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Successful completion of onchocerciasis elimination mapping (OEM) in Niger, West Africa

INTERNATIONAL HEALTH 2024年第2期16卷 227-229页

作者： Adamou, Salissou Boakye, Daniel Bouckari, Laouali Heggen, Anne Tallant, Jamie Youssouf, Yaye Mackenzie, Charles D. Niger Programme Onchocercose & Filariose Lymphat Niamey Niger Reaching Last Mile Fund END Fund New York NY 10016 USA Noguchi Mem Inst Med Res Accra Ghana Heller Keller Int Niamey Niger COR NTD Task Force Global Hlth Atlanta GA 30030 USA

Background By 1987, onchocerciasis in Niger had been successfully controlled in the six endemic river basins. In 2017, onchocerciasis elimination mapping (OEM) was carried out to determine if there was any ongoing transmission in the country as a whole. Methods The recommended OEM procedures were implemented. Results Ten districts, that included 35 villages, required field investigation as sites of possible transmission. None of these were found capable of supporting black fly breeding, nor was there any evidence of the presence of Simulium sp. flies. Conclusions The implementation of OEM indicates that there is no transmission of onchocerciasis currently taking place in these newly assessed sites in Niger.

关键词： elimination mapping exclusion mapping Niger onchocerciasis

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Spatial-temporal distribution of neglected tropical diseases burdens in China from 2005 to 2020

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第5期13卷 39-52页

作者： Hanqi Ouyang Ziyu Zhao Ibrahima SocéFall Amadou Garba Djirmay Okugbe Ebiotubo Ohore Robert Bergquist Guojing Yang NHC Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control School of Tropical Medicinethe First Affiliated HospitalHainan Medical UniversityHaikou 571199HainanChina Global NTD Programme WHOGenevaSwitzerland Ingerod BrastadSweden

Background Out of the 21 neglected tropical diseases(ntds)listed by the World Health Organization,15 affect the People’s Republic of *** significant achievements in controlling ntds,comprehensive assessments of the disease burden based on actual case data and detailed information on spatial and temporal dynamics are still *** study aims to assess the disease burden and spatial-temporal distribution of ntds in China from 2005 to 2020,to provide a reference for the formulation of national health agendas in line with the global health agenda,and guide resource *** The number of cases and deaths of major ntds in China from 2005 to 2020 were downloaded from the China Public Health Science Data Center(https://***/Share/***)of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and relevant *** formulas for disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)helped estimate the years of life lost(YLLs),years lived with disability(YLDs),and total *** autocor-relation analysis of the average ntds burden data for the years 2005 to 2020 was evaluated using Moran’sI *** China’s overall ntds burden decreased significantly,from 245,444.53 DALYs in 2005 to 18,984.34 DALYs in 2020,marking a reduction of 92.27%.In 2005,the DALYs caused by schistosomiasis and rabies represent a substantial proportion of the total disease burden,accounting for 65.37%and 34.43%*** 2015,Hunan and Sichuan provinces had the highest diversity of ntds,with 9 and 8 number of different ntds reported *** the highest disease burden was observed in Sichuan(242,683.46 DALYs),Xizang Zizhiqu(178,318.99 DALYs)and Guangdong(154,228.31 DALYs).The"high-high"clustering areas of ntds were mainly in China’s central and southern regions,as identified by spatial autocorrelation *** China has made unremitting efforts in the prevention and control of ntds,and the disease burden of major ntds in Chin

关键词： Neglected tropical diseases Disability-adjusted life years Spatiotemporal People’s Republic of China

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Time to change implementation units for mass drug administration against schistosomiasis in Uganda: Evidence from Communities levels data validation and its implication in planning

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PARASITE EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CONTROL 2024年 27卷 e00394页

作者： Adriko, Moses Tinkitina, Benjamin Arinaitwe, Moses Tukahebwa, Edridah M. Mubangizi, Alfred Ortega, Jorge Cano Zoure, Honorat Mwinzi, Pauline N. Kinvi, Boniface Djirmay, Amadou Garba Njenga, Sammy Mazigo, Humphrey D. Minist Hlth Natl Malaria Control Div Plot 6 Laudel RdPOB 7272 Kampala Uganda Minist Hlth Vector Borne & NTD Control Div Plot 15 Bombo Rd POB 1661 Kampala Uganda WHO African Reg Off Expanded Support Special Programme Project Elimina Congo Brazzaville Rep Congo WHO Dept Control Neglected Trop Dis Geneva Switzerland Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr POB 54840Off Raila Odinga Way Nairobi 00200 Kenya Catholic Univ Hlth & Allied Sci Sch Med Dept Med Parasitol & Entomol POB 1464 Mwanza Tanzania

