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Slow and stored light via electromagnetically induced transparency using a Λ-type superconducting artificial atom

Physical Review Research 2025年第1期7卷 L012015-L012015页

作者： Kai-I Chu Xiao-Cheng Lu Kuan-Hsun Chiang Yen-Hsiang Lin Chii-Dong Chen Ite A. Yu Wen-Te Liao Yung-Fu Chen Molecular Science and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taiwan Department of Physics National Central University Taoyuan City 32001 Taiwan Department of Physics National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan Institute of Physics Academia Sinica Taipei 11529 Taiwan Center for Quantum Science and Technology National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan Quantum Technology Center National Central University Taoyuan City 32001 Taiwan Physics Division National Center for Theoretical Sciences Taipei 10617 Taiwan

Recent progresses in Josephson-junction-based superconducting circuits have propelled quantum information processing forward. However, the lack of a metastable state in most superconducting artificial atoms hinders the development of photonic quantum memory in this platform. Here we use a single superconducting qubit-resonator system to realize a desired Λ-type artificial atom, and to demonstrate slow light with a group velocity of 3.6 km/s and the microwave storage with a memory time extending to several hundred nanoseconds via electromagnetically induced transparency. Our results highlight the potential of achieving microwave quantum memory, promising substantial advancements in quantum information processing within superconducting circuits.

关键词： Josephson junction devices

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molecular architecture of mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

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Protein & Cell 2025年第1期16卷 72-78页

作者： Maofei Chen Yutong Song Sensen Zhang Yitang Zhang Xudong Chen Minghui Zhang Meng Han Xin Gao Sai Li Maojun Yang Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological StructureSchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Basic Medical SciencesShenzhen University Health Science CenterShenzhen 518060China Protein Research Technology Center Protein Chemistry and Omics PlatformSchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Computer Science Program ComputerElectrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Computational Bioscience Research Center King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal 23955-6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Cryo-EM Facility Center Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Beijing Life Science Academy Beijing 102209China

Dear Editor,Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex(PDHc) is a large multienzyme assembly(Mr = 4–10 million Daltons) consisting of three essential components: pyruvate dehydrogenase(E1p), dihydrolipoyl transacetylase(E2p), and dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase(E3). These three enzymes perform distinct functions sequentially to catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate with formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH) and acetyl-coenzyme A(Patel and Roche, 1990).

关键词： sequentially oxidative Dalton

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Harnessing the Microbiome: CRISPR-Based Gene Editing and Antimicrobial Peptides in Combating Antibiotic Resistance and Cancer

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Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins 2025年 2025 May 16页

作者： Radwa A Amen Yaser M Hassan Rawan A Essmat Rana H Ahmed Marwan M Azab Nadia R Shehata Mariam M Elgazzar Wael M El-Sayed Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Science Cairo University Cairo Egypt. Biotechnology Program Faculty of Science Ain Shams University Abbassia Cairo 11566 Egypt. Faculty of Pharmacy Modern University for Information and Technology Cairo 11728 Egypt. Biotechnology Program Faculty of Science Mansoura University Mansoura 35516 Egypt. Molecular Biotechnology Program Faculty of Science Helwan University Ain Helwan Cairo Egypt. College of Biotechnology Misr University for Science and Technology Giza 12596 Egypt. College of Biotechnology Badr University in Cairo Cairo Egypt. Department of Zoology Faculty of Science Ain Shams University Abbassia 11566 Cairo Egypt. wael_farag@sci.asu.edu.eg.

