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Dehydrated natural feed for dogs: influence on digestibility, immunity, and antioxidant response

Comparative Clinical Pathology 2025年第2期34卷 269-280页

作者： Cecere, Bruno G. O. Zatti, Emerson Bissacotti, Bianca F. Copetti, Priscila M. da Silveira, Marcylene V. Schetinger, Maria Rosa C. Klein, Bruna Suarez, Walter H. C. da Silva, Aleksandro S. Graduate Multicenter Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of the State of Santa Catarina (UDESC) Lages Brazil Graduate Program in Animal Science Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa Maria Brazil Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa Maria Brazil Department of Animal Science UDESC Chapecó Brazil Department of Animal Nutrition Tectron Tecnologia e Inovação Toledo Brazil

With the intensification of domestication, companion animals have become precious members of family homes;therefore, there is a constant search for improving the quality of life and well-being of these animals, where nutrition is considered a factor of great relevance. Natural diets appear as an alternative to differentiated feeds for pets, and the dehydration of natural feeds favors their use, maintaining their quality and increasing their shelf life. The present study objective was to determine whether dehydrated natural feed can replace extruded dry feed while maintaining good digestibility without impairing its metabolism, inflammatory/immune responses, and antioxidant status. Ten male beagle dogs housed in an experimental kennel and fed individually were used. They were divided into two groups with five animals each, one group received natural dehydrated feed (DNF), and another consumed commercial dry feed (DCF), calculated from the determination of metabolizable energy (ME) requirements based on the animal’s metabolic weight (BW). The experiment lasted 45 days, with 40 days of adaptation and health assessment and days of feces collection from animals in metabolism cages. At the end of this first phase, after a 10-day interval, the experiment was repeated;however, in this phase, the animals from the DCF group were transferred to the DNF group so that all animals received both feeds. During the 40 days, the animals were weighed, and blood was collected. On the other 5 days, total feces were collected, and the feces score was calculated. The animals in the DNF group showed higher digestibility of digestible fiber and mineral matter and lower digestibility of ether extract and dry matter. The dogs from the DNF group had a higher volume of excreted feces, with higher humidity and a score of 3;for the DCF group, the score was 2. DNF dogs had lower blood leukocyte and granulocyte counts;however, there was a tendency toward increased lymphocytes on day 40. Dogs in the

关键词： Alternative feed Animal health Dry feed Immune response Inflammatory

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Slow and stored light via electromagnetically induced transparency using a Λ-type superconducting artificial atom

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Physical Review Research 2025年第1期7卷 L012015-L012015页

作者： Kai-I Chu Xiao-Cheng Lu Kuan-Hsun Chiang Yen-Hsiang Lin Chii-Dong Chen Ite A. Yu Wen-Te Liao Yung-Fu Chen Molecular Science and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taiwan Department of Physics National Central University Taoyuan City 32001 Taiwan Department of Physics National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan Institute of Physics Academia Sinica Taipei 11529 Taiwan Center for Quantum Science and Technology National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan Quantum Technology Center National Central University Taoyuan City 32001 Taiwan Physics Division National Center for Theoretical Sciences Taipei 10617 Taiwan

Recent progresses in Josephson-junction-based superconducting circuits have propelled quantum information processing forward. However, the lack of a metastable state in most superconducting artificial atoms hinders the development of photonic quantum memory in this platform. Here we use a single superconducting qubit-resonator system to realize a desired Λ-type artificial atom, and to demonstrate slow light with a group velocity of 3.6 km/s and the microwave storage with a memory time extending to several hundred nanoseconds via electromagnetically induced transparency. Our results highlight the potential of achieving microwave quantum memory, promising substantial advancements in quantum information processing within superconducting circuits.

