging technologies and enticed American Superconductor Corp. to develop a high temperature superconducting transducer which resulted in the March 1993 demonstration of the world's first integrated high temperature superconducting device. Mr. Lindberg's current interests involve design of high power ultrasonic copolymer arrays characterization of

A low-frequency underwater acoustic transducer integrating high-temperature superconducting (HTS) coils and terbium-dysprosium (TbDy) magnetostrictive material was designed, fabricated and tested. This represents a novel application for high-temperature superconductivity and is a first example of an integrated system involving HTS coils cooled by a mechanical cryocooler. It also brings HTS technology together with a novel magnetic materials technology. The I-ITS coils were fabricated using react-and-wind BiSrCaCuO-2223 HTS wires. They produce a peak field of 0.1 Tesla at 50 K. A single-stage, Stirling-cycle cryocooler was used to cool the coils and the TbDy driver to cryogenic temperatures (50-65K). The coils provide an AC magnetic field superimposed on a DC bias field, which produces oscillatory strain within the magnetostrictive rod;this motion is transmitted through a cryostat to two head masses which project sound into the surrounding environment. High power acoustic output can be obtained by operating the transducer at its resonance frequencies of 520 Hz in air and 430 Hz underwater. This development demonstrates that, unlike low temperature superconductors, HTS wires can be considered for AC applications due to the low losses in these superconductors and the higher heat capacities of materials at temperatures above liquid helium.

关键词： Underwater equipment

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A device simulation of the BBT effect in flash memory cells and implications for the development of high-reliability memory cells

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ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART II-ELECTRONICS 1996年第11期79卷 51-57页

作者： Hayashi, T Fukuda, K Ohno, M Nishi, K Kita, A VLSI R&D Center OKI Electric Industry Company Ltd. Hachioji-shi Japan 193 Graduated from the Science University of Tokyo Dept. of Applied Physics in 1986 and joined Oki Electric. Since then he has been engaged in research on the reliability of MOS transistors and silicon oxide films. Since 1994 he has been engaged in the development of flash memory. He is a member of the Applied Physics Society. Graduated from the University of Tokyo Dept. of Applied Physics in 1983 and joined Oki Electric in 1985. Since then he has been engaged in research on the semiconductor process and device simulation. In 1990 he participated in joint research at the Technical University of Aachen. He is a member of the Applied Physics Society. Graduated from the Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Dept. of Electrical Engineering in 1980 and completed an MS course in 1983. In 1986 he completed the doctoral course at Shizuoka University. He then joined Oki Electric where he has been engaged in research on ULSI processes. He is now a manager responsible for flash memory at the VLSI R&D Center. He holds a doctorate in engineering. He is a member of the Applied Physics Society. Graduated from the University of Tokyo Dept. of Applied Physics in 1973 and joined Oki Electric. He was engaged in the development of integrated circuit logic simulation technology and bipolar process technology and since 1980 he has been engaged in research on process/device simulation and modeling. Presently he is a senior manager at the VLSI R&D Center. In 1982–1984 he was a Visiting Scholar at MIT. He holds a doctorate in engineering. He is a member of the Applied Physics Society and a senior member of IEEE. Graduated from Tokyo Institute of Technology Dept. of Chemical Engineering in 1978 and completed the MS program in 1930. In that year he joined Oki Electric. Since then he has been engaged in CMOS process design for DRAM and flash memory. He is now a manager at the VLSI R&D Center. He is a member of the Applied Physics Society.

In order to analyze the BBT (band-to-band tunneling) phenomenon in flash memory cells by simulation, a new model is proposed, which improves on the BBT model by introducing the concept of ''average electric field.'' This model agrees well with the measured results in a wide drain N-concentration range. Using this model, the reliability of memory cells is analyzed. It is found that the difference of the amount of BBT generation does not directly affect the endurance characteristics but does affect the disturb characteristics. The same model can be used to analyze problem points of the present cells and to estimate the BBT current of next-generation devices accurately.

关键词： band-to-band tunneling flash memory simulation endurance characteristics

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MODAL TEST OF JONES,JOHN,PAUL (DDG-53) MAST AND MAST-MOUNTED ANTENNAS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1994年第2期106卷 110-117页

作者： MCLEAN, M HILL, J COBB, R RANDALL, F Mark McLean:has been with the Naval Sea Systems Command for eight years and is currently with Code 03K. He is responsible for survivability assessment of combat systems equipment. He has participated in all U.S. Navy ship shock tests conducted since 1985 and is responsible for failure assessment and redesign efforts for numerous combat systems equipment. He was selected by the NavSea Program Offices to be a member of the damage assessment teams providing early inspection in the Samuel B. Roberts (FFG-58) and Princeton (CG-59) incidents. Mr. McLean graduated from the University of Virginia in 1983 with an MS degree in chemical engineering. Jerry Hill:has been with NKF Engineering Inc. for twelve years. Currently managing the structural dynamics department Mr. Hill is responsible for numerous survivability related analysis and design efforts. This includes dynamic mathematical simulation and prediction field testing and qualification and full-scale ship shock testing. Mr. Hill graduated from the University of Maryland with a BS degree in mechanical engineering. He is a registered Professional Engineer. Dr. Richard Cobb:has been with NKF Engineering Inc. as a senior engineer since 1990. He is involved with research and development projects including dynamics modal testing vibration design instrumentation and underwater explosion. Prior to joining NKF he was an instructor of mechanical engineering at Virginia Tech. Dr. Cobb holds a Ph.D. in mechanical engineering from Virginia Tech with dissertation research in the areas of experimental modal analysis and frequency response function estimation using Fast Fourier transform methods. Fred Randall:has been manager of the noise shock and vibration department at Bath Iron Works since 1987. As such he is responsible for all dynamic measurements conducted by the shipyard. From 1982 to 1987 he was with TRW in the survivability department conducting investigations of shock propagation structural media interaction and soils modeling and analysis. Mr. Randall gr

A modal test of the John Paul Jones (DDG-53) mainmast structure and mast-mounted antennas was conducted. The test was part of a larger effort to accurately determine dynamic characteristics of the ''as-built'' mast/antenna system and survivability in the vibration and underwater explosion (UNDEX) shock environment. Previous mathematical analysis of the DDG-51 class mast and antennas predicted response acceleration levels during a shock trials scenario to be excessive in some areas. The modal test results now provide, however, confirmed dynamic response characteristics including mode shapes, frequencies, and damping for the structure. The test data accounts for the flexibility of ship's structure including the deckhouse supporting the mast. In addition, the natural frequencies of the antennas were determined for the response range of the mast structure with the flexibility of the supporting foundations taken into account. Using the test results, a finite element model of the mast structure and antennas was built accurately representing the dynamic characteristics of the system. Dynamic transient shock analysis was conducted to provide response predictions of the mast and antennas using the validated model. Any potential response amplification conditions that might result in failure during shock trials were identified.

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AN ENVIRONMENTALISTS PERSPECTIVE ON ALTERNATIVES TO PUMP AND TREAT FOR GROUND-WATER REMEDIATION

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GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION 1993年第4期13卷 92-94页

作者： ROSS, DL Lauren Ross is an engineer and consultant on environmental and statistical projects. She has a B.S. M.S. and Ph.D. in civil engineering. Dr. Ross has 15 years of engineering experience particularly in the design of ground water monitoring systems data analysis computer modeling and computer program development. She has also worked on non-point source pollution assessment for storm water runoff. In addition to industry and governmental clients Dr. Ross provides engineering consulting to environmental groups including Save Barton Creek Association and the SOS Coalition in Austin Texas.

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ROLE OF SIMULATION IN RAPID PROTOTYPING FOR CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1991年第3期103卷 204-211页

作者： KING, JF BARTON, DE J. Fred King:is the manager of the Advanced Technology Department for Unisys in Reston Virginia. He earned his Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of Houston in 1977. He has been principal investigator of research projects in knowledge engineering pattern recognition and heuristic problem-solving. Efforts include the development of a multi-temporal multispectral classifier for identifying graincrops using LANDSAT satellite imagery data for NASA. Also as a member of the research team for a NCI study with Baylor College of Medicine and NASA he helped develop techniques for detection of carcinoma using multispectral microphotometer scans of lung tissue. He established and became technical director of the AI Laboratory for Ford Aerospace where he developed expert scheduling modeling and knowledge acquisition systems for NASA. Since joining Unisys in 1985 he has led the development of object-oriented programming environments blackboard architectures data fusion techniques using neural networks and intelligent data base systems. Douglas E. Barton:is manager of Logistics Information Systems for Unisys in Reston Virginia. He earned his B.A. degree in computer science from the College of William and Mary in 1978 and did postgraduate work in London as a Drapers Company scholar. Since joining Unisys in 1981 his work has concentrated on program management and software engineering of large scale data base management systems and design and implementation of knowledge-based systems in planning and logistics. As chairman of the Logistics Data Subcommittee of the National Security Industrial Association (NSIA) he led an industry initiative which examined concepts in knowledge-based systems in military logistics. His responsibilities also include evaluation development and tailoring of software engineering standards and procedures for data base and knowledge-based systems. He is currently program manager of the Navigation Information Management System which provides support to the Fleet Ballistic Missile Progr

A valuable technique during concept development is rapid prototyping of software for key design components. This approach is particularly useful when the optimum design approach is not readily apparent or several known alternatives need to be rapidly evaluated. A problem inherent in rapid prototyping is the lack of a "target system" with which to interface. Some alternatives are to develop test driver libraries, integrate the prototype with an existing working simulator, or build one for the specific problem. This paper presents a unique approach to concept development using rapid prototyping for concept development and scenario-based simulation for concept verification. The rapid prototyping environment, derived from artificial intelligence technology, is based on a blackboard architecture. The rapid prototype simulation capability is provided through an object-oriented modeling environment. It is shown how both simulation and blackboard technologies are used collectively to rapidly gain insight into a tenacious problem. A specific example will be discussed where this approach was used to evolve the logic of a mission controller for an autonomous underwater vehicle.

关键词： Military Engineering

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A REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION OF AN ORGANICALLY POLLUTED OUTWASH AQUIFER

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GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION 1989年第3期9卷 119-125页

作者： JACKSON, RE PATTERSON, RJ Richard Jackson is chief of the Ground Water Contamination Project at the National Water Research Institute of Canada (CCIW P.O. Box 5050 Burlington Ontario L7R 4A6 Canada). He was awarded a Ph.D. in contaminant hydrogeology by the University of Waterloo in 1979 and a B.S. in hydrology by the University of Arizona in 1969. Ron Patterson was awarded a Ph.D. by Princeton University in 1972 and has more than 17years experience in contaminant hydrogeology geochemistry and waste site assessment and remediation. He is a senior program manager with Golder Associates Inc. (1809 N. Mill St Ste. C Naperville IL 60540) and is involved in projects that include the design installation and sampling of monitoring well networks ground water flow and transport modeling selection and design of remedial alternatives and ground water supply.

A glacial outwash aquifer underlying the Gloucester Landfill near Ottawa, Canada, has become polluted with various organic chemicals following the disposal of laboratory solvents in shallow trenches immediately above the aquifer. Several remedial alternatives have been considered by the government of Canada. Impermeable barrier walls were rejected as being unsuitable given the permeable nature of the underlying bedrock. It appears improbable that pools of liquid organic chemicals (DNAPLs) exist within the aquifer, although ganglia are likely present. Therefore, much of the contaminant plume can be removed hydraulically over a period of five years by the operation of four purge wells discharging to an on-site treatment plant from which the purified water is returned to the aquifer by recharge wells. The residual contamination is anticipated to be cleaned up by in situ biorestoration techniques currently under development.

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INTERCOMPARTMENTAL FLUID SHIFTS IN HEMODIALYSIS-PATIENTS

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BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS 1987年第2期3卷 69-73页

