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Imp: Highly Capable Large Multimodal Models for Mobile Devices

IEEE Transactions on Multimedia 2025年 27卷 2961-2974页

作者： Shao, Zhenwei Yu, Zhou Yu, Jun Ouyang, Xuecheng Zheng, Lihao Gai, Zhenbiao Wang, Mingyang Kuang, Zhenzhong Ding, Jiajun Hangzhou Dianzi University Key Laboratory of Complex Systems Modeling and Simulation School of Computer Science Hangzhou310005 China Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen School of Intelligence Science and Engineering Shenzhen518057 China Hangzhou Dianzi University HDU-ITMO Joint Institute Hangzhou310005 China

By harnessing the capabilities of large language models (LLMs), recent large multimodal models (LMMs) have shown remarkable versatility in open-world multimodal understanding. Nevertheless, they are usually parameter-heavy and computation-intensive, thus hindering their applicability in resource-constrained scenarios. To this end, several lightweight LMMs have been proposed successively to maximize the capabilities under constrained scale (e.g., 3B). Despite the encouraging results achieved by these methods, most of them only focus on one or two aspects of the design space, and the key design choices that influence model capability have not yet been thoroughly investigated. In this paper, we conduct a systematic study for lightweight LMMs from the aspects of model architecture, training strategy, and training data. Based on our findings, we obtain Imp - a family of highly capable LMMs at the 2B ∼ 4B scales. Notably, our Imp-3B model steadily outperforms all the existing lightweight LMMs of similar size, and even surpasses the state-of-the-art LMMs at the 13B scale. With low-bit quantization and resolution reduction techniques, our Imp model can be deployed on a Qualcomm Snapdragon 8Gen3 mobile chip with a high inference speed of about 13 tokens/s. © 1999-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Visual languages

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Feasibility of completely electrified two-way car sharing

Feasibility of completely electrified two-way car sharing

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2022 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids, SmartGridComm 2022

作者： Strobel, Leo Pruckner, Marco Modeling and Simulation Institute of Computer Science University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781665432542

ISBN: (纸本)9781665432542

Car sharing is a more sustainable approach to personal mobility than vehicle ownership, especially if car sharing services electrify their fleets. However, due to the limited range and slow charging process of electric vehicles, car sharing providers might face problems keeping the vehicles adequately charged. This paper analyzes 4.5 years of real booking data from a German two-way car sharing provider. The dataset includes information on the booking time window, driven distance, and location. We use this data to study the customer behavior and simulate the past operation with a completely electrified fleet. Based on the simulation, we determine whether charging problems exist and how they can be solved by adapting the charging rate, battery capacity, and number of charging points. Our results indicate that the operation of the service with modern electric vehicles is entirely feasible. Per car sharing station, two charging points are sufficient if vehicles do not have to be connected immediately upon arrival (by the customer), but can connect later once another vehicle has finished charging. Somewhat problematic is that 4% of the bookings have a longer driven distance than the vehicle's range. In these cases, the disutility to customers is unclear but, in all likelihood, manageable. Furthermore, we find that 50% of the charging events can be shifted by more than 10h, indicating significant flexibility that could be utilized for smart charging and the provision of ancillary services in the future. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Sales

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Evolutionary Interest Representation Network for Click-Through Rate Prediction

Evolutionary Interest Representation Network for Click-Throu...

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2023 IEEE International Conference on Web Services, ICWS 2023

作者： Zhou, Renjie Jin, Zhenming Wan, Jian Zhang, Jilin Guo, Xingyu Liu, Qiang Hangzhou Dianzi University Key Laboratory of Complex Systems Modeling and Simulation of the Ministry of Education School of Computer Science and Technology Hangzhou China Hangzhou Dianzi University Key Laboratory of Complex Systems Modeling and Simulation of the Ministry of Education Itmo Joint Institute Hangzhou China Zhejiang University of Science and Technology School of Information and Electronic Engineering Hangzhou China Zhejiang Police College Dept. of Computer and Information Technology Hangzhou China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350304855

The rapid development of the Internet has revo-lutionized our lives, providing us with an array of convenient services. However, this revolution has also led to the problem of data overload. Personalized recommendation services have been widely recognized as an effective solution to this problem by both the industrial and academic communities. Accurate prediction of click-through rate (CTR) is a critical task in personalized recommendation systems since it can improve the user's shopping experience, ultimately increasing revenue for the platform. To achieve accurate CTR prediction, it is crucial to capture user interests. While several methods for interest modeling exist, challenges related to user interest evolution and user behavior noise need further attention. This paper proposes a novel CTR prediction model named the Evolutionary Interest Representation Network (EIRN), which learns the evolving interest representation of users from their behaviors, profiles, and environmental attributes. In the model, we introduce an advertisement correlation graph decomposition layer and a noise filter layer to enhance and purify the user behavior representation. An interest extraction layer is designed to capture sequential correlations and common characteristics between user behaviors, representing their interests. Additionally, as user interests evolve over time and their importance changes, an attention-based interest evolution layer is designed to track the evolution of user interests. Our proposed method is validated using four public datasets and an industrial dataset, showing its superiority over existing CTR prediction methods. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Forecasting

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APT Adversarial Defence Mechanism for Industrial IoT Enabled Cyber-Physical System

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IEEE Access 2023年 11卷 74000-74020页

作者： Javed, Safdar Hussain Ahmad, Maaz Bin Asif, Muhammad Akram, Waseem Mahmood, Khalid Das, Ashok Kumar Shetty, Sachin College of Computing and Information Sciences Karachi75190 Pakistan Lahore Garrison University Department of Computer Science Lahore54810 Pakistan National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Graduate School of Intelligent Data Science Douliu64002 Taiwan International Institute of Information Technology at Hyderabad Center for Security Theory and Algorithmic Research Hyderabad500032 India Old Dominion University Simulation and Visualization Engineering Virginia Modeling Analysis and Simulation Center Department of Modeling SuffolkVA23435 United States Old Dominion University Center for Cybersecurity Education and Research SuffolkVA23435 United States

The objective of Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) attacks is to exploit Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) in combination with the Industrial Internet of Things (I-IoT) by using fast attack methods. Machine learning (ML) techniques have shown potential in identifying APT attacks in autonomous and malware detection systems. However, detecting hidden APT attacks in the I-IoT-enabled CPS domain and achieving real-time accuracy in detection present significant challenges for these techniques. To overcome these issues, a new approach is suggested that is based on the Graph Attention Network (GAN), a multi-dimensional algorithm that captures behavioral features along with the relevant information that other methods do not deliver. This approach utilizes masked self-attentional layers to address the limitations of prior Deep Learning (DL) methods that rely on convolutions. Two datasets, the DAPT2020 malware, and Edge I-IoT datasets are used to evaluate the approach, and it attains the highest detection accuracy of 96.97% and 95.97%, with prediction time of 20.56 seconds and 21.65 seconds, respectively. The GAN approach is compared to conventional ML algorithms, and simulation results demonstrate a significant performance improvement over these algorithms in the I-IoT-enabled CPS realm. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Real time systems

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Blockchain and PUF-based secure key establishment protocol for cross-domain digital twins in industrial Internet of Things architecture

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Journal of Advanced Research 2024年 62卷 155-163页

作者： Mahmood, Khalid Shamshad, Salman Saleem, Muhammad Asad Kharel, Rupak Das, Ashok Kumar Shetty, Sachin Rodrigues, Joel J.P.C. School of Psychology and Computer Science University of Central Lancashire Preston United Kingdom Graduate School of Intelligent Data Science National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Yunlin 64002 Taiwan Department of Software Engineering The University of Lahore Lahore 54590 Pakistan Department of Computer Science University of Sahiwal Punjab Sahiwal 57000 Pakistan Center for Security Theory and Algorithmic Research International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad 500 032 India Department of Modeling Simulation and Visualization Engineering Virginia Modeling Analysis and Simulation Center and Center for Cybersecurity Education and Research Old Dominion University Suffolk 23435 VA United States COPELABS Lusófona University Campo Grande 376 Lisbon 1749-024 Portugal

Introduction: The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is a technology that connects devices to collect data and conduct in-depth analysis to provide value-added services to industries. The integration of the physical and digital domains is crucial for unlocking the full potential of the IIoT, and digital twins can facilitate this integration by providing a virtual representation of real-world entities. Objectives: By combining digital twins with the IIoT, industries can simulate, predict, and control physical behaviors, enabling them to achieve broader value and support industry 4.0 and 5.0. Constituents of cooperative IIoT domains tend to interact and collaborate during their complicated operations. Methods: To secure such interaction and collaborations, we introduce a blockchain-based cross-domain authentication protocol for IIoT. The blockchain maintains only each domain's dynamic accumulator, which accumulates crucial materials derived from devices, decreasing the overhead. In addition, we use the on-chain accumulator to effectively validate the unlinkable identities of cross-domain IIoT devices. Results: The implementation of the concept reveals the fact that our protocol is efficient and reliable. This efficiency and reliability of our protocol is also substantiated through comparison with state-of-the-art literature. In contrast to related protocols, our protocol exhibits a minimum 22.67% increase in computation cost efficiency and a 16.35% rise in communication cost efficiency. Conclusion: The developed protocol guarantees data transfer security across the domain and thwarts IoT devices from potential physical attacks. Additionally, in order to protect privacy, anonymity and unlinkability are also guaranteed. © 2024