The growing crisis of antibiotic resistance and the increasing incidence of cancer have prompted the exploration of innovative approaches, such as gene editing and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). The human microbiome is integral to various aspects of health, disease, and therapeutic development, influencing metabolic pathways, immune function, and pathogen resistance. Recent advances in gene editing technologies, particularly CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats), have opened new avenues for leveraging the microbiome to address complex medical challenges, including combating multidrug-resistant pathogens and cancer. The microbiome plays a crucial role in combating antibiotic resistance by modulating microbial communities, influencing pathogen survival and susceptibility to treatments. This review explores the microbiome's dynamic role in metabolic regulation, its contribution to cancer management, and how AMPs help maintain homeostasis and exhibit emerging anticancer properties, supported by both preclinical findings and clinical evidence. Additionally, CRISPR-based microbiome engineering offers potential to enhance host-microbiome interactions, optimizing therapeutic outcomes. The integration of microbiome metagenomics and proteomics has led to the discovery of novel AMPs with targeted anticancer effects. Innovative strategies, such as engineered probiotics and CRISPR-based microbiome engineering, present exciting prospects for next-generation therapies. Despite these advances, the translation of microbiome-based therapies into clinical settings remains challenging due to ethical, regulatory, and ecological hurdles. This review underscores the transformative potential of microbiome-based interventions, emphasizing the role of personalized medicine in maximizing therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, we also address critical research gaps, limitations, and future directions, including optimizing AMP stability, delivery, and bioavailability, a

关键词： CRISPR-Cas9 Cancer immunotherapy Metagenomics Microbiome engineering Multidrug-resistant pathogens Personalized therapeutics Probiotics

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NMD-mediated posttranscriptional regulation fine-tunes the NLR-WRKY regulatory module to modulate bacterial defense response

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Plant science 2025年 356卷 112528页

作者： Nasim, Zeeshan Karim, Nouroz Blilou, Ikram Ahn, Ji Hoon Department of Molecular Life Sciences Korea University Seoul 02841 South Korea Plant Science Program Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia

Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a conserved eukaryotic surveillance system that maintains transcriptome integrity by degrading aberrant RNA transcripts. NMD ensures proper growth and development by preventing autoimmunity through the direct regulation of nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) genes. Whether NMD directly regulates WRKY genes remains unclear, despite their upregulation in NMD-deficient plants, and potential feedback between NLRs and WRKYs is also poorly understood. In this study, we showed that NMD also directly regulates a subset of WRKY (WRKY15, 18, 25, 33, 46, 60, and 70) genes, particularly at lower temperatures (16°C). NMD signature-containing transcripts of WRKY46 and WRKY70, selected as representative NMD-regulated WRKY genes, showed increased half-lives in NMD-deficient mutants. Transcriptome analyses showed that these seven NMD-regulated WRKY genes are induced in response to bacterial infection. Potential homologues of these seven NMD-regulated WRKY genes in maize and rice showed similar induction in response to bacterial pathogen infection. Furthermore, these NMD-regulated WRKY genes are induced in plants overexpressing RESISTANT TO P. SYRINGAE 4 (RPS4) in a temperature-dependent manner. By using ChIP-seq and DAP-seq data of WRKY transcription factors, we showed that WRKYs potentially regulate a significant number of NLR genes by directly binding to the W-box in their promoter regions. Taken together, our findings revealed that in addition to the NLRs, the NMD machinery also regulates WRKY genes to keep the basal defense levels in check and the WRKY transcription factors directly regulate NLR genes to constitutes a positive feedback regulatory loop to optimize the plant response to invading pathogens. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Arabidopsis Defense NLR NMD UPF WRKY

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Efficient synthesis method of CsPbBr3/Al2O3 composite powders for scalable production: Augmented green emission and thermal stability

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Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 2025年

作者： Kim, Seok-Hun Shin, Weon Ho Oh, Jong-Min Kim, Sang-Wook Kim, Sunghoon Center for Brain Busan 21 Plus Program Dong-Eui University Busan47340 Korea Republic of Department of Electronic Materials Engineering Kwangwoon University Seoul01897 Korea Republic of Department of Molecular Science and Technology Ajou University Suwon16499 Korea Republic of