关键词： Josephson junction devices

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Transcription-Coupled Template Reconfiguration of 8-Oxoguanine for Error-Prone Transcription Revealed by Time-Resolved X-ray Crystallography and molecular Dynamics

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Journal of the American Chemical Society 2025年第19期147卷 16396-16403页

作者： Oh, Juntaek Huang, Xuhui Wang, Dong Konovalov, Kirill A. Hou, Peini Chong, Jenny Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of California San DiegoCA92093 United States Department of Regulatory Science Graduate School Kyung Hee University Seoul02447 Korea Republic of Institute of Regulatory Innovation through Science Kyung Hee University Seoul02447 Korea Republic of Department of Chemistry Theoretical Chemistry Institute University of Wisconsin-Madison MadisonWI53706 United States Biophysics Graduate Program University of Wisconsin-Madison MadisonWI53706 United States Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California San DiegoCA92093 United States

Oxidative DNA damage, particularly 8-oxoguanine (8OG), is a significant contributor to transcriptional errors that can alter the cellular phenotype and cell fate. While previous studies proposed that 8OG can use its anti-conformation or synconformation to form distinct base pairs with different substrates, it is not clear what conformation 8OG adopts during the template loading step and how different substrates induce transcriptioncoupled conformational changes of the 8OG template within the active site. Through a combined approach of time-resolved X-ray crystallography and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, our study provides a comprehensive insight into these important questions. We found that the 8OG template behaves very differently for error-free and error-prone transcription. For errorfree CTP incorporation, 8OG remains in anti-conformation during template loading, nucleotide binding, and incorporation steps. As for error-prone ATP incorporation, using time-resolved crystallography, we observed that the 8OG template initially adopts anticonformation during template loading and the initial nucleotide binding step. However, it transitions to the syn-conformation to form a base pair with incoming ATP over the course of the reaction. Eventually, we observed a post-chemistry state where 8OG adopts the syn-conformation, base-paired with newly incorporated AMP. MD simulations further revealed that the 8OG template switches from an anti- to a syn-conformation by partially backtracking and subsequently reloading into the +1 site. These findings significantly contribute to our understanding of how RNA polymerase II navigates 8OG lesions during transcription, shedding light on transcription fidelity control and the lesion bypass of oxidative DNA damage. © 2025 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

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Modulation of C. elegans behavior, fitness, and lifespan by AWB/ASH-dependent death perception

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Current Biology 2025年第9期35卷 2128-2138.e6页

作者： Hernandez-Lima, Mirella A. Seo, Brian Urban, Nicholas D. Truttmann, Matthias C. Neuroscience Graduate Program University of Michigan Ann Arbor 48109 MI United States Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor 48109 MI United States Graduate Program in Molecular & Integrative Physiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor 48109 MI United States Geriatrics Center University of Michigan Ann Arbor 48109 MI United States College of Literature Science and the Arts University of Michigan Ann Arbor 48109 MI United States

The ability of the nervous system to initiate intricate goal-directed behaviors in response to environmental stimuli is essential for metazoan survival. In this study, we demonstrate that the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans perceives and reacts to dead conspecifics. The exposure to C. elegans corpses, as well as corpse lysates, activates sensory neurons AWB and ASH, triggering a glutamate- and acetylcholine-dependent signaling cascade that regulates both immediate (aversion) and long-term (survival) responses to the presence of a death signature. We identify increased adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and histidine concentrations as potential chemical fingerprints for the presence of metazoan corpses and show that death cue sensing by AWB and ASH leads to physiological changes that promote reproduction at the expense of lifespan. Our findings illuminate a signaling paradigm that allows organisms to detect and interpret the environmental enrichment of intracellular metabolites as a death cue. © 2025 Elsevier Inc.

关键词： aging ASH avoidance AWB death perception sensory neurons

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Integrating Chain-of-Thought and Retrieval Augmented Generation Enhances Rare Disease Diagnosis from Clinical Notes

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Wu, Da Wang, Zhanliang Nguyen, Quan Wang, Kai Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Children's Hospital of Philadelphia PhiladelphiaPA19104 United States Applied Mathematics and Computational Science Graduate Program University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA19104 United States Bioengineering Graduate Program University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA19104 United States Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA19104 United States