关键词： Digital twins Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) Key agreement Mutual authentication Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs)

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A Client Selection Method Based on Loss Function Optimization for Federated Learning

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computer modeling in Engineering & sciences 2023年第10期137卷 1047-1064页

作者： Yan Zeng Siyuan Teng Tian Xiang Jilin Zhang Yuankai Mu Yongjian Ren Jian Wan School of Computer Science and Technology Hangzhou Dianzi UniversityHangzhou310018China Key Laboratory of Complex System Modeling and Simulation Ministry of EducationHangzhou310018China Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Data Security Governance Hangzhou310018China Intelligent Robotics Research Center Zhejiang LabHangzhou311100China HDU-ITMO Joint Institute Hangzhou Dianzi UniversityHangzhou310018China

Federated learning is a distributedmachine learningmethod that can solve the increasingly serious problemof data islands and user data privacy,as it allows training data to be kept locally and not shared with other *** trains a globalmodel by aggregating locally-computedmodels of clients rather than their ***,the divergence of local models caused by data heterogeneity of different clients may lead to slow convergence of the global *** this problem,we focus on the client selection with federated learning,which can affect the convergence performance of the global model with the selected local *** propose FedChoice,a client selection method based on loss function optimization,to select appropriate local models to improve the convergence of the global *** firstly sets selected probability for clients with the value of loss function,and the client with high loss will be set higher selected probability,which can make them more likely to participate in ***,it introduces a local control vector and a global control vector to predict the local gradient direction and global gradient direction,respectively,and calculates the gradient correction vector to correct the gradient direction to reduce the cumulative deviationof the local gradient causedby *** experiments to verify the validity of FedChoice on CIFAR-10,CINIC-10,MNIST,EMNITS,and FEMNIST datasets,and the results show that the convergence of FedChoice is significantly improved,compared with FedAvg,FedProx,and FedNova.

关键词： Federated learning model aggregation Non-IID

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MD-TransUNet: TransUNet with Multi-attention and Dilated Convolution for Brain Stroke Lesion Segmentation 19th

MD-TransUNet: TransUNet with Multi-attention and Dilated C...

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19th EAI International Conference on Collaborative Computing: Networking, Applications and Worksharing, CollaborateCom 2023

作者： Xu, Jie Wan, Jian Zhang, Xin School of Computer Science and Technology Hangzhou Dianzi University Zhejiang310018 China Key Laboratory of Complex Systems Modeling and Simulation Ministry of Education Ministry of Education Beijing China School of Information and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University of Science and Technology Zhejiang China Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics Second Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural Resources Hangzhou China

ISBN: (纸本)9783031545276

The accurate segmentation of stroke lesion regions holds immense significance in shaping treatment strategies and rehabilitation protocols. Due to the large difference in the volume of stroke lesion areas and the great similarity between lesion areas and normal tissues, most of the existing methods for lesion segmentation cannot deal with these problems well. This paper proposes a novel network named MD-TransUNet for the segmentation of stroke lesions, whose framework is based on the UNet architecture. To fully obtain deep image features, it uses ResNet50 for downsampling. MD (multi-dilated) module is employed as the skip connection to gain more receptive fields. Different receptive fields can adapt to varying volumes of lesion areas. Then, a feature extraction module with multi-level attention mechanism is designed using ConvLSTM, non-local spatial attention, and channel attention modules to suppress useless information expression in skip connections and upsampling processes while focusing more on effective spatial and channel information in features. The experiments show that our proposed network gets superior performance than benchmark methods and indicates the generalization and effectiveness of the proposed model. © ICST institute for computer sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering 2024.

关键词： Convolution

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"Why not looking backward?" a robust two-step method to automatically terminate Bayesian optimization 23

"Why not looking backward?" a robust two-step method to auto...