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have gained significant attention for their exceptional optoelectronic properties, particularly in displays. However, their practical utility is severely limited by their intrinsic instability, including poor thermal stability, photostability, and susceptibility to moisture-induced degradation. This study introduces scalable synthesis of CsPbBr3/Al2O3 green-emitting phosphors, using submicron Al2O3 as a support, comparing mechanochemical reaction (MRM) and dissolution-evaporation (DEM) methods. DEM is the optimal route, enabling the formation of monoclinic CsPbBr3/Al2O3 with high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and enhanced stability. The influence of the CsPbBr3 to Al2O3 mass ratio on PLQY was quantitatively analyzed using the Halder-Wagner method, which indirectly calculated crystallite size and its correlation with PLQY. The composite demonstrated exceptional thermal stability, maintaining over 90 % of its initial PL intensity after 200 °C exposure for 15 days and showed excellent photostability, maintaining nearly its initial luminous efficiency under the currents of 20 mA and 70 mA for 10000-seconds. When integrated as a green phosphor in a white LED package with K2SiF6:Mn+4 as a red phosphor, it achieved a luminous efficiency of 25 lm W−1 and a color gamut of 112.4 % NTSC. These results highlight the potential of CsPbBr3/Al2O3 composites for cost-effective, stable, and high-performance optoelectronic applications. © 2025 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry

关键词： Perovskite

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Cryo-EM reveals conformational variability in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD induced by two broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies

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RSC advances 2025年第18期15卷 14385-14399页

作者： Clayton Fernando Rencilin Arnab Chatterjee Mohammad Yousuf Ansari Suprit Deshpande Sohini Mukherjee Randhir Singh Sowrabha B Jayatheertha Poorvi M Reddy Nitin Hingankar Raghavan Varadarajan Jayanta Bhattacharya Somnath Dutta Molecular Biophysics Unit Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru 560012 India somnath@iisc.ac.in. Antibody Translational Research Program Translational Health Science & Technology Institute Faridabad Haryana 121001 India. BRIC-Translational Health Science & Technology Institute Faridabad Haryana 121001 India. IAVI Gurugram Haryana 122022 India. IAVI New York NY 10004 USA. Mynvax Private Limited Vani Vilas Road Basavanagudi Bengaluru 560004 India.

SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins play a critical role in infection by interacting with the ACE2 receptors. Their receptor-binding domains and N-terminal domains exhibit remarkable flexibility and can adopt various conformations that facilitate receptor engagement. Previous structural studies have reported the RBD of the spike protein in "up", "down", and various intermediate states, as well as its different conformational changes during ACE2 binding. This flexibility also influences its interactions with the neutralizing antibodies, yet its role in the antibody complexes remains understudied. In this study, we used cryo-electron microscopy to investigate the structural properties of two broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, ***04 and ***26. These antibodies were isolated from an unvaccinated individual and demonstrated potent neutralization of multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants. Our analysis revealed distinct binding characteristics and conformational changes in the spike RBD upon binding with the monoclonal antibodies. The structural characterization of the spike protein-monoclonal antibody complexes provided valuable insights into the structural variability of the spike protein and the possible mechanisms for antibody-mediated neutralization.

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Synergistic Polydopamine/Graphene Oxide Hybrids: Elevating Electrochemical Performance

ACS Electrochemistry

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ACS Electrochemistry 2025年第4期1卷 453-464页

作者： Busra Ozlu Saimon Moraes Silva Simon E. Moulton Bong Sup Shim Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering Inha University 100 Inha-ro Michuhol-gu Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science The Biomedical and Environmental Sensor Technology (BEST) Research Centre La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria 3086 Australia ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science Faculty of Science Engineering and Technology Swinburne University of Technology Hawthorn Victoria 3122 Australia；Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne Melbourne Victoria 3065 Australia；Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute Swinburne University of Technology Melbourne Victoria 3122 Australia Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering Inha University 100 Inha-ro Michuhol-gu Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea；Department of Chemical Engineering Inha University 100 Inha-ro Michuhol-gu Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea

Melanin, a natural biopolymer with a conjugated backbone, stands out as a promising candidate for bioelectronics owing to its redox activity, metal ion chelation, hydration-dependent electrical response, wet adhesion, potential electronic transport, anti-inflammatory properties, and excellent thermal stability. In this study, we explore the impact of hybridizing liquid crystalline graphene oxide (LCGO) into the conductive melanin-like polymer polydopamine (PDA) on the morphology, stability, and synergistic electrochemical performance. Our findings reveal that the gold electrode coated with PDA:LCGO composites exhibit more than two orders of magnitude lower impedance and more than 100 times higher charge storage capacity compared to both bare gold electrodes and those coated with pure PDA. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the morphology and the electrode performance could be tuned by adjusting the synthesis parameters in the PDA:LCGO electrochemical deposition. This PDA:LCGO composite, with its superior electrochemical performance, holds promise for diverse bioelectronics applications ranging from biosensors to implantable bionic interfaces.

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The Crossroads of Neurology and Immunology: Exploring the Intricacies of Neuroimmune Interactions

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2025年第1期15卷 42-57页

作者： Isra Omar Ahmed Alakhras Samahir Mutwali Moiz Bakhiet Department of Clinical Medicine College of Medicine Almaarefa University Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Clinical Medicine College of Medicine University of Medical Sciences and Technology Khartoum Sudan Tele Geriatric Michigan State University Fellowship Program East Lansing USA Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Science Arabian Gulf University Manama Kingdom of Bahrain

The concept of neuroimmune interactions has shown significant advancements over the years. Modern research has revealed many areas of connection between fields, which were previously viewed as distinct disciplines. For example, the nervous system can sense changes in the external environment and convey these changes through molecules and mediators with receptors in the immune system to modulate immune responses. Neuromediators can act on different receptors in the same group of cells, producing antipodal effects. Identification of the anti-inflammatory role of glucocorticoids highlighted that the body functions properly in an integrated manner. These interactions and crosstalk are not unidirectional, as the immune system can also influence various aspects of the nervous system, such as synaptic plasticity and fever. Strict integration of neuro-immuno-endocrine circuits is indispensable for homeostasis. Understanding these circuits and molecules can lead to advances in the understanding of various immune diseases, which will offer promising therapeutic options.

关键词： Neuroimmune Interactions Neuromediators Synaptic Plasticity Homeostasis Immune Modulation

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Development of liquid biofuel properties through the blending of biodiesel from used cooking oil and pyrolysis oil from low-quality rubber waste

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Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering 2025年 11卷

作者： Moonsin, Preecha Roschat, Wuttichai Phewphong, Sunti Watthanalao, Sittichai Maneerat, Bunterm Thammayod, Aekkaphon Leelatam, Tappagorn Suwannarong, Prawit Yoosuk, Boonyawan Janetaisong, Pathompong Promarak, Vinich Program of Chemistry Faculty of Science Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University Mueang District Ubon Ratchathani 34000 Thailand Biomass Energy Research Laboratory Center of Excellence on Alternative Energy Research and Development Institution Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University Mueang District Sakon Nakhon 47000 Thailand Program of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University Mueang District Sakon Nakhon 47000 Thailand Innovation in Chemistry for Community Research Unit Faculty of Science and Technology Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University Mueang District Sakon Nakhon 47000 Thailand Appropriated Technology Center Faculty of Science and Technology Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University Mueang District Sakon Nakhon 47000 Thailand Program of Environment Science Faculty of Science and Technology Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University Mueang District Sakon Nakhon 47000 Thailand National Energy Technology Center (ENTEC) 114 Thailand Science Park Phahonyothin Road Klong Luang Pathumthani 12120 Thailand Department of Material Science and Engineering School of Molecular Science & Engineering Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology Wangchan Rayong 21210 Thailand