Background: Several studies show that large language models (LLMs) struggle with phenotype-driven gene prioritization for rare diseases. These studies typically use Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) terms to prompt foundation models like GPT and LLaMA to predict candidate genes. However, in real-world settings, foundation models are not optimized for domain-specific tasks like clinical diagnosis, yet inputs are unstructured clinical notes rather than standardized terms. How LLMs can be instructed to predict candidate genes or disease diagnosis from unstructured clinical notes remains a major challenge. Methods: We introduce RAG-driven CoT and CoT-driven RAG, two methods that combine Chain-of-Thought (CoT) and Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) to analyze clinical notes. A five-question CoT protocol mimics expert reasoning, while RAG retrieves data from sources like HPO and OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man). We evaluated these approaches on rare disease datasets, including 5,980 Phenopacket-derived notes, 255 literature-based narratives, and 220 in-house clinical notes from Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. Results: We found that recent foundations models, including Llama 3.3-70B-Instruct and DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Llama-70B, outperformed earlier versions such as Llama 2 and GPT-3.5. We also showed that RAG-driven CoT and CoT-driven RAG both outperform foundation models in candidate gene prioritization from clinical notes;in particular, both methods with DeepSeek backbone resulted in a top-10 gene accuracy of over 40% on Phenopacket-derived clinical notes. RAG-driven CoT works better for high-quality notes, where early retrieval can anchor the subsequent reasoning steps in domain-specific evidence, while CoT-driven RAG has advantage when processing lengthy and noisy notes. Conclusions: Integrating CoT and RAG enhances LLMs’ understanding of clinical notes in the context of rare disease diagnosis, and can facilitate various downstream medical tasks. © 2025, CC

关键词： Chains

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Bredemeyera Willd.: an integrative review of its therapeutic potential and chemical aspects

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Natural product research 2025年 1-10页

作者： Rubens Santos Barreto Naiane Oliveira Santos Vilisaimon da Silva de Jesus Wagner Rodrigues de Assis Soares Danielle Figuerêdo da Silva Rosane Moura Aguiar Hugo Neves Brandão Clayton Queiroz Alves Graduate Program in Plant Genetic Resources Department of Biological Sciences State University of Feira de Santana-UEFS Feira de Santana BA Brazil. Department of Teaching Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Bahia-IFBA Jequié BA Brazil. Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology State University of Santa Cruz-UESC Ilhéus Bahia Brazil. Graduate Program in Chemistry. Department of Sciences and Technologies State University of Southwest Bahia-UESB Jequié BA Brazil. Department of Biological Sciences State University of Southwest Bahia-UESB Jequié BA Brazil. Department of Health Plant Bioprospecting Laboratory State University of Feira de Santana-UEFS Feira de Santana BA Brazil.

Willd. comprises thirteen species from Mexico to Tropical America, all found in Brazil, with seven being endemic. Three species are popularly used: (for kidney inflammation, influenza, diarrhoea, rheumatic pain, back pain, gastritis), (for skin infections, dysentery, rheumatism, hypertension, exhaustion, snake bites, expectorant, diuretic), and (for uterus and ovary infections). This integrative review aims to list and compare the pharmacological actions and chemical substances identified in the literature concerning species of the genus, in order to find records of compounds and their pharmacological application relationships. Only and underwent phytochemical survey, where fatty acids, xanthones, saponins and a flavonoid were identified. In this review, it was possible to verify the existence of promising studies in ethnobotany and phytochemistry for three species of the genus, which makes this review a valuable resource for guiding future studies on the subject.

关键词： B. brevifolia B. floribunda B. laurifolia flavonoid triterpene saponin xanthone

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Resolving Contradictory Estimates of Band Gaps of Bulk PdSe2: A Wannier-Localized Optimally-Tuned Screened Range-Separated Hybrid Density Functional Theory Study

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Florio, Fred Camarasa-Gómez, María Ohad, Guy Naveh, Doron Kronik, Leeor Ramasubramaniam, Ashwin Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst AmherstMA01003 United States Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovoth7610001 Israel Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Bar-Ilan University Ramat Gan52900 Israel Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program University of Massachusetts Amherst AmherstMA01003 United States

