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Histological demonstration of gonad development in the banana shrimp,Fenneropenaeus merguiensis

Aquaculture and Fisheries 2025年第1期10卷 94-104页

作者： Jirakanit Chimnual Jirawat Saetan Wilaiwan Chotigeat Division of Biological Science Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics ProgramFaculty of SciencePrince of Songkla UniversitySongkhla90110Thailand Division of Health and Applied Sciences Faculty of SciencePrince of Songkla UniversitySongkhla90110Thailand Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Faculty of SciencePrince of Songkla UniversitySongkhla90110Thailand

The genetic diversity of the banana shrimp Fenneropenaeus merguiensis is at risk because of over-harvesting,which consequently reduces food *** endangerment is exacerbated because this species is not commonly cultivated by ***,these factors necessitate conservation of this shrimp species across its natural *** on the migration of primordial germ cells(PGCs)to form a gonad is essential for shrimp preservation techniques such as broodstock preparation,sex differentiation,and germ cell *** this study,histological analysis and in situ hybridization of vasa expression(from embryo to testis development)were used to demonstrate the movement of *** and Eosin staining and in situ hybridization with the VASA probe revealed that the PGCs migrated retrogradely along the midgut,colonizing the area between the hepatopancreas and heart,a region that becomes the genital ridge in the postlarval *** sexual organs appeared at approximately 4 months of *** real-time PCR,the expression of the vasa gene was detected early on postlarval day 7,whereas its abundant expression was detected in the ovaries and testes of adult *** study could help with the identification and monitoring of PGCs or spermatogonia in banana shrimp and facilitate the implementation of other germ cell-relevant techniques in the future.

关键词： Fenneropenaeus merguiensis Primordial germ cell Spermatogonia vasa

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Chromium

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BMC Plant Biology 2025年第1期25卷 1-18页

作者： Soliman, Elham R. S. Moustafa, Kareem Khamis, Mohamed Shedeed, Zeinab A. Botany and Microbiology Department Faculty of Science Helwan University Helwan Egypt Molecular Biotechnology Program Chemistry Department Faculty of Science Helwan University Helwan Egypt

One of the primary challenges that the expanding population faces is water scarcity. Thus, a global imperative has been established to safeguard extant water resources and optimize their utility through sustainable practices and efficient management. In the present investigation, Azolla pinnata, a pteridophyte (fern), was employed to phytoremediate Cr (VI) from chromium-polluted water. The potential of this treated water for agricultural purposes was verified through the use of Vicia faba plants. In vitro, A. pinnata effectively remediates Cr (VI) from an array of liquid concentrations (0.05 to 90 ppm) in a ratio of 25:1 {volume (mL): fresh weight of Azolla (g)} after 2 days incubation period at room temperature. At low concentrations (0.1 ppm), the phytoremediation capacity peaked at 70%, falling to 19.53% at a high concentration (90 ppm). Upon continuous irrigation with Cr-polluted water (0.05 to 50 ppm), the in vivo pot experiment on Vicia faba plants revealed high Cr accumulation in the roots reached 52.5 mg Kg-1 dry weight (Dwt) at the 50 ppm Cr treatment. Nevertheless, a reduced Cr content of 19.5 mg Kg-1 Dwt was observed when the plants were irrigated with 50 ppm Cr-polluted water that had been treated with Azolla. At 50 ppm of Cr, Azolla's treatment significantly increased shoot length, fresh weight, and Chl a content to 25.25 cm, 3.4 g, and 6.5 mg g-1 Dwt, respectively, up from 10.25, 1.8, and 4.7 in untreated plants. The chromosomal aberrations were significantly induced in the dividing cells of all Cr treatments, with the highest value of 4.8% at 50 ppm. This value was reduced to 2.88% at the same concentration when treated with Azolla. At a concentration of 10 ppm Cr, the mitotic index was significantly improved to 6.99% when combined with Azolla, as opposed to 3.63% when the same concentration was used without Azolla. The DNA degradation assay showed partial DNA degradation at 50 ppm Cr, which the Azolla treatment eliminated. Furthermore, the

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Harnessing the Microbiome: CRISPR-Based Gene Editing and Antimicrobial Peptides in Combating Antibiotic Resistance and Cancer

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Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins 2025年 1-31页