This study explores the potential of enhancing waste rubber pyrolysis oil (WRPO) by blending it with biodiesel derived from used cooking oil (WCO biodiesel oil) to improve its suitability as an alternative biofuel. The hypothesis posits that such blending will improve fuel stability, reduce acidity, and enhance combustion efficiency. The methodology included fuel characterization, preparation of various blending ratios, and evaluation of fuel properties, engine performance, and emissions. WRPO was found to contain high levels of aromatic and oxygenated compounds, resulting in high acidity (0.48 mg KOH/g), low viscosity (1.93 cSt), and a reduced heating value (44.39 MJ/kg). In contrast, WCO biodiesel oil exhibited strong ester characteristics, contributing to improved combustion and stability. Blending WRPO with WCO biodiesel oil at a 50:50 ratio (P50:B50 blend) enhanced fuel properties, including a density of 895 kg/m³, reduced viscosity (3.28 cSt), and a lower acid value (0.26 mg KOH/g), along with an increased heating value of 45.60 MJ/kg—approaching that of conventional diesel. Engine testing showed improved torque and reduced brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) compared to pure WRPO. Emission analysis revealed reductions in CO (18.5 %), HC (23.7 %), and smoke opacity (16.2 %), while NO_x emissions remained below diesel levels due to the lower combustion temperature of WRPO. These results suggest that the P50:B50 blend effectively addresses the drawbacks of WRPO, offering a promising, sustainable alternative to conventional diesel through improved performance, reduced emissions, and waste-to-energy valorization. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Biodiesel oil Fuel blending Liquid biofuel Pyrolysis oil Sustainable energy

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Alkaline lignin from Clarisia racemosa wood: antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and schistosomicidal activities, and its use as an excipient in praziquantel release

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International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 2025年 310卷 143372页

作者： Cavalcante, Lucas Andrade Oliveira de Oliveira Moraes Miranda, Josué Filipe Silva, Maria Gabriela Cavalcanti Pereira, Maria Julha Felix Marques, Diego Santa Clara do Nascimento Junior, Agrinaldo Jacinto de Oliveira, Ila Maranhão Maia, Rafael Trindade de Lima, Maria Carmo Alves de Lima Aires, André da Cruz Filho, Iranildo José Department of Tropical Medicine Federal University of Pernambuco 50670-901 Brazil Department of Antibiotics Laboratory of Chemistry and Therapeutic Innovation Federal University of Pernambuco 50670-901 Brazil Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Brasília - Campus Planaltina 73 380-900 Brazil Center for Sustainable Development of the Semiarid Region Federal University of Campina Postgraduate Program in Natural Sciences and Biotechnology at UFCG and the Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology at UFPB Brazil

Lignins are versatile macromolecules with a wide range of applications across various industrial sectors. In this groundbreaking study, alkaline lignin was successfully isolated and characterized from the wood of Clarisia racemosa, a tree of significant economic value in the Amazon timber industry. Lignin extraction was performed through acid extraction followed by delignification. Characterization of the isolated lignin revealed its GSH-type structure, along with thermal stability and low molecular weight. Subsequent investigations focused on the lignin's biological properties. In vitro, the assays demonstrated its potent antioxidant activity, effectively scavenging free radicals. Lignin also exhibited low toxicity and notable immunomodulatory properties, promoting the proliferation and activation of immune cells. Furthermore, it's in vitro schistosomicidal activity against Schistosoma mansoni was confirmed, with scanning electron microscopy revealing significant effects on the parasite. Finally, the study verified that lignin from Clarisia racemosa is a promising excipient for the controlled release of praziquantel, highlighting its potential in the formulation of ecologically and economically sustainable tablets. This research contributes to the innovative utilization of lignin in the development of environmentally friendly and cost-effective pharmaceutical products. © 2025

关键词： Biomaterial Lignin Schistosoma mansoni

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