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Improving peer Connectivity in wide-area overlays of virtual workstations 08

Improving peer Connectivity in wide-area overlays of virtual...

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17th International Symposium on High Performance Distributed computing 2008, HPDC'08

作者： Ganguly, Arijit Oscar Boykin, P. Wolinksky, David I. Figueiredo, Renato J. Advanced Computing and Information Systems Laboratory University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781595939975

Self-configuring virtual networks rely on structured P2P routing to provide seamless connectivity among nodes through overlay routing of virtual IP packets, support decentralized hole-punching to establish bi-directional communication links among nodes behind network address translators, and dynamic configuration of virtual IP addresses. Our experiences with deployments of virtual networks in support of wide-area overlays of virtual workstations (WOWs) reveal that connectivity constraints imposed by symmetric NATs and by Internet route outages often hinder P2P overlay structure maintenance and routability, subsequently limiting the ability of WOWs to deliver high-throughput computing through aggregation of resources in different domains. In this paper, we describe and evaluate two novel approaches which are generally applicable and fully decentralized, and show that they improve routability of structured P2P networks in such connectivity constrained environments: (1) a fault-tolerant routing algorithm based on simulated annealing from optimization theory, and (2) tunneling of connections between adjacent nodes (in the P2P identifier space) over common neighbors when direct communication is not possible. Simulation-based analyses show that when pairs of nodes only have 70% chance of being able to communicate directly, the described approaches improve all-to-all routability of the network horn 90% to 99%. We have implemented these techniques in the IP-over-P2P (IPOP) virtual network and have conducted experiments with a 80-node WOW Condor pool, demonstrating that, at 81% probability of establishing a pair-wise connection, annealing and tunneling combined allow all nodes to be connected to the pool, compared to only 160 nodes in the absence of these techniques. Copyright 2008 ACM.

关键词： Simulated annealing

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AViTExt: Automatic Video Text Extraction: A new Approach for video content indexing Application

AViTExt: Automatic Video Text Extraction: A new Approach for...

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3rd International Conference on information and Communication Technologies, vol.2

作者： Baseem Bouaziz Tarek Zlitni Walid Mahdi Multimedia Information systems and Advanced Computing Laboratory Sfax Tunisia

In this paper, we propose a spatial temporal video-text detection technique which proceed in two principal steps: potential text region detection and a filtering process. In the first step we divide dynamically each pair of consecutive video frames into sub block in order to detect change. A significant difference between homologous blocks implies the appearance of an important object which may be a text region. The temporal redundancy is then used to filter these regions and forms an effective text region. The experimentation driven on a variety of video sequences shows the effectiveness of our approach by obtaining a 89,39% as precision rate and 90,19 as recall.

关键词： Component Video indexing and browsing Spatiotemporal approach Text extractin Non compressed video Multiple-frame

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AAAI 2008 workshop reports

AAAI 2008 workshop reports

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作者： Anand, Sarabjot Singh Bunescu, Razvan Carvcdho, Vitor Chomicki, Jan Conitzer, Vincent Cox, Michael T. Dignum, Virginia Dodds, Zachary Dredze, Mark Furcy, David Gabrilovich, Evgeniy Göker, Mehmet H. Guesgen, Hans Hirsh, Haym Jannach, Dietmar Junker, Ulrich Ketter, Wolfgang Kobsa, Alfred Koenig, Sven Lau, Tessa Lewis, Lundy Matson, Eric Metzler, Ted Mihalcea, Rada Mobasher, Bamshad Pineau, Joelle Poupart, Pascal Raja, Anita Ruml, Wheeler Sadeh, Norman Shani, Guy Shapiro, Daniel Smith, Trey Taylor, Matthew E. Wagstaff, Kiri Walsh, William Zhou, Rong Department of Computer Science University of Warwick United Kingdom School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Ohio University United States Microsoft Live Labs United States computer science and engineering University at Buffalo United States Computer science and economics Duke University United States Intelligent Computing group of BBN Technologies Utrecht University Netherlands Department of Computer science Harvey Mudd College United States University of Pennsylvania United States University of Wisconsin United States Yahoo Research PricewaterhouseCoopers Center for Advanced Research United States Department of Computer science School of Engineering and Advanced Technology Massey University New Zealand Departent of Computer science Rutgers University United States Department of Computer Science Dortmund University of Technology. Germany ILOG Rotterdam School of Management Erasmus University Netherlands Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences University of California Irvine United States Depatrment of Computer science University of Southern California United States IBM Almaden Research Center United States Department of Computer Information Technology Southern New Hampshire University United States Computer and Information Technology Program College of Technology Purdue University United States Hughes Program for Religion and Science Dialogue Oklahoma City University United States Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of North Texas United States School of Computing DePaul University United States Department of Computer Science McGill University Canada School of Computer Science University of Waterloo Canada Department of Software and Information Systems University of North Carolina Charlotte United States University of New Hampshire United States Microsoft Research Institute for the Study of Learning and Expertise Applied Reactivity Inc. United States NASA Ames Research Center Carnegie Mellon University West