作者： Amen, Radwa A. Hassan, Yaser M. Essmat, Rawan A. Ahmed, Rana H. Azab, Marwan M. Shehata, Nadia R. Elgazzar, Mariam M. El-Sayed, Wael M. Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Science Cairo University Cairo Egypt Biotechnology Program Faculty of Science Ain Shams University Abbassia Cairo 11566 Egypt Faculty of Pharmacy Modern University for Information and Technology Cairo 11728 Egypt Biotechnology Program Faculty of Science Mansoura University Mansoura 35516 Egypt Molecular Biotechnology Program Faculty of Science Helwan University Ain Helwan Cairo Egypt College of Biotechnology Misr University for Science and Technology Giza 12596 Egypt College of Biotechnology Badr University in Cairo Cairo Egypt Department of Zoology Faculty of Science Ain Shams University Abbassia 11566 Cairo Egypt

The growing crisis of antibiotic resistance and the increasing incidence of cancer have prompted the exploration of innovative approaches, such as gene editing and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). The human microbiome is integral to various aspects of health, disease, and therapeutic development, influencing metabolic pathways, immune function, and pathogen resistance. Recent advances in gene editing technologies, particularly CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats), have opened new avenues for leveraging the microbiome to address complex medical challenges, including combating multidrug-resistant pathogens and cancer. The microbiome plays a crucial role in combating antibiotic resistance by modulating microbial communities, influencing pathogen survival and susceptibility to treatments. This review explores the microbiome’s dynamic role in metabolic regulation, its contribution to cancer management, and how AMPs help maintain homeostasis and exhibit emerging anticancer properties, supported by both preclinical findings and clinical evidence. Additionally, CRISPR-based microbiome engineering offers potential to enhance host-microbiome interactions, optimizing therapeutic outcomes. The integration of microbiome metagenomics and proteomics has led to the discovery of novel AMPs with targeted anticancer effects. Innovative strategies, such as engineered probiotics and CRISPR-based microbiome engineering, present exciting prospects for next-generation therapies. Despite these advances, the translation of microbiome-based therapies into clinical settings remains challenging due to ethical, regulatory, and ecological hurdles. This review underscores the transformative potential of microbiome-based interventions, emphasizing the role of personalized medicine in maximizing therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, we also address critical research gaps, limitations, and future directions, including optimizing AMP stability, delivery, and bioavailability, a

关键词： Cancer immunotherapy CRISPR-Cas9 Metagenomics Microbiome engineering Multidrug-resistant pathogens Personalized therapeutics Probiotics

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Retinal oxygen extraction during systemic hypoxia assessed with laser-speckle flowgraphy and retinal oximetry

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ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA 2025年第S284期103卷

作者： Pai, Viktoria Lindner, Theresa Janku, Patrick Schmetterer, Leopold Schmidl, Doreen Garhofer, Gerhard Department of Clinical Pharmacology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria Singapore National Eye Centre Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore Singapore Duke-NUS Medical School Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program Singapore Singapore SERI-NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE) Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel Switzerland School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore

Aims/Purpose: Retinal oxygen extraction has been found to be altered in several ocular and systemic diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma or neurodegenerative diseases. However, measurement techniques for the assessment of retinal oxygen extraction are limited because most of them are based on time-consuming and custom-built devices. In the present pilot study, we assessed retinal oxygen extraction during systemic hypoxia with a combination of two commercially available devices: Laser-Speckle Flowgraphy (LSFG) and retinal oximetry. Methods: Retinal blood flow and retinal oxygen saturation were measured in each vessel around the optic nerve head at the same position. Arterial and venous oxygen content was estimated from the measured retinal oxygen saturation parameters and the difference between these two parameters was calculated (cO 2 , DIFF ). By using mean vessel flow rate (MV) for retinal blood flow and cO 2 , DIFF , retinal oxygen extraction was determined. For each healthy study participant, baseline measurement and measurement during inhalation of 88% nitrogen in 12% oxygen were performed. Results: Ten (10) healthy subjects (4 females, 6 males) with a mean age of 27 ± 3 years were included in this study. During systemic hypoxia, a significant decrease in arterial oxygen content occurred ( p = 0.046) while venous oxygen content did not change, leading to a decrease in cO 2 , DIFF . As expected, this was accompanied by a significant increase in MV ( p = 0.014). No change in retinal oxygen extraction was observed (46 ± 8 a.u. at baseline vs. 46 ± 5 a.u. during hypoxia, p = 0.997). Conclusions: Breathing of 88% nitrogen in 12% oxygen caused a significant decrease in retinal arterial oxygen content. This was compensated by an increase in retinal blood flow in order to keep retinal oxygen extraction constant. This was physiologically expected, and these findings are consistent with the literature. Therefore, the presented approach for measurement of reti

