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SCALE-BRIDGING WITHIN A COMPLEX MODEL HIERARCHY FOR INVESTIGATION OF A METAL-FUELED CIRCULAR ENERGY ECONOMY BY USE OF BAYESIAN MODEL CALIBRATION WITH MODEL ERROR QUANTIFICATION

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Gossel, L. Corbean, E. Dubal, S. Brand, P. Fricke, M. Nicolai, H. Hasse, C. Hartl, S. Ulbrich, S. Bothe, D. Institute for Mathematical Modeling and Analysis Technical University of Darmstadt Peter-Grunberg-Strase 10 Darmstadt64287 Germany Nonlinear optimization group Department of Mathematics Technical University of Darmstadt Dolivostrase 15 Darmstadt64293 Germany Department of Mechanical and Plastics Engineering University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt Holzhofallee 36b Darmstadt64295 Germany Institute for Simulation of Reactive Thermo-Fluid Systems Technical University of Darmstadt Otto-Berndt-Strase 2 Darmstadt64287 Germany Faculty Mechanical and Systems Engineering University of Applied Sciences Esslingen Kanalstrase 33 Esslingen73728 Germany

Metal energy carriers recently gained growing interest in research as a promising storage and transport material for renewable electricity. Within the development of a metal-fueled circular energy economy, research involves a model hierarchy spanning from micro to macro scales, making the transfer of information among different levels of complexity a crucial task for the implementation of the new technology. Chemical reactor networks (CRNs) are models of reduced complexity and a promising approach to accomplish the scale-bridging task. This holds if valid information from CRNs can be obtained on a much denser set of operating conditions than available from experiments and elaborated simulation methods like Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). An approach for CRN calibration from recent literature, including model error quantification, is further developed to construct a CRN model of a laboratory reactor for flash ironmaking, using data from the literature. By introducing a meta model of a CRN parameter, a simple CRN model on an extended set of operating conditions has successfully been calibrated. This way, the employed coupled calibration and uncertainty quantification framework has proven promising for the task of scale-bridging in the model hierarchy under investigation. © 2024, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Metal fuels

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Retrofitting coal-fired power plants with biomass co-firing and CCS for net zero carbon emission:A plant-by-plant assessment based on GIS-LCA framework

Retrofitting coal-fired power plants with biomass co-firing ...

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第一届全国碳中和与绿色发展大会

作者： Rui Wang Shiyan Chang Xueqin Cui Jin Li Linwei Ma Amit Kumar Yaoyu Nie Wenjia Cai Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Department of Earth System ScienceTs International Joint Laboratory on Low Carbon Clean Energy Innovation Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChi State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control(SKLESPC) School of Enviro State Key Laboratory of Power Systems Department of Thermal EngineeringTsinghua-BP Clean Energy Cen Department of Mechanical Engineering 10-263 Donadeo Innovation Centre for EngineeringUniversity of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Department of Earth System ScienceTs

The targets of limiting global warming levels below 2℃ or even 1.5℃ set by Paris Agreement heavily rely on bioenergy with carbon capture and storage(BECCS),which can remove carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and achieve net zero greenhouse gas(GHG)*** and coal co-firing with CCS is one of BECCS technologies,as well as a pathway to achieve low carbon transformation and upgrading through retrofitting coal power ***,few studies have considered co-firing ratio of biomass to coal based on each specific coal power plant's characteristic information such as location,installed capacity,resources allocation and logistic ***,there is a need to understand whether it is worth retrofitting any individual coal power plant for the benefit of GHG emissions *** is also important to understand which power plant is suitable for retrofit and the associated co-firing *** order to fulfill this gap,this paper develops a framework to solve these questions,which mainly include three ***,biomass resources are assessed at 1-km spatial resolution with the help of RS-GIS ***,by setting biomass collection points and linear program model,resource allocation and supply chain for each power plants are ***,assessing the life-cycle emission for each power *** this study,Hubei Province in China is taken as the research area and study *** main conclusions are as follows:(1)biomass co-firing ratio for each CCS coal power plant to achieve carbon neutral is between 40%~50%;(2)lower co-firing ratio sometimes may obtain better carbon emission reduction benefits;(3)even the same installed capacity power plants should consider differentiated retrofit strategy according to their own *** on the results and analysis above,retrofit suggestions for each power plant are made in the discussion.