AAAI was pleased to present the AAAI-08 Workshop Program, held Sunday and Monday, July 13-14, in Chicago, Illinois, USA. The program included the following 15 workshops: Advancements in POMDP Solvers;AI Education Workshop Colloquium;Coordination, Organizations, Institutions, and Norms in Agent systems, Enhanced Messaging;Human Implications of Human-Robot Interaction;Intelligent Techniques for Web Personalization and Recommender systems;Metareasoning: Thinking about Thinking;Multidisciplinary Workshop on Advances in Preference Handling;Search in Artificial Intelligence and Robotics;Spatial and Temporal Reasoning;Trading Agent Design and Analysis;Transfer Learning for Complex Tasks;What Went Wrong and Why: Lessons from AI Research and Applications;and Wikipedia and Artificial Intelligence: An Evolving Synergy. Copyright © 2009, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence. All rights reserved.

关键词： Human robot interaction

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Semantic maps and mobile context capturing for picture content visualization and management of picture databases 08

Semantic maps and mobile context capturing for picture conte...

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7th International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous multimedia, MUM'08

作者： Christodoulakis, Stavros Foukarakis, Michalis Ragia, Lemonia Uchiyama, Hiroaki Imai, Takuya Laboratory of Distributed Multimedia Information Systems and Applications Chania Crete 73100 Greece Advanced Systems Group 24 rue General-Dufour 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland Systems Lab Ricoh Co LTD Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781605581927

Modern cameras are powerful devices that can interoperate using international standards with other sensors that can capture the context of each picture taken. Future cameras are expected to integrate such sensors within them. The contextual parameters captured can be interpreted with the help of semantic maps which are maps that integrate semantic information on them. Semantic maps can be used for understanding and visualization of the picture contents as well as for the management of context and content in picture databases. In this paper, we present a model for the management of semantic image information and the contextual knowledge related to the image capture along with a system implementation that manages and exploits this knowledge. Digital picture contents in the database can be interrelated with, and understood based on, contextual semantic geospatial information that the system manages. We describe the integrated camera system, the calculation and visualization of the contextual parameters, and the management of the semantics of the spatial objects. Finally, we present the implementation of SPIM, a SPatial Image Management system that exploits semantic contextual knowledge, its retrieval functionality and the visual user interfaces. Copyright 2008 ACM.

关键词： Semantics

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CloudBLAST: combining MapReduce and virtualization on distributed resources for bioinformatics applications

CloudBLAST: combining MapReduce and virtualization on distri...

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4th IEEE International Conference on eScience, eScience 2008

作者： Matsunaga, Andréa Tsugawa, Maurício Fortes, José Advanced Computing and Information Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Florida PO Box 116200 Gainesville FL 32611-6200 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780769535357

This paper proposes and evaluates an approach to the parallelization, deployment and management of bioinformatics applications that integrates several emerging technologies for distributed computing. The proposed approach uses the MapReduce paradigm to parallelize tools and manage their execution, machine virtualization to encapsulate their execution environments and commonly used data sets into flexibly deployable virtual machines, and network virtualization to connect resources behind firewalls/NATs while preserving the necessary performance and the communication environment. An implementation of this approach is described and used to demonstrate and evaluate the proposed approach. The implementation integrates Hadoop, Virtual Workspaces, and ViNe as the MapReduce, virtual machine and virtual network technologies, respectively, to deploy the commonly used bioinformatics tool NCBI BLAST on a WAN-based test bed consisting of clusters at two distinct locations, the University of Florida and the University of Chicago. This WAN-based implementation, called CloudBLAST, was evaluated against both non-virtualized and LAN-based implementations in order to assess the overheads of machine and network virtualization, which were shown to be insignificant. To compare the proposed approach against an MPI-based solution, CloudBLAST performance was experimentally contrasted against the publicly available mpiBLAST on the same WAN-based test bed. Both versions demonstrated performance gains as the number of available processors increased, with CloudBLAST delivering speedups of 57 against 52.4 of MPI version, when 64 processors on 2 sites were used. The results encourage the use of the proposed approach for the execution of large-scale bioinformatics applications on emerging distributed environments that provide access to computing resources as a service. © 2008 IEEE.

关键词： MapReduce

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Characterizing user-level network virtualization: performance, overheads and limits

Characterizing user-level network virtualization: performanc...

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4th IEEE International Conference on eScience, eScience 2008

作者： Tsugawa, Maurício Fortes, José A. B. Advanced Computing and Information Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Florida PO Box 116200 Gainesville FL 32611-6200 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780769535357

Connectivity limitations of the current Internet pose challenges to e-Science infrastructure, as communication between resources is of key importance for the sharing of hardware, software and data across geographically distributed institutions. To overcome such limitations many overlay networks have been developed. Existing solutions report performance that can keep up with slow wide-area links-however the question remains as to how overlay networks perform on new high-speed Internet connections. This paper characterizes the performance of user-level packet processing, which is at the core of most overlay networks implementations. To this end, building blocks of packet processing software are identified and characterized, and performance of IP forwarders developed in C and Java are compared through extensive measurements. Factors that affect the performance of overlay networks and limitations of existing solutions are characterized, providing insights on possible improvements. Experimental results show the following: to achieve maximum throughput, only a few microseconds (2 to 5) can be spent in virtual network processing;processing of small packets can limit TCP throughput;and overlays need to be carefully architected as encapsulation overheads can be substantial. © 2008 IEEE.

关键词： Overlay networks

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Characterizing User-Level Network Virtualization: Performance, Overheads and Limits

Characterizing User-Level Network Virtualization: Performanc...

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IEEE International Conference on e-Science and Grid computing

作者： Maurício Tsugawa José A. B. Fortes Advanced Computing and Information Systems Laboratory Advanced Computing and Information Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Florida Gainesville FL USA

Connectivity limitations of the current Internet pose challenges to e-Science infrastructure, as communication between resources is of key importance for the sharing of hardware, software and data across geographically distributed institutions. To overcome such limitations many overlay networks have been developed. Existing solutions report performance that can keep up with slow wide-area links - however the question remains as to how overlay networks perform on new high-speed Internet connections. This paper characterizes the performance of user-level packet processing, which is at the core of most overlay networks implementations. To this end, building blocks of packet processing software are identified and characterized, and performance of IP forwarders developed in C and Java are compared through extensive measurements. Factors that affect the performance of overlay networks and limitations of existing solutions are characterized, providing insights on possible improvements. Experimental results show the following: to achieve maximum throughput, only a few microseconds (2 to 5) can be spent in virtual network processing; processing of small packets can limit TCP throughput; and overlays need to be carefully architected as encapsulation overheads can be substantial.

关键词： IP networks Software performance Java Hardware Throughput Peer to peer computing Routing Resource virtualization Computer networks Distributed computing

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Simplifying resource sharing in voluntary grid computing with the grid appliance

Simplifying resource sharing in voluntary grid computing wit...