Palladium diselenide (PdSe2)—a layered van der Waals material—is attracting significant attention for optoelectronics due to the wide tunability of its band gap from the infrared through the visible range as a function of the number of layers. However, there continues to be disagreement over the precise nature and value of the optical band gap of bulk PdSe2, owing to the rather small value of this gap that complicates experimental measurements and their interpretation. Here, we design and employ a Wannier-localized optimally-tuned screened range-separated hybrid (WOT-SRSH) functional to investigate the electronic bandstructures and optical absorption spectra of bulk and monolayer PdSe2. In particular, we account carefully for the finite exciton center-of-mass momentum within a time-dependent WOT-SRSH framework to calculate the indirect optical gap and absorption onset accurately. Our results agree well with the best available photoconductivity measurements, as well as with state-of-the-art many-body perturbation theory calculations, confirming that bulk PdSe2 has an optical gap in the mid-infrared (upper-bound of 0.44 eV). More generally, this work further bolsters the utility of the WOT-SRSH approach for predictive modeling of layered semiconductors. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Layered semiconductors

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Invasion and metastasis in cancer:molecular insights and therapeutic targets

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2025年第3期10卷 1503-1540页

作者： Yongxing Li Fengshuo Liu Qingjin Cai Lijun Deng Qin Ouyang Xiang H.-F.Zhang Ji Zheng Department of Urology Urologic Surgery CenterXinqiao HospitalThird Military Medical University(Army Medical University)ChongqingChina State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning Third Military Medical University(Army Medical University)ChongqingChina Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA Dan L.Duncan Cancer Center Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA McNair Medical Institute Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA Graduate School of Biomedical Science Cancer and Cell Biology ProgramBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA Department of Medicinal Chemistry Third Military Medical University(Army Medical University)ChongqingChina

The progression of malignant tumors leads to the development of secondary tumors in various organs,including bones,the brain,liver,and *** metastatic process severely impacts the prognosis of patients,significantly affecting their quality of life and survival *** efforts have consistently focused on the intricate mechanisms underlying this process and the corresponding clinical management ***,a comprehensive understanding of the biological foundations of tumor metastasis,identification of pivotal signaling pathways,and systematic evaluation of existing and emerging therapeutic strategies are paramount to enhancing the overall diagnostic and treatment capabilities for metastatic ***,current research is primarily focused on metastasis within specific cancer types,leaving significant gaps in our understanding of the complex metastatic cascade,organ-specific tropism mechanisms,and the development of targeted *** this study,we examine the sequential processes of tumor metastasis,elucidate the underlying mechanisms driving organ-tropic metastasis,and systematically analyze therapeutic strategies for metastatic tumors,including those tailored to specific organ ***,we synthesize the most recent advances in emerging therapeutic technologies for tumor metastasis and analyze the challenges and opportunities encountered in clinical research pertaining to bone *** objective is to offer insights that can inform future research and clinical practice in this crucial field.

关键词： secondary tumors invasion metastatic process therapeutic targets molecular insights malignant tumors tumor metastasis metastasis

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Magnetically separable silica-chitosan hybrids for efficient phosphate adsorption in aqueous solution

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Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering 2025年 11卷

作者： Nuryono, Nuryono Sukamto, Sukamto Kunarti, Eko Sri Krisbiantoro, Philip Anggo Wan Abdullah, Wan Nazwanie Kamiya, Yuichi Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Gadjah Mada Bulaksumur Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia of Life Science Hokkaido University Kita 10 Nishi 8 Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0810 Japan International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology National Taiwan University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan Molecular Science and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei 11529 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering College of Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan School of Chemical Science Universiti Sains Malaysia Gelugor Penang 11800 Malaysia Faculty of Environmental Earth Science Hokkaido University Nishi 5 Kita 10 Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0810 Japan

In the present study, magnetic silica-chitosan hybrid (NMP@SiO2/CPTMS/Chi) was synthesized via a convenient and green sol-gel technique under room temperature, and the material was used as a highly efficient magnetic ... 详细信息