作者： HEINEKEN, FG EVANS, MC KEEN, ML GOTCH, FA COBE Laboratories Inc. Lakewood Colorado Fred G. Heineken is currently Program Director for Biotechnology within the Emerging Engineering Technologies Division of the Engineering Directorate of the National Science Foundation. He received his B.Sc. degree in Chemical Engineering from Northwestern University and his Ph.D. degree in the same discipline from the University of Minnesota. His work experience includes fermentation research at Monsanto teaching and research in respiration physiology at the University of Colorado and hemodialysis product design and evaluation at COBE Laboratories. Hemodialysis Treatment and Research Center Franklin Hospital Ralph K. Davis Medical Center San Francisco California Mary C. Evans has a BS degree in Chemistry from the University of Florida. She has held positions in the artificial kidney development group at Dow Chemical Company and the new product development group of Cordis-Dow Corporation. She is currently working in clinical research in the Hemodialysis Treatment & Research Center at Franklin Hospital in San Francisco. Marcia Keen is currently a doctoral student at the University of California San Francisco and serves as Clinical Research Supervisor at the Hemodialysis Treatment & Research Center at Franklin Hospital in San Francisco. She received her MS at the University of California San Francisco. Her thesis research developed a non-invasive Doppler technique to quantitate vascular access graft flow in hemodialysis patients. Her research interests include physiologic responses to dialysis therapy manipulations. Frank Gotch is an Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine at the University of California San Francisco. He received his BA and MD from the University of California and is currently Medical Director of the Hemodialysis Treatment & Research Center at Franklin Hospital in San Francisco. His research has addressed such issues as adequacy of dialysis and mathematical modeling of hemodialysis and associated therapies. He is a past president of the American

Hemodialysis is a therapeutic procedure for replacing some functions of the natural kidney. As such, it is capable of allowing people with little or no residual kidney function to survive and in some cases to lead productive lives. There are, unfortunately, a number of side effects associated with this procedure (shock, muscle cramps, fatigue, etc.). In order to minimize these side effects, we have undertaken to model shifts of fluid between the intracellular and extracellular fluid spaces in hemodialysis patients. Fluid shifts are primarily a function of osmolality differences between these fluid spaces. Changes in osmolality are caused mainly by changes in urea and salt concentrations. Least squares analysis of patient data has been used to estimate the appropriate ultrafiltration and urea mass transfer coefficients for each patient. The model has then been used to find a dialysate sodium concentration profile that will minimize fluid shifts into and out of the intracellular fluid space.

关键词： BIOMEDICAL EQUIPMENT

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RECENT ADVANCES IN THE SEAKEEPING ASSESSMENT OF SHIPS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1985年第4期97卷 224-233页

作者： MCCREIGHT, KK STAHL, RG Kathryn K. McCreight:is a member of the Ship Dynamics Division at the David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center. She has worked on a range of projects including some related to modeling the dynamic characteristics of SWATH ships assessing the seaworthiness of ships and analyzing the relationship between hullform characteristics and seaworthiness of SWATH designs. She received a B.A. in mathematics from Wells College in 1968 and an M.S. in hydromechanics from George Washington University in 1979. Ralph G. Stahl:received his B.S. degree in physics from Drexel University in Philadelphia. Together with the curriculum associated student training program he has been associated with the David W. Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center (DTNSRDC) and its predecessor organizations throughout his professional career. For the past five years he has participated in the development of SWATH ship seakeeping performance assessment technology which encompasses the development of initial design concepts and characterizing corresponding dynamic qualities.

Three factors affect the operability of a ship in a seaway: the motion characteristics of the ship, the environment, and the mission requirements. A method is presented which predicts the operability of a ship at specific geographical locations. Analysis of operability is carried out using transfer functions which represent the motion characteristics of a ship, wave data for the North Atlantic and for the North Pacific, and limiting motion criteria for a specific mission. From these three factors, operability indices are developed. Operability indices include the percent of time of operation (PTO) and the limiting significant wave height (LSWH). Contours which describe bands of constant values of the percent of time of operation for a mission are determined. In developing the indices and resultant contours, operability in the presence of each of a large number of wave spectra is weighted according to probability of occurrence of that wave spectrum. The probability of occurrence of wave spectra for the winter and for the entire year for 57 points in the North Atlantic and 21 points in the North Pacific is used for various combinations of significant wave height and spectral modal period. Composite wave data for the general North Atlantic or general North Pacific also are utilized. The operability for mobility criteria of six hullforms ranging in displacement from approximately 3,000 to 9,000 tons is compared. Both monohull and SWATH configurations are considered. Comparison of operability as a function of significant wave height, as a function of displacement, and as a function of speed is made using winter and annual wave statistics for the general North Atlantic. Some results also are presented for the general North Pacific. Operability contours for the North Atlantic are presented for the hullforms. Tabulated limiting significant wave heights for various operating conditions are presented. The effect of systematic variations in performance criteria on performance

关键词： SHIPS

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