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International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing (IPDPS)

作者： David Isaac Wolinsky Renato J. Figueiredo Advanced Computing and Information Systems Laboratory University of Florida USA

Research projects in many fields are increasingly reliant on the use of computer-based simulation and computing grids. Many projects have successfully leveraged voluntary computing infrastructures by developing and distributing "@home" applications using the BOINC framework. Through generous contributions from the general public, these systems now have a computing backbone on which to have their data processed or simulations run. A shortcoming of such systems is that most users are often limited to contributing resources and few users are capable of developing or porting their own applications in order to use these resources. While many users are satisfied with receiving points (an intangible good) in return for their contribution, the need to port applications presents a barrier to entry to many other users who can potentially benefit from using the voluntary resources. In this paper, we describe enhancements made to the "grid appliance", a virtual machine based system which enables an execution environment in which users are given the opportunity to voluntarily share (providing and using) resources and run unmodified x86/Linux applications. Voluntary grids introduce a host of issues to tackle, most importantly getting users involved quickly. With that in mind, the grid appliance provides many tools for making a user-friendly environment for users, developers, and administrators. This paper summarizes the challenges of getting users involved, reducing the overhead for administrators, and describes the solutions used in the grid appliance.

关键词： Resource management Grid computing Home appliances Computational modeling Computer simulation Distributed computing Application software Spine Virtual machining Linux

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A Generic Framework for the Engineering of Self-Adaptive and Self-Organising systems

A Generic Framework for the Engineering of Self-Adaptive and...

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Organic computing - Controlled Self-Organization 2008

作者： Marzo Serugendo, Giovanna Di Fitzgerald, John Romanovsky, Alexander Guelfi, Nicolas School of Computer Science and Information Systems Birkbeck College London United Kingdom School of Computing Science University of Newcastle Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom Laboratory for Advanced Software Systems University of Luxembourg Luxembourg

This paper provides a unifying view for the engineering of self-adaptive (SA) and self-organising (SO) systems. We first identify requirements for designing and building trustworthy self-adaptive and self-organising systems. Second, we propose a generic framework combining design-time and run-time features, which permit the definition and analysis at design-time of mechanisms that both ensure and constrain the run-time behaviour of an SA or SO system, thereby providing some assurance of its self-* capabilities. We show how this framework applies to both an SA and an SO system, and discuss several current proof-of-concept studies on the enabling technologies. © 2008 Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings.

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Integrating Overlay and Social Networks for Seamless P2P Networking

Integrating Overlay and Social Networks for Seamless P2P Net...

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IEEE International Workshop on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises (WET ICE)

作者： Renato J. Figueiredo P. Oscar Boykin Pierre St. Juste David Wolinsky Advanced Computing and Information Systems Laboratory University of Florida Gainesville FL USA

In this paper we introduce social VPNs, a novel system architecture which leverages existing social networking infrastructures to enable ad-hoc VPNs which are self-configuring, self-managing, yet maintain security against untrusted parties. The key principles in our approach are: (1) self-configuring virtual network overlays enable seamless bi-directional IP-layer connectivity among parties linked by means of social connections; (2) social networking infrastructures greatly facilitate the establishment of trust relationships among parties, and these can be seamlessly integrated with existing public-key cryptography implementations to authenticate and encrypt traffic flows on overlay links end-to-end; and (3) knowledge of social connections can be used to improve the performance of overlay routing. This paper describes the architecture of such Social VPNs and a prototype implementation which integrates the Facebook API, IP-over-P2P virtual networks, and the IPsec security infrastructure in a virtual router. We demonstrate the ability of the prototype to support existing, unmodified TCP/IP applications while transparently dealing with the increasingly common case of users connected to the Internet through network address translators (NATs), and present qualitative and quantitative analysis of its functionality and performance.

关键词： Virtual private networks IP networks Social network services Prototypes Public key Tunneling Internet

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