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Decoding microRNA arm switching: a key to evolutionary innovation and gene regulation

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Cellular and molecular Life Sciences 2025年第1期82卷 1-23页

作者： Pinhal, Danillo Gonçalves, Leandro de B. Campos, Vinícius F. Patton, James G. Genomics and Molecular Evolution Laboratory Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences Institute of Biosciences DCQB IBB UNESP SP Botucatu CEP 18618-689 Brazil Structural Genomics Laboratory Graduate Program in Biotechnology Technological Development Center Federal University of Pelotas RS Pelotas Brazil Department of Biological Sciences Vanderbilt University Nashville 37232 TN United States

miRNA arm switching is a pivotal regulatory mechanism that allows organisms to fine-tune gene expression by selectively utilizing either the 5p or 3p strand of a miRNA duplex. This process, conserved across species, facilitates adaptive responses to developmental cues, environmental changes, and disease states. By dynamically altering strand selection, arm switching reshapes gene regulatory networks, contributing to phenotypic diversity and evolutionary innovation. Despite its growing recognition, the mechanisms driving arm switching—such as thermodynamic properties and enzyme-mediated processing—remain incompletely understood. This review synthesizes current findings, highlighting arm switching as a highly conserved mechanism with profound implications for the evolution of regulatory networks. We explore how this phenomenon expands miRNA functionality, drives phenotypic plasticity, and co-evolves with miRNA gene duplications to fuel the diversification of biological functions across taxa. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Evolution of gene regulatory networks miRNA strand selection mechanisms Phenotypic plasticity in development Post-transcriptional gene regulation

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Alkaline lignin from Clarisia racemosa wood: antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and schistosomicidal activities, and its use as an excipient in praziquantel release

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International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 2025年 310卷 143372页

作者： Cavalcante, Lucas Andrade Oliveira de Oliveira Moraes Miranda, Josué Filipe Silva, Maria Gabriela Cavalcanti Pereira, Maria Julha Felix Marques, Diego Santa Clara do Nascimento Junior, Agrinaldo Jacinto de Oliveira, Ila Maranhão Maia, Rafael Trindade de Lima, Maria Carmo Alves de Lima Aires, André da Cruz Filho, Iranildo José Department of Tropical Medicine Federal University of Pernambuco 50670-901 Brazil Department of Antibiotics Laboratory of Chemistry and Therapeutic Innovation Federal University of Pernambuco 50670-901 Brazil Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Brasília - Campus Planaltina 73 380-900 Brazil Center for Sustainable Development of the Semiarid Region Federal University of Campina Postgraduate Program in Natural Sciences and Biotechnology at UFCG and the Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology at UFPB Brazil

Lignins are versatile macromolecules with a wide range of applications across various industrial sectors. In this groundbreaking study, alkaline lignin was successfully isolated and characterized from the wood of Clarisia racemosa, a tree of significant economic value in the Amazon timber industry. Lignin extraction was performed through acid extraction followed by delignification. Characterization of the isolated lignin revealed its GSH-type structure, along with thermal stability and low molecular weight. Subsequent investigations focused on the lignin's biological properties. In vitro, the assays demonstrated its potent antioxidant activity, effectively scavenging free radicals. Lignin also exhibited low toxicity and notable immunomodulatory properties, promoting the proliferation and activation of immune cells. Furthermore, it's in vitro schistosomicidal activity against Schistosoma mansoni was confirmed, with scanning electron microscopy revealing significant effects on the parasite. Finally, the study verified that lignin from Clarisia racemosa is a promising excipient for the controlled release of praziquantel, highlighting its potential in the formulation of ecologically and economically sustainable tablets. This research contributes to the innovative utilization of lignin in the development of environmentally friendly and cost-effective pharmaceutical products. © 2025

关键词： Biomaterial Lignin Schistosoma mansoni

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Evaluation of antioxidant potential and active compounds of selected wild plants using four different assays

Food and Humanity

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Food and Humanity 2025年 4卷

作者： Zayan, Mazen M. Hassanien, Mohamed K. Salm, Omnia A. Abdnaiem, Shimaa M. Mohamed, Ayman S. Saeed, Mohamed A. Elhossiny, Toka M. Abdallah, Amr M. Ismail, Lina M. Shalaby, Emad A. Cairo University Faculty of Agriculture Program of Biotechnology Giza 12613 Egypt Clinical Pathology Department 57357 Cancer Children Hospital Kaseralainy Cairo Egypt Molecular Biology Department CEB Company Dokki 12613 Egypt Benha University Faculty of Agriculture Department of Biotechnology Al Qalyubia 13511 Egypt Biotechnology/Biomolecular Chemistry Department Faculty of Science Cairo University 12613 Egypt Cairo University Faculty of Agriculture Department of Biochemistry Giza 12613 Egypt