关键词： Net zero carbon emission,coal-fired power plant,biomass co-firing GIS-LCA,supply chain,CCS

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Hybrid nanofluid flow towards an elastic surface with tantalum and nickel nanoparticles, under the influence of an induced magnetic field

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The European Physical Journal Special Topics 2021年第3期231卷 521-533页

作者： Zhang, Lijun Bhatti, M. M. Michaelides, Efstathios E. Marin, M. Ellahi, R. College of Mathematics and Systems Science Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao China International Institute for Symmetry Analysis and Mathematical Modelling Department of Mathematical Sciences North-West University Mmabatho South Africa Department of Engineering TCU Fort Worth USA Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Transilvania University of Brasov Brasov Romania Department of Mathematics and Statistics International Islamic University Islamabad Pakistan Fulbright Fellow Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California Riverside Riverside USA Center for Modeling and Computer Simulation Research Institute King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran Saudi Arabia

The nanofluid, composed of kerosene and tantalum and nickel nanoparticles, is propagating through a porous, elastic surface. The kerosene base fluid is incompressible and electrically conducting. The energy equation for this nanofluid is formulated taking into account the viscous dissipation. The mathematical modeling is performed with the help of a similarity transformation. The developed governing equations are numerically solved using the shooting technique and the Matlab software. The physical behavior of different parameters in the model is discussed through tabular and graphical forms. The present results are also compared to past results. The results indicate that the flow propagates faster for higher values of Darcy number and Tantalum nanoparticles and that the magnetic field opposes the fluid motion. Also that the thermal boundary layer decreases in the presence of Tantalum and Nickel nanoparticles.

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Deep Learning for Video-Based Assessment of Endotracheal Intubation Skills

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Ainam, Jean-Paul Yanik, Erim Rahul, Rahul Kunkes, Taylor Cavuoto, Lora Clemency, Brian Tanaka, Kaori Hackett, Matthew Norfleet, Jack De, Suvranu Center for Modeling Simulation & Imaging in Medicine Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute NY United States Florida Agriculture & Mechanical University Florida State University College of Engineering TallahasseeFL32310 United States Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering University at Buffalo BuffaloNY United States Department of Emergency Medicine University at Buffalo BuffaloNY United States U.S. Army Futures Command Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center STTC OrlandoFL32826 United States

Endotracheal intubation (ETI) is an emergency procedure performed in civilian and combat casualty care settings to establish an airway. Objective and automated assessment of ETI skills is essential for the training and certification of healthcare providers. However, the current approach is based on manual feedback by an expert, which is subjective, time- and resource-intensive, and is prone to poor inter-rater reliability and halo effects. This work proposes a framework to evaluate ETI skills using single and multi-view videos. The framework consists of two stages. First, a 2D convolutional autoencoder (AE) and a pre-trained self-supervision network extract features from videos. Second, a 1D convolutional enhanced with a cross-view attention module takes the features from the AE as input and outputs predictions for skill evaluation. The ETI datasets were collected in two phases. In the first phase, ETI is performed by two subject cohorts: Experts and Novices. In the second phase, novice subjects perform ETI under time pressure, and the outcome is either Successful or Unsuccessful. A third dataset of videos from a single head-mounted camera for Experts and Novices is also analyzed. The study achieved an accuracy of 100% in identifying Expert/Novice trials in the initial phase. In the second phase, the model showed 85% accuracy in classifying Successful/Unsuccessful procedures. Using head-mounted cameras alone, the model showed a 96% accuracy on Expert and Novice classification while maintaining an accuracy of 85% on classifying successful and unsuccessful. In addition, GradCAMs are presented to explain the differences between Expert and Novice behavior and Successful and Unsuccessful trials. The approach offers a reliable and objective method for automated assessment of ETI skills. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Deep learning

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A dynamical model for the calcineurin-NFATc signaling pathway and muscle fiber shifting

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PAMM 2021年第1期20卷

作者： Yesid Villota-Narvaez Angélica Ramírez-Martínez Diego Garzón-Alvarado Oliver Röhrle Biomimetics Laboratory and Numerical Methods and Modeling Research Group (GNUM) Instituto de Biotecnología (IBUN) Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogotá Colombia Stuttgart Centre for Simulation Sciences (SC SimTech) Pfaffenwaldring 5a 70569 Stuttgart Germany Computational modeling of natural systems Research Group (COMMONS) Mechanical Engineering Department Universidad Central Bogota Colombia Institute for Modeling and Simulation of Biomechanical Systems University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 5a 70569 Stuttgart Germany

Training exercise produces skeletal muscle adaptation: at the organ scale, as anatomical changes; and at the myofiber scale, as mitochondrial and protein type content. The protein content of a myofiber is controlled by the calcineurin-NFATc signaling pathway: exercise triggers the pathway, and its final product is the translocation of dephosphorylated NFATc to the nucleus. Once in the nucleus, NFATc controls the state of the gene program to encode the slow or the fast fiber type characteristics. In the long term, the adaptation of the fiber type characteristics produces a shift in muscle fiber type: an increase in the number of myofibers of the fast type (which means that myofibers of the slow type shift to fast type) is related to force production; and an increase in the number of myofibers of the slow type (myofibers of the fast type shift to slow type) is related to fatigue resistance. These macroscopic features, i.e. force production and fatigue resistance, are the main target of most training protocols; however, little attention is focused on the limitations imposed by the fiber distribution of muscles at the organ scale. Based on the calcineurin-NFATc signaling pathway, we represented an exercise stimulus by a cytosolic calcium signal, and simulated the dynamics of NFATc in the nucleus. In this contribution, we present a dynamical model for the calcineurin-NFATc signaling pathway to describe the time course of dephosphorilated NFATc in the nucleus. We used an experimental report of a continuous stimulation pattern for calibration, and an experimental report of a pulsed stimulation pattern for comparison; we obtained a good agreement between the simulations and the experimental measurements.

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Solution coated PVB/mica flake coatings for the encapsulation of organic solar cells

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Materials 2021年第10期14卷

作者： Channa, Iftikhar Ahmed Chandio, Ali Dad Rizwan, Muhammad Shah, Aqeel Ahmed Bhatti, Jahanzeb Shah, Abdul Karim Hussain, Fayaz Ali Shar, Muhammad Alhazaa, Abdulaziz Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering NED University of Engineering and Technology University Road Karachi75270 Pakistan Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur50603 Malaysia Department of Chemical Engineering Dawood University of Engineering and Technology Karachi74800 Pakistan Modeling Evolutionary Algorithms Simulation and Artificial Intelligence Faculty of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City10000 Viet Nam King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology King Saud University Riyadh11451 Saudi Arabia Department of Mechanical & Energy Systems Faculty of Engineering and Informatics University of Bradford BradfordBD7 1DP United Kingdom Research Chair for Tribology Surfaces and Interface Sciences Department of Physics and Astronomy College of Science King Saud University Riyadh11451 Saudi Arabia

Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) die due to their interactions with environmental gases, i.e., moisture and oxygen, the latter being the most dangerous, especially under illumination, due to the fact that most of the active layers used in OPVs are extremely sensitive to oxygen. In this work we demonstrate solution-based effective barrier coatings based on composite of poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) and mica flakes for the protection of poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)-based organic solar cells (OSCs) against photobleaching under illumination conditions. In the first step we developed a protective layer with cost effective and environmentally friendly methods and optimized its properties in terms of transparency, barrier improvement factor, and bendability. The developed protective layer maintained a high transparency in the visible region and improved oxygen and moisture barrier quality by the factor of ~7. The resultant protective layers showed ultra-flexibility, as no significant degradation in protective characteristics were observed after 10 K bending cycles. In the second step, a PVB/mica composite layer was applied on top of the P3HT film and subjected to photo-degradation. The P3HT films coated with PVB/mica composite showed improved stability under constant light irradiation and exhibited a loss of ◦ C, ambient RH%) which corresponds to an enhanced lifetime by a factor of 9 compared to devices encapsulated with pristine PVB. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

关键词： Oxygen

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A COST-EFFECTIVE APPROACH TO EVALUATE HIGH-TEMPERATURE ABLATIVES FOR MILITARY APPLICATIONS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1992年第3期104卷 166-177页

作者： KOO, JH KNEER, MJ LIN, S SCHNEIDER, ME J.H. Koo:received a B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Washington Wash. in 1973 an M.S. degree in mechanical engineering from the Pennsylvania State University in 1975 and a D.Sc. degree in mechanical engineering from the George Washington University in 1987. Since 1987 he has worked at FMC Corporation concentrating on solid rocket exhaust gas management ablative and intumescent materials with applications to missile launching systems. His specialty is in solid-propellant combustion modeling particle sizing in rocket exhaust plumes and thermal analyses of solid rocket nozzles and motors. M.J. Kneer:received his B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Minnesota in 1988. While employed with FMC since 1988 he has worked on experimental and theoretical aspects of thermal protection materials such as ablative and intumescent materials. He has also performed fast cookoff simulation of canistered missiles. S. Lin:received a B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from the Chung Hsing University Taiwan in 1969 and an M.S. degree and a Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering from the Utah State University in 1975 and 1977 respectively. Employed with FMC since 1979 he has worked on two- and three-dimensional numerical gas dynamics modeling of a missile launching system. He is currently working on the theoretical and experimental aspects of high-temperature ablatives. M.E. Schneider:received his B.S. M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in mechanical engineering from the University of Minnesota in 1978 1981 and 1987 respectively. He joined FMC in 1988 and worked 2 years in the instrumentation and analysis of full-scale missile firings and setup of the gas management laboratory. He spent one year as manager of the FMC Electrothermal Gun Range. He performed over 150 ballistic test firings from 33- to 120-mm guns. Currently he is manager of the Thermal and Fluid Mechanics Group.

Several methods for evaluating thermal performance of ablative materials under simulated solid rocket exhaust plumes are presented in this paper. A small-scale supersonic rocket motor facility capable of delivering more than 700 Btu/s-ft2 (7,947 kW/m2) was used to simulate the rocket motor environment in the laboratory. A particle feeder with the capability of injecting 40 lb/hr (5.0 gm/s) of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) particles into the flow stream was used to simulate the particle impingement effects of solid rocket exhaust. Application of several gauges for heat flux measurement is discussed in this paper. These gauges include a circular foil calorimeter (Gardon), flat plate calorimeter, and pencil probe surface thermocouple. Several techniques for erosion measurement are also presented. These techniques consist of a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT), eddy current device, ultrasonic device, and laser-based sensor. The operation principle of the LVDT and laser-based sensors is presented, and some typical results are shown. High-speed motion and video analyses were performed to study material surface behavior during testing. Scanning electronic microscope (SEM) analyses were also performed on ablatives to study subsurface structure behavior during ablation. A cost-effective approach was developed to evaluate high-temperature ablatives for military applications.