In the present study, magnetic silica-chitosan hybrid (NMP@SiO₂/CPTMS/Chi) was synthesized via a convenient and green sol-gel technique under room temperature, and the material was used as a highly efficient magnetic adsorbent for the removal of phosphate ions in water. While the magnetic properties of NMP from iron enable the material to be quickly separated via magnetic separation, the abundant active sites from the chitosan made the hybrid exhibit high adsorption capacity for phosphate ions. At pH 6, the removal of phosphate ions followed the pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic model with the adsorption rate constant (k₂) of 5.9 × 10^-3 mg g⁻¹ min⁻¹ and obeyed the Langmuir isotherm model with a maximum adsorption capacity (q_max) of 15.06 mg g⁻¹, outperforming most of the previously reported adsorbents. Stability tests and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) analysis demonstrated that NMP@SiO₂/CPTMS/Chi remained stable even under strongly acidic conditions and possessed high thermal stability, respectively. The synergistic combination of high adsorption capacity, acid stability, thermal stability, and facile magnetic separation renders NMP@SiO₂/CPTMS/Chi a promising adsorbent for wastewater treatment and environmental remediation. Overall, this innovative material represents a significant advancement in phosphate removal, offering a sustainable and effective solution to address the global challenge of water pollution and protect aquatic ecosystems. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Adsorption Chitosan Magnetic material Phosphate Silica Sol-gel

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Cdkn1a silencing restores myoblast differentiation by inducing selective apoptosis in senescent cells

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Cellular and molecular Biology Letters 2025年第1期30卷 1-21页

作者： Kim, Sujin Gu, Bonsang So, Chan-Young Mantik, Keren Esther Kristina Jung, Seung-Hyun Moon, Sohee Park, Dong-Ho Kwak, Hyo-Bum Cho, Jinkyung Cho, Eun-Jeong Lee, Jae-Seon Kang, Ju-Hee Department of Pharmacology Inha University College of Medicine 100 Inha-Ro Michuhol-Gu Incheon 22212 South Korea Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication Inha University College of Medicine Incheon 22212 South Korea Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering Inha University Incheon South Korea Department of Biochemistry College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul South Korea Integrated Research Center for Genomic Polymorphism College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul South Korea Department of Medical Sciences Graduate School of The Catholic University of Korea Seoul South Korea Department of Kinesiology Inha University Incheon South Korea College of Sport Science Sungkyunkwan University Suwon South Korea Department of Molecular Medicine Inha University College of Medicine 100 Inha-Ro Michuhol-Gu Incheon 22212 South Korea

Background: Sarcopenia, characterized by a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, is associated with the accumulation of senescent muscle stem cells, which impair muscle regeneration and contributes to the decline in muscle health. Cdkn1a, which encodes p21, is a well-known marker of cellular senescence. However, it remains unclear whether p21 inhibition eliminates senescent myoblasts and restores the differentiation capacity. Methods: We performed transcriptomic analysis to identify genes related to aging-induced sarcopenia using 21 month-old Sprague–Dawley rats. To investigate the specific role of Cdkn1a gene in muscle aging, we used an in vitro model of ceramide-induced senescence in myoblasts, which was verified by the upregulation of p21 and increased senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining. To inhibit p21, we treated myoblasts with small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting Cdkn1a. Using fluorescence-activated cell sorting, we separated subpopulations of cells with high or low caspase 3/7 activity. Protein expression related to myogenesis, muscle atrophy, protein synthesis, and apoptosis were quantified by western blotting. Results: In our transcriptomic analysis, we identified Cdkn1a as an upregulated gene in both the soleus and white gastrocnemius muscles of aged rats, among 36 commonly upregulated genes. The upregulation of Cdkn1a appears to be linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence, underscoring its significance in sarcopenia pathogenesis. C2-ceramide treatment effectively induced senescence, as evidenced by increased p21 expression, enhanced SA-β-gal staining, decreased myogenesis, and increased apoptosis. Knockdown of p21 in ceramide-treated myoblasts significantly reduced SA-β-gal-positive cells, restored cell proliferation, reduced the expression of senescence-associated cytokines (i.e., interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α), and selectively induced apoptosis in the senescent cell p

关键词： Cdkn1a Myogenesis p21 Sarcopenia Senescence Senolysis

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