Red onion (Allium cepa L.), moringa (Moringa oleifera), rosemary (Salvia Rosmarinus), and chilli (Capsicum frutescens L.) are rich with active compounds having various biological activities and high medicinal values due to the presence of phenolic compounds such as catechins, flavonoids, and phenolics. This study aims to compare red onion peels’ antioxidant activity with moringa, rosemary, and chilli using four different assays(2,2- diphenylpicrylhydrazyl "DPPH", 2,6-Dichlorophenolindophenol "DCPIP", KMnO4, Methylene blue). In this work, red onion peels, moringa leaves, rosemary, and chilli were extracted and collected using several solvents (methanol, hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol). Then subjected to phytochemical screening, quantitative analysis of pigments (Chlorophyll a, b, carotene, and anthocyanin), antioxidant activity determination using (DPPH, DCPIP, KMnO4, and Methylene blue) and total active compounds concentration calculation (phenolics, flavonoids, catechins, and vitamin C). Furthermore, red onion peel was fractionated then tested for radical scavenging activity and hybrid blending reaction with ascorbic acid. Finally, promising fraction was separated using preparative thin layer chromatography (TLC) and identified for phenolic compounds by HPLC. Phytochemical screening and TLC results revealed that rosemary contained the highest amount of phenolic compounds. However, radical scavenging activity tests showed that the highest antioxidant against DPPH was red onion peels by 99 % yet recorded 80.5 % against Methylene Blue. HPLC of promising fraction detected various phenolic compounds showcasing naringenin, daidzein, and cinnamic acid. From these results, we could conclude that red onion peels have substantial potential as an antioxidant and contents could be further tested in vivo and implemented in pharmaceuticals. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Antioxidant activity Mode of action Successive and individual extracts TLC bioautography Wild plants

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Mechanism and efficacy of a Zingiber cassumunar-derived peptide in tyrosinase inhibition and melanin suppression in B16F10 cells and zebrafish embryos

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Industrial Crops and Products 2025年 230卷

作者： Promsut, Kitjasit Sangtanoo, Papassara Saisavoey, Tanatorn Buakeaw, Anumart Boonserm, Patamalai Reamtong, Onrapak Karnchanatat, Aphichart Srimongkol, Piroonporn Program in Biotechnology Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University 254 Phayathai Road Pathumwan Bangkok10330 Thailand Center of Excellence in Bioconversion and Bioseparation for Platform Chemical Production Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Chulalongkorn University 254 Phayathai Road Pathumwan Bangkok10330 Thailand High-Value Food from Mushrooms and Bioactive Plants in the Green Economy Value Chain Research Group Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Chulalongkorn University 254 Phayathai Road Pathumwan Bangkok10330 Thailand Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics Faculty of Tropical Medicine Mahidol University 420/6 Ratchawithi Road Ratchathewi Bangkok10400 Thailand

This study investigates the bioactive potential of the peptide DGIFVLNY (DY-8), derived from the rhizomes of Zingiber cassumunar, a medically important plant with extensive traditional medicinal functions and bioactivities, for its potential application in bio-based cosmetic and personal care products. The findings based on molecular docking reveal the ability of this peptide to bind to the active tyrosinase site, with inhibitory effects. To investigate this inhibitory process further, the peptides were synthesized for testing. The findings presented the inhibition of tyrosinase with an IC50 value of 0.18 ± 0.01 μg/mL for the mono-phenolase activity, rising to 0.81 ± 0.06 μg/mL for the di-phenolase activity. Construction of a Lineweaver-Burk plot revealed competitive type inhibition. The peptide was employed at various concentrations in the range of 0–100 μM in order to treat B16F10 cells. The outcome revealed the absence of significant cytotoxicity. The peptide was shown to significantly inhibit tyrosinase activity and by extension reduce the production of melanin. Further examination of the inhibition of melanin synthesis was carried out via qRT-PCR (quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) involving MITF (microphthalmia-associated transcription factor), TYR (tyrosinase), TRP-1 (tyrosinase-related protein-1), and TRP-2 (tyrosinase-related protein-2). The in vivo efficacy of DY-8 was further validated in zebrafish embryos, where a significant reduction in pigmentation was observed. These findings highlight DY-8 as a promising, sustainable, and natural bio-based ingredient for the cosmetic and personal care industries, emphasizing the industrial potential of Zingiber cassumunar in developing functional skincare products. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Melanin