关键词： Ablative Materials

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The impact of AI on engineering design procedures for dynamical systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： de Payrebrune, Kristin M. Flaßkamp, Kathrin Ströhla, Tom Sattel, Thomas Bestle, Dieter Röder, Benedict Eberhard, Peter Peitz, Sebastian Stoffel, Marcus Rutwik, Gulakala Aditya, Borse Wohlleben, Meike Sextro, Walter Raff, Maximilian Remy, C. David Yadav, Manish Stender, Merten van Delden, Jan Lüddecke, Timo Langer, Sabine C. Schultz, Julius Blech, Christopher RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau Institute for Computational Physics in Engneering Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 74 Kaiserslautern67663 Germany Saarland University Systems Engineering Systems Modeling and Simulation Campus Saarbrücken66123 Germany TU Ilmenau Mechatronics group Max-Planck-Ring 12 Ilmenau98693 Germany Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg Chair of Engineering Mechanics and Vehicle Dynamics Siemens-Halske-Ring 14 Cottbus03046 Germany University of Stuttgart Institute of Engineering and Computational Mechanics Pfaffenwaldring 9 Stuttgart70569 Germany TU Dortmund Department of Computer Science & Lamarr Institute Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Str. 25 Dortmund44227 Germany RWTH Aachen University Institute of General Mechanics Eilfschornsteinstraße 18 Aachen52062 Germany Paderborn University Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Dynamics and Mechatronics Warburger Str. 100 Paderborn33098 Germany University of Stuttgart Institute for Nonlinear Mechanics Pfaffenwaldring 9 Stuttgart70569 Germany Technische Universität Berlin Chair of Cyber-Physical Systems in Mechanical Engineering Straße des 17. Juni 135 Berlin10623 Germany University of Göttingen Institute of Informatics Goldschmidtstr. 7 Göttingen37077 Germany Technische Universität Braunschweig Institute for Acoustics and Dynamics Langer Kamp 19 Braunschweig38106 Germany

Artificial intelligence (AI) is driving transformative changes across numerous fields, revolutionizing conventional processes and creating new opportunities for innovation. The development of mechatronic systems is undergoing a similar transformation. Over the past decade, modeling, simulation, and optimization techniques have become integral to the design process, paving the way for the adoption of AI-based methods. In this paper, we examine the potential for integrating AI into the engineering design process, using the V-model from the VDI guideline 2206, considered the state-of-the-art in product design, as a foundation. We identify and classify AI methods based on their suitability for specific stages within the engineering product design workflow. Furthermore, we present a series of application examples where AI-assisted design has been successfully implemented by the authors. These examples, drawn from research projects within the DFG Priority Program SPP 2353: Daring More Intelligence - Design Assistants in Mechanics and Dynamics, showcase a diverse range of applications across mechanics and mechatronics, including areas such as acoustics and robotics. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Mechatronics

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MODAL TEST OF JONES,JOHN,PAUL (DDG-53) MAST AND MAST-MOUNTED ANTENNAS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1994年第2期106卷 110-117页

作者： MCLEAN, M HILL, J COBB, R RANDALL, F Mark McLean:has been with the Naval Sea Systems Command for eight years and is currently with Code 03K. He is responsible for survivability assessment of combat systems equipment. He has participated in all U.S. Navy ship shock tests conducted since 1985 and is responsible for failure assessment and redesign efforts for numerous combat systems equipment. He was selected by the NavSea Program Offices to be a member of the damage assessment teams providing early inspection in the Samuel B. Roberts (FFG-58) and Princeton (CG-59) incidents. Mr. McLean graduated from the University of Virginia in 1983 with an MS degree in chemical engineering. Jerry Hill:has been with NKF Engineering Inc. for twelve years. Currently managing the structural dynamics department Mr. Hill is responsible for numerous survivability related analysis and design efforts. This includes dynamic mathematical simulation and prediction field testing and qualification and full-scale ship shock testing. Mr. Hill graduated from the University of Maryland with a BS degree in mechanical engineering. He is a registered Professional Engineer. Dr. Richard Cobb:has been with NKF Engineering Inc. as a senior engineer since 1990. He is involved with research and development projects including dynamics modal testing vibration design instrumentation and underwater explosion. Prior to joining NKF he was an instructor of mechanical engineering at Virginia Tech. Dr. Cobb holds a Ph.D. in mechanical engineering from Virginia Tech with dissertation research in the areas of experimental modal analysis and frequency response function estimation using Fast Fourier transform methods. Fred Randall:has been manager of the noise shock and vibration department at Bath Iron Works since 1987. As such he is responsible for all dynamic measurements conducted by the shipyard. From 1982 to 1987 he was with TRW in the survivability department conducting investigations of shock propagation structural media interaction and soils modeling and analysis. Mr. Randall gr