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Proceedings of the 37th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems

作者： Shuang Li Ke Li Wei Li Control and Simulation Center Harbin Institute of Technology China and National Key Laboratory of Modeling and Simulation for Complex Systems China Department of Computer Science University of Exeter Exeter UK

Bayesian Optimization (BO) is a powerful method for tackling expensive blackbox optimization problems. As a sequential model-based optimization strategy, BO iteratively explores promising solutions until a predetermined budget, either iterations or time, is exhausted. The decision on when to terminate BO significantly influences both the quality of solutions and its computational efficiency. In this paper, we propose a simple, yet theoretically grounded, two-step method for automatically terminating BO. Our core concept is to proactively identify if the search is within a convex region by examining previously observed samples. BO is halted once the local regret within this convex region falls below a predetermined threshold. To enhance numerical stability, we propose an approximation method for calculating the termination indicator by solving a bilevel optimization problem. We conduct extensive empirical studies on diverse benchmark problems, including synthetic functions, reinforcement learning, and hyperparameter optimization. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method saves up to ≈ 80% computational budget yet is with an order of magnitude smaller performance degradation, comparing against the other peer methods. In addition, our proposed termination method is robust in terms of the setting of its termination criterion.

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Semiconductor Manufacturing Data Synthesis through GANs

Semiconductor Manufacturing Data Synthesis through GANs

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IEEE/SEMI Conference and Workshop on Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing

作者： Brian Tse Tori Wright Emmanuel Nsiye Timothy Azinord David Medina Sean Mondesire College of Engineering and Computer Science University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA Institute for Simulation and Training University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA School of Modeling Simulation & Training University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350384550

ISBN: (纸本)9798350384567

This paper introduces a novel application of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) in the creation of a digital twin of a semiconductor manufacturing plant, as well as the investigation of new evaluation metrics in synthetic data quality. Digital twins are the next technological step for long-term semiconductor manufacturing capacity planning, performance optimization, and job scheduling. However, real-time predictive analytics for this industry demands substantial historical data about equipment, operations, and performance metrics like Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE). In cases where such data is unavailable, GANs can fill these data gaps by providing sufficient synthetic data to enable predictive modeling and digital twin creation. This investigation successfully generated synthetic semiconductor manufacturing data through Conditional, Wasserstein, and Copula GANs, enabling the creation of the digital twin for predictive modeling and further research of manufacturing improvements. A new method of evaluating synthetic data through a metric based on the distance between distributions scaled by similarity is also investigated.

关键词： Semiconductor device modeling Semiconductor device manufacture Predictive models Generative adversarial networks Data models Loss measurement Digital twins

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A Provably Secure and Lightweight Access Control Protocol for EI-Based Vehicle to Grid Environment

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2023年第18期10卷 16650-16657页

作者： Shamshad, Salman Mahmood, Khalid Shamshad, Usman Hussain, Ibrar Hussain, Shafiq Das, Ashok Kumar The University of Lahore Department of Software Engineering Lahore54590 Pakistan National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Graduate School of Intelligent Data Science Douliu64002 Taiwan Riphah International University Riphah School of Computing and Innovation Lahore54000 Pakistan University of Sahiwal Department of Computer Science Sahiwal57000 Pakistan International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad Center for Security Theory and Algorithmic Research Hyderabad500032 India Old Dominion University Virginia Modeling Analysis and Simulation Center SuffolkVA23435 United States

The energy Internet (EI) presents a novel paradigm for renewable energy distribution that utilizes communication and computing technologies to revolutionize the conventional intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) and power grid into a structure that provides assistance to open innovation. The EI offers sustainable and bidirectional transmission for the improvement and analysis of energy convention among electric vehicles (EVs) and service providers. To ensure efficient, reliable, and secure operation, EI must be safe from security attacks. Therefore, efficient and secure key negotiation is a significant issue for the EI-based Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) architecture. Thus, to ensure the system's security, we have devised a robust scheme to facilitate a secure key agreement between the entities involved for the secure and efficient renewable energy distribution for the EI-based energy vehicles in V2G. The devised scheme's robustness is solicited through the widely accepted formal random or real (RoR) model. In addition, the informal security analysis is conducted on the devised scheme, which is evident that the designed scheme achieves all the required security features of EI-based ITS. Moreover, the performance evaluation results endorse that the designed scheme achieves the desired security and minimizes the communication, computation, and energy overhead by 29.33%, 27.94%, and 28.08% in comparison to the existing competitive schemes. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Vehicle-to-grid

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