Uganda started implementing mass drug administration against schistosomiasis in 2003, with district used as an implementation unit. This resulted into misclassification of communities into wrong risk levels, under-or-over treatment and over request of praziquantel (PZQ) drugs. The objective of the current study was to reviewing the community data available at World Health Organization/ESPEN database to understand the status of schistosomiasis and identify pockets with infection. The decision tree assessment tool was used to analyzed schistosomiasis epidemiological data of 7501 communities. Before validation, the schistosomiasis endemicity status of 79 % of communities was not known. After validation, 58.6 %, 22.6 % and 16.3 % of communities were not endemic, had low and moderate endemicity status. Of 2362 communities classified having high endemicity using a district as implementation unit, 41.6 %, 12.7 % and 17.3 % of them were not endemic, had low and moderate endemicity, while only 22.7 % had high endemicity. Using the new treatment guidelines, 2,875,006 school aged children were adequately treated, 18,235 were under-treated and 2,250,013 were over treated. The results show a considerable change in endemicity status when communities were used as an implementation unit compared to district. Thus, the country control programme is recommended to use communities as implementation unit.

关键词： Schistosomiasis District Communities Implementation unit Validation Uganda

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Human fascioliasis emergence in southern Asia: Complete nuclear rDNA spacer and mtDNA gene sequences prove Indian patient infection related to fluke hybridization in northeastern India and Bangladesh

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ONE HEALTH 2024年 18卷 100675-100675页

作者： Bargues, M. Dolores Artigas, Patricio Varghese, George M. John, T. Jacob Ajjampur, Sitara S. R. Ahasan, Syed Ali Chowdhury, Emdadul Haque Gabrielli, Albis Francesco Mas-Coma, Santiago Univ Valencia Fac Farm Dept Parasitol Ave Vicente Andres Estelles S-N Valencia 46100 Spain Inst Salud Carlos III CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas C Monforte Lemos 3-5 Pabellon 11 Planta 0 Madrid 28029 Spain Christian Med Coll & Hosp Dept Infect Dis Vellore 632004 Tamil Nadu India Christian Med Coll & Hosp Dept Microbiol Vellore 632004 Tamil Nadu India Christian Med Coll & Hosp Div Gastrointestinal Sci Wellcome Trust Res Lab Vellore 632004 Tamil Nadu India Bangladesh Agr Univ Fac Vet Sci Dept Pathol Mymensingh 2202 Bangladesh Dept Livestock Serv Dhaka Bangladesh WHO Global Neglected Trop Dis Programme NTD Ave Appia 20 CH-1211 Geneva 27 Switzerland

Fascioliasis is a snail-borne zoonotic disease with impact on the development of human subjects and communities. It is caused by two liver-infecting fasciolid trematode species, the globally-distributed Fasciola hepatica and the Africa/Asia-restricted but more pathogenic, larger F. gigantica. Fasciola gigantica is the cause of endemicity in livestock throughout the warm lowlands from Pakistan to southeastern Asia since old times. Human fascioliasis is emerging in this region at present, with an increase of patient reports. Complete sequences of rDNA ITS-1 and ITS-2 spacers and mtDNA nad1 and cox1 genes were obtained from fasciolid eggs found in the endoscopic bile aspirate from a patient of Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India. Egg measurements, pronounced ITS heterozygosity, and pure F. gigantica mtDNA haplotypes demonstrate an infection by a recent F. gigantica-like hybrid. Sequence identities and similarities with the same DNA markers found in livestock from Bangladesh prove the human-infecting fasciolid to present identical ITSs and nad1 haplotypes and only one silent transversion in cox1 when compared to a widely-spread combined haplotype in animals. In northeastern India and Bangladesh, human fascioliasis emergence appears linked to increasing livestock prevalences due to: ruminant importation from other countries because of the increasing demand of rapidly growing human populations;numerous livestock movements, including transborder corridors, due to the uncontrolled small-scale household farming practices;and man-made introduction of F. hepatica with imported livestock into an area originally endemic for F. gigantica leading to frequent hybridization. Sequences, phylogenetic trees, and networks indicate that the origins of intermediate/hybrid fasciolids and factors underlying human infection risk differ in eastern and western South Asia. The emergence scenario in southern China and Vietnam resembles the aforementioned of northeastern India and Bangladesh, w