A modal test of the John Paul Jones (DDG-53) mainmast structure and mast-mounted antennas was conducted. The test was part of a larger effort to accurately determine dynamic characteristics of the ''as-built'' mast/antenna system and survivability in the vibration and underwater explosion (UNDEX) shock environment. Previous mathematical analysis of the DDG-51 class mast and antennas predicted response acceleration levels during a shock trials scenario to be excessive in some areas. The modal test results now provide, however, confirmed dynamic response characteristics including mode shapes, frequencies, and damping for the structure. The test data accounts for the flexibility of ship's structure including the deckhouse supporting the mast. In addition, the natural frequencies of the antennas were determined for the response range of the mast structure with the flexibility of the supporting foundations taken into account. Using the test results, a finite element model of the mast structure and antennas was built accurately representing the dynamic characteristics of the system. Dynamic transient shock analysis was conducted to provide response predictions of the mast and antennas using the validated model. Any potential response amplification conditions that might result in failure during shock trials were identified.

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Probabilistic fatigue life prediction for ship structures using fracture mechanics

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 2000年第5期112卷 88-88页

作者： Gifford, LN Gilberto F. M. de Souza:is an assistant professor at the department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of São Paulo Brazil. He completed his B.S. and M.S. degrees in naval architecture and marine engineering in 1985 and 1990 respectively at the University of Sao Paulo and completed his Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering in 1994 at the University of São Paulo. He is also a visiting scholar in the Center of Technology and System Management at the University of Maryland at College Park. He is conducting research with professor Bilal M. Ayyub in the area of development of fatigue fracture reliability-based design of ship structures. He has authored or co-authored several papers and reports. He has taken part in research developed for the Brazilian Navy and Petrobras—Brazilian Petroleum Company in the area of structural analysis and design of marine structures. Bilal M. Ayyub:is a Professor of Civil Engineering and the Director of the Center for Technology and Systems Management at the University of Maryland (College Park). He is also a researcher and consultant in the areas of structural engineering inspection methods and practices reliability and risk analysis. He completed his B.S. degree in civil engineering in 1980 and completed both the M.S. (1981) and Ph.D. (1983) in civil engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Dr. Ayyub has an extensive background in uncertainty modeling and analysis risk-based analysis and design simulation and marine structural reliability. He is engaged in research work involving structural reliability marine structures uncertainty modeling and analysis and mathematical modeling using the theories of probability statistics and fuzzy sets. He has completed several research projects that were funded by the NSF USCG USN USACE ASME and several engineering companies. Dr. Ayyub served the engineering community in various capacities through societies that include ASNE ASCE ASME SNAME IEEE-CS and NAFIPS. He is the author and coauthor of about 250 p

The design of steel structures against fatigue requires the consideration of fatigue damage accumulation in the form of fatigue crack growth analysis and prediction. Fatigue is an important criterion to evaluate the adequacy of ship structural details, and the methods for prediction of fatigue life taking into account the crack growth are becoming of great interest This paper provides a methodology for ship structure fatigue analysis based on probabilistic linear elastic fracture mechanics. Probabilistic analysis requires the use of reliability methods for assessing fatigue life by considering the crack propagation process and the uncertainties associated with it The limit state function that governs fatigue crack growth is developed based on Paris law by considering as random variables the coefficient of the curve that describes the rate of change of crack size due to loading cycles and its relationship to stress level and initial crack size and the stresses induced by external loading. As an improvement to the traditional fatigue fracture probabilistic approach, this paper presents a methodology for probabilistic analysis of ship structure fatigue failure considering the effects of the residual stresses induced by hull fabrication process over the crack growth rate.

关键词： Shipbuilding

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