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CASK promotes prostate cancer progression via kinase-dependent activation of AKT

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International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 2025年第PT 2期311卷 143965页

作者： Rathore, Varsha Cheng, Ching-Yuan Chen, Shao-Peng Lin, Chia-Yee Chang, Chuang-Rung Lin, Wan-Wan Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei115201 Taiwan Institute of Biotechnology College of Life Sciences and Medicine National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu300044 Taiwan Department of Pharmacology College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei100233 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Taipei Medical University Taipei110 Taiwan

Until now, the role of calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase (CASK) in prostate cancer (PCa) progression remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the roles of CASK in PCa progression, cell migration, and invasion. We found that CASK is up-regulated in PCa tissues of patients. Lentivirus-based CASK silencing does not affect cell growth or serum-free-induced cell death in PC3 and LNCaP cells, regardless of the presence or absence of TGF-β. CASK silencing decreases cell migration and invasion, either in the absence or presence of TGF-β stimulation. Immunoblotting data indicate that CASK silencing does not alter TGF-β-induced Smad2/3 and ERK phosphorylation but reduces TGF-β-induced AKT phosphorylation. To understand the roles of AKT and CaMK-like activity of CASK in cellular responses in PCa cells, we treated cells with AKT inhibitor and specific kinase inhibitors of CASK (NR162) and CaMKII (KN-93). We found that these agents can inhibit cell invasion and migration. In addition, NR162 and KN-93 also reduce TGF-β-induced AKT phosphorylation. Moreover, the co-immunoprecipitation data indicate the association between CASK and AKT. In HEK293 cells overexpressing system, we further found that CASK can enhance AKT S473 phosphorylation. The tumorigenic effect of CASK is confirmed in the xenograft mouse system. In summary, CASK is a promoter of PCa progression and can enhance PCa cell migration and invasion via kinase-dependent AKT activation independent of TGF-β-induced Smad2/3 and ERK signaling. © 2025

关键词： Cell death

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Combination of antimicrobial peptide and clinical antibiotic shows enhanced potency toward Acinetobacter baumannii infection

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European Journal of Pharmacology 2025年 999卷

作者： Yeh, Jih-Chao Yang, Chin-Hao Hazam, Prakash Kishore Selvaraj, Sanjay Prasad Lin, You-Ying Hsieh, Chu-Yi Liou, Je-Wen Chen, Jyh-Yih Marine Research Station Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology Academia Sinica 23-10 Dawen Rd. Jiaushi Ilan 262 Taiwan Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering College of Medicine Tzu Chi University Hualien 970 Taiwan Molecular and Biological Agricultural Science Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei 11529 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biotechnology National Chung Hsing University Taichung 402 Taiwan The IEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center and the Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine National Chung Hsing University Taichung 402 Taiwan

The continued development of novel antimicrobial treatment strategies is crucial for maintaining an effective therapeutic arsenal, and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) exhibit promising activities against a wide range of pathogens. In this study, we tested the combined effects of an AMP, TP4-3, and meropenem on Acinetobacter baumannii, which is responsible for many severe infections and is associated with high rates of overall mortality and morbidity. This study aimed to develop an effective combination therapy for microbial infections. TP4-3 and meropenem were found to act synergistically toward Acinetobacter baumannii and exhibit an activity profile better than those of the individual compounds. TP4-3 is an antimicrobial peptide with proven activity, low toxicity and extended stability. This AMP was combined with meropenem and tested for efficacy against A. baumannii using a panel of in vitro and in vivo tests. The combination of TP4-3 and meropenem exhibited robust activity against Acinetobacter baumannii pathogens. In particular, the combined treatment demonstrated significant antibiofilm properties and a lower degree of induced resistance than meropenem alone. Additionally, the combination showed an excellent activity profile in in vivo studies. Thus, the combination of TP4-3 and meropenem appears to be an effective strategy to mitigate the detrimental consequences of infections caused by this clinically relevant pathogen. Since the combination of TP4-3 and meropenem displayed better activity than the individual compounds, this strategy of combining AMPs with clinical antibiotics may be suitable for development of clinical treatments targeting various microbial infections. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Acinetobacter baumannii Antimicrobial peptide Gram-negative bacteria In vivo antimicrobial activity Stapled peptide Synergism

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