关键词： Fasciola gigantica and F. hepatica Human infection Nuclear rDNA ITS-2 and ITS-1 Mitochondrial DNA nad1 and cox1 Encoded proteins Complete Sequences Heterozygotic sequence complexity Crossbreeding hybrids Livestock infection Animal importation Arunachal Pradesh India Bangladesh Pakistan China Vietnam

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A multidisciplinary analysis of over 53,000 fascioliasis patients along the 1995-2019 - 2019 countrywide spread in Vietnam defines a new epidemiological baseline for One Health approaches

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ONE HEALTH 2024年 19卷 100869页

作者： De, Nguyen Van Minh, Pham Ngoc Le, Thanh Hoa Dung, Do Trung Duong, Tran Thanh Tuan, Bui Van Dong, Le Thanh Chau, Nguyen Van Vinh Cuervo, Pablo F. Bargues, M. Dolores Valero, M. Adela Gabrielli, Albis Francesco Montresor, Antonio Mas-Coma, Santiago Ha Noi Med Univ 01 Ton That Tung Hanoi Vietnam Inst Biotechnol 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Hanoi Vietnam Natl Inst Malariol Parasitol & Entomol Hanoi Vietnam Quy Nhon Inst Malariol Parasitol & Entomol Quy Nhon Vietnam Ho Chi Minh Inst Malariol Parasitol & Entomol Ho Chi Minh Vietnam Ho Chi Minh Hosp Trop Dis Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam Univ Valencia Fac Farm Dept Parasitol Av Vicente Andres Estelles S-N Valencia 46100 Spain Inst Salud Carlos III CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas C Monforte Lemos 3-5Pabellon 11Planta 0 Madrid 28029 Spain WHO Global Neglected Trop Dis Programme NTD Ave Appia 20 CH-1211 Geneva 27 Switzerland Ivo Carneri Fdn Viale Monza 44 I-20127 Milan Italy

Fascioliasis, only foodborne trematodiasis of worldwide distribution, is caused by Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica, , liver flukes transmitted by freshwater snails. Southern and southeastern Asia is an emerging hot spot of F. gigantica, , despite its hitherto less involvement in human infection. In Vietnam, increasing cases have been reported since 1995, whereas only sixteen throughout 1800-1994. A database was created to include epidemiological data of fascioliasis patients from the 63 Vietnam provinces throughout 1995-2019. Case profiles were based on serology, symptoms, eosinophilia, imaging techniques, stool egg finding, and post-specific-treatment recovery. Radio broadcasting about symptoms and costless diagnosis/treatment led patients to hospitals after symptom onset. Yearly case numbers were modelled and spatio-temporally analyzed. Missing data and confounders were assessed. The countrywide spread has no precedent. It started in the central coast, including 53,109 patients, mostly adults and females. Seasonality, linked to vegetable consumption, peaks in June, although the intensity of this peak differs according to relief/climatic zones. Incidence data and logistic regression curves are obtained for the first time in human fascioliasis. Fasciolid hybrids accompanying the spreading F. gigantica flukes, and climate change assessed by risk index correlations, are both ruled out as outbreak causes. Human-guided movements of livestock from an original area prove to be the way used by fasciolids and lymnaeid vectors to expand geographically. Radix viridis, , a highly efficient transmitting and colonizing vector, played a decisive role in the spread. The use of irrigated crop fields, widely inhabited by R. viridis, , for livestock grazing facilitated the transmission and spread of the disease. General physician awareness and diagnostic capacity improvement proved the successful impact of such knowledge transfer in facilitating and increasing patient infection de

关键词： Human fascioliasis Fasciola gigantica Fasciola hybrids Geographically spreading outbreak Case number analyses Spatio-temporal clustering Incidence Infection characteristics Seasonality Climate analyses and correlations Risk indices Disease transmission Molecular characterization of fasciolids and lymnaeids Radix viridis Vegetable city markets Livestock management and movements Improving diagnostic capacity Historical landmarks Vietnam South East Asia

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Understanding hard-to-reach communities: local perspectives and experiences of trachoma control among the pastoralist Maasai in northern Tanzania

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JOURNAL OF BIOSOCIAL SCIENCE 2021年第6期53卷 819-838页

