modeling and simulation is one of the fastest growing areas of engineering. It is also one of the fastest growing areas of cutting edge research in the social sciences. And yet, there has been relatively little intera...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781604239232
modeling and simulation is one of the fastest growing areas of engineering. It is also one of the fastest growing areas of cutting edge research in the social sciences. And yet, there has been relatively little interaction between engineers and social scientists. The concept of interoperability suggests a broad program to integrate modeling and simulation across a range of disciplines. We argue in this paper that this is a particularly apposite agenda for the gap between the social sciences and engineering. There are a broad range of engineering problems for which the human element is critical. Developing approaches to modeling and simulation that will allow the incorporation of human behavior in consistent and systematic ways is an essential research frontier. To this end\ we briefly review how differences between social and physical systems may challenge the integration enterprise. Ultimately, a common language needs to be developed for interoperable modeling and simulation across disciplines. At the same time, the more effective incorporation of modeling and simulation into the social science learning environment, and making room for some exposure to the social sciences in the engineering curriculum will be essential for facilitating the kinds of collaboration that will be necessary for tackling a range of twenty-first century challenges.
Aboard current ships, such as the DDG 51, engineering control and damage control activities are manpower intensive. It is anticipated that, for future combatants, the workload demand arising from operation of systems ...
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Aboard current ships, such as the DDG 51, engineering control and damage control activities are manpower intensive. It is anticipated that, for future combatants, the workload demand arising from operation of systems under conditions of normal steaming and during casualty response will need to be markedly reduced via automated monitoring, autonomous control, and other technology initiatives. Current DDG 51 class ships can be considered as a manpower baseline and under Condition III typical engineering control involves seven to eight watchstanders at manned stations in the Central Control Station, the engine rooms and other machinery spaces. In contrast to this manning level, initiatives such as DD 21 and the integrated engineering plant (IEP) envision a partnership between the operator and the automation system, with more and more of the operator's functions being shifted to the automation system as manning levels decrease. This paper describes some human systems integration studies of workload demand reduction and, consequently, manning reduction that can be achieved due to application of several advanced technology concepts. Advanced system concept studies in relation to workload demand are described and reviewed including. Piecemeal applications of diverse automation and remote control technology concepts to selected high driver tasks in current DDG 51 activities. Development of the reduced ship's crew by virtual presence system that will provide automated monitoring and display to operators of machinery health, compartment conditions, and personnel health. The IEP envisions the machinery control system as a provider of resources that are used by various consumers around the ship. Resource needs and consumer priorities are at all times dependent upon the ship's current mission and the availability of equipment pawnbrokers.
作者：
Calvert, JFJeffrey F. Calvert
P.E.:has spent the last twelve years of his career with the Aricraft Division and Training Systems Division of the Naval Air Warfare Center. His engineering experience includes research and development test and evaluation and training ssystems program for numberous military and research aricraft program. Currently Mr. Calvert is employed at the Training Systems Division in Orlando where he is applying his aero-sciences knowledge as a modeling and simulation subject matter expert. Mr. Calvert holds a bachelor of science degree in aerospace engineering and a master's degree in engineering science. He is a graduate of the United States Naval Test Pilot School under the Flight Test Engineering curriculum. He holds a general aviation pilot's licence and has special aircrew tectical aircraft Mr. Calvert is a registered professional engineer a member of the Society of Flight Test Engineers (SFTE) and the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) and the AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technical Committee. He has authored more than thirty technical reports and was the 1993 recipient of the AIAA Creater Philadelphia Chapter Award for Ground Testing and Simulation.
The V/STOL capability of the AV-8B Harrier is provided through a sophisticated combination of vectored thrust and aerodynamic technology. The proper interaction of the nozzle thrust and flap system is of extreme impor...
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The V/STOL capability of the AV-8B Harrier is provided through a sophisticated combination of vectored thrust and aerodynamic technology. The proper interaction of the nozzle thrust and flap system is of extreme importance. Specific combinations of nozzle angle and flap position are employed to optimize both jet lift and aerodynamic lift. However, if the proper flap-nozzle position schedule is violated, the resulting thrust and flap impingement may cause a severe nose-down pitching moment sufficient to override the pilot control. Depending upon ground proximity, this condition creates a hazard which causes great potential for loss of aircraft and/or pilot. Flap impingement hazard was identified on the AV-8B aircraft as a potential catastrophic flight hazard. In response, a requirement was established to 1) study the severity of the flap impingement hazard on the AV-8B, 2) devise flight operational procedures which would minimize pilot exposure to the hazard potential and the resulting pilot control problems during flight, and 3) devise a training capability to familiarize pilots with flap impingement hazard characteristics and recovery procedures. This paper comprises the results of a study which utilized piloted flight simulation and fleet simulation trainers to meet these requirements.
The objectives of Human Engineering (HE) are generally viewed as increasing human performance, reducing human error, enhancing personnel and equipment safety, and reducing training and related personnel costs. There a...
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The objectives of Human Engineering (HE) are generally viewed as increasing human performance, reducing human error, enhancing personnel and equipment safety, and reducing training and related personnel costs. There are other benefits that are thoroughly consistent with the direction of the Navy of the future, chief among these is reduction of required numbers of personnel to operate and maintain Navy ships. The Naval Research Advisory Committee (NRAC) report on Man-Machine Technology in the Navy estimated that one of the benefits from increased application of man-machine technology to Navy ship design is personnel reduction as well as improving system availability, effectiveness, and safety The objective of this paper is to discuss aspects of the human engineering design of ships and systems that affect manning requirements, and impact human-performance and safety The paper will also discuss how the application of human engineering leads to improved performance, and crew safety, and reduced workload, all of which influence manning levels. Finally, the paper presents a discussion of tools and case studies of good human engineering design practices which reduce manning.
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