作者： Mtuy, Tara B. Bardosh, Kevin Ngondi, Jeremiah Mwingira, Upendo Seeley, Janet Burton, Matthew Lees, Shelley London Sch Hyg & Trop Med Dept Global Hlth & Dev London England London Sch Hyg & Trop Med Int Ctr Eye Hlth London England Univ Washington Sch Publ Hlth Ctr Hlth Res 1 Seattle WA 98195 USA RTI Int Washington DC USA Natl Inst Med Res NTD Control Programme Dar Es Salaam Tanzania

As progress to eliminate trachoma is made, addressing hard-to-reach communities becomes of greater significance. Areas in Tanzania, inhabited by the Maasai, remain endemic for trachoma. This study assessed the effectiveness of Mass Drug Administration (MDA) through an ethnographic study of trachoma amongst a Maasai community. The MDA experience in the context of the livelihoods of the Maasai in a changing political economy was explored using participant observation and household interviews. Factors influencing MDA effectiveness within five domains were analysed. 1) Terrain of intervention: Human movement hindered MDA, including seasonal migration, domestic chores, grazing and school. Encounters with wildlife were significant. 2) Socio-cultural factors and community agency: Norms around pregnancy led women to accept the drug but hide refusal to swallow the drug. Timing of Community Drug Distributor (CDD) visits conflicted with livestock grazing. Refusals occurred among the ilmurrani age group and older women. Mistrust significantly hindered uptake of drugs. 3) Strategies and motivation of drug distributors: Maa-speaking CDDs were critical to effective drug delivery. Maasai CDDs, whilst motivated, faced challenges of distances, encounters with wildlife and compensation. 4) Socio-materiality of technology: Decreases in side-effects over years have improved trust in the drug. Restrictions to swallowing drugs and/or water were relevant to post-partum women and the ilmurrani. 5) History and health governance: Whilst perceptions of the programme were positive, communities questioned government priorities for resources for hospitals, medicines, clean water and roads. They complained of a lack of information and involvement of community members in health care services. With elimination in sight, hard-to-reach communities are paramount as these are probably the last foci of infection. Effective delivery of MDA programmes in such communities requires a critical understanding o

关键词： Trachoma MDA Hard to-reach communities

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Building on a decade of progress in water, sanitation and hygiene to control, eliminate and eradicate neglected tropical diseases

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TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2021年第2期115卷 185-187页

作者： Boisson, Sophie Wohlgemuth, Leah Yajima, Aya Peralta, Genandrialine Obiageli, Nebe Matendechero, Sultani Baayenda, Gilbert Seife, Fikre Hamilton, Helen Chase, Claire Barry, Fatoumata B. M. Solomon, Anthony W. Velleman, Yael World Hlth Org Dept Environm Climate Change & Hlth Geneva Switzerland Sightsavers London England NTD NGO Network WASH Working Grp London England World Hlth Org Reg Off Western Pacific Div Programmes Dis Control Manila Philippines World Hlth Org Reg Off Western Pacific Hlth & Environm Programme Manila Philippines Fed Minist Hlth Dept Publ Hlth Abuja Nigeria Minist Hlth Div Vector Borne & Neglected Trop Dis Nairobi Kenya Minist Hlth Trachoma Control Programme Kampala Uganda Fed Minist Hlth Addis Ababa Ethiopia WaterAid & NTD NGO Network WASH Working Grp London England World Bank Water Global Practice Washington DC USA World Bank Hlth Nutr & Populat HNP Global Practic Washington DC USA World Hlth Org Dept Control Neglected Trop Dis Geneva Switzerland SCI Fdn London England

Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) are essential for the control and elimination of neglected tropical diseases (ntds). The forthcoming ntd road map 'Ending the neglect to attain the Sustainable Development Goals: a road map for neglected tropical diseases 2021-2030' encourages cross-sectoral collaboration and includes cross-cutting targets on WASH. This commentary reflects on collaborative efforts between the ntd and WASH sectors over the past years and encourages strengthened partnerships to support the new road map and achieve the 2030 agenda ambition of leaving no one behind.

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Antibody seropositivity and endemicity of chikungunya and Zika viruses in Nigeria

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Animal Diseases 2023年第2期3卷 104-114页

作者： Peter Asaga Mac Philomena E.Airiohuodion Raman Velayudhan Shaistha Zubair Markos Tadele Jude,O.Aighobahi Chukwuma Anyaike Axel Kroeger Marcus Panning Institute of Virology University Medical FreiburgHermann Herder Str1179104 FreiburgGermany World Health Organization Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases(TDR)Avenue Appia 201211 Geneva 27Switzerland World Health Organization WHO/NTD UnitAvenue Appia 201211 Geneva 27Switzerland Maldives National University BuruzuMaguMaleMaldives Ethiopian Institute Of Agricultural Research/EIAR Addis AbabaEthiopia Icon Clinical Research Heinrich‑Hertz Starsse 2663225 Langen HessenBerlinGermany Federal Ministry of Health National Tuberculosis and Leprosy ControlProgrammeAbujaNigeria Centre for Medicine and Society Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany

Mosquito-borne infections are of global health concern because of their rapid spread and upsurge,which creates a risk for *** virus(CHIKV),an arbovirus disease transmitted by Aedes aegypti or ***,and malaria,a parasitic disease transmitted by Anopheles gambiae,are prevalent in Nigeria and neighbouring countries,but their burden and possible coinfections are poorly *** this study,we investigated the antibody seropositivity and endemicity of chikungunya and Zika viruses(ZIKV)in three regions of Nigeria.A cross-sectional serosurvey was conducted on 871 *** were collected from outpatients by simple random *** of the samples were performed using recomLine Tropical Fever for the presence of antibody serological marker IgG immunoblot with CHIKV VLP(virus like particle),ZIKV NS1 and ZIKV Equad according to manufacturers’instructions and malaria RDT for malaria *** was a significantly higher antibody seropositivity against CHIKV in the central region than in the northern and southern regions(69.5%,291/419),while ZIKV-seropositivity(22.4%,34/152)and CHIKV-ZIKV co-circulating antibody seropositivity(17.8%,27/152)were notably higher in the southern region than in the central and northern *** investigation revealed an unexpectedly high antibody seropositivity and concealed endemicity of CHIKV and ZIKV in three Nigerian *** seropositivity of detectable antibodies differed among the three geographical locations.

关键词： Chikungunya Zika Cocirculation Seroprevalence Nigeria Endemicity Malaria

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Priority knowledge gaps for schistosomiasis research and development in the World Health Organization Africa Region

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INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF POVERTY 2025年第1期14卷 1-21页

作者： Mwinzi, Pauline N. Chimbari, Moses Sylla, Khadime Odiere, Maurice R. Midzi, Nicholas Ruberanziza, Eugene Mupoyi, Sylvian Mazigo, Humphrey D. Coulibaly, Jean T. Ekpo, Uwem Friday Sacko, Moussa Njenga, Sammy M. Tchuem-Tchuente, Louis-Albert Gouvras, Anouk N. Rollinson, David Garba, Amadou Juma, Elizabeth A. WHO Reg Off Africa Expanded Special Project Eliminat NTDs POB 06 Brazzaville Rep Congo Univ KwaZulu Natal Coll Hlth Sci Durban South Africa Univ Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal Kenya Med Res Inst KEMRI Ctr Global Hlth Res Kisumu Kenya KNUST African Res Network Neglected Trop Dis KCCR Kumasi Ghana Minist Hlth & Childcare Harare Zimbabwe END Fund New York NY USA Univ Kinshasa Dept Trop Med Kinshasa DEM REP CONGO Democrat Republ Congo Natl Publ Hlth Inst Kinshasa DEM REP CONGO Catholic Univ Hlth & Allied Sci Sch Med Dept Med Parasitol & Entomol Mwanza Tanzania Felix Houphouet Boigny Univ Abidjan Cote Ivoire Swiss Ctr Sci Res Cote dIvoire Abidjan Cote Ivoire Fed Univ Agr Dept Pure & Appl Zool Abeokuta Abeokuta Nigeria Akwa Ibom State Univ Dept Geol Ikot Akpaden Nigeria Natl Inst Publ Hlth Res Bamako Mali Kenya Med Res Inst KEMRI Eastern & Southern Afr Ctr Int Parasite Control ES Nairobi Kenya Ctr Schistosomiasis & Parasitol Yaounde Cameroon Univ Yaounde I Fac Sci Lab Parasitol & Ecol Yaounde Cameroon Minist Publ Hlth Natl Programme Control Schistosomiasis & Intestina Yaounde Cameroon Global Schistosomiasis Alliance London England WHO Global NTD Programme Geneva Switzerland

Schistosomiasis, also known as bilharzia, is a widespread neglected tropical disease (ntd) in Africa, with more significant research and development (R&D) challenges and gaps compared to other preventive chemotherapy ntds (PC-ntds) like onchocerciasis, lymphatic filariasis, and trachoma. In response to this challenge, some global initiatives have advocated for bridging this gap, focusing on coordinated engagement with research donors. In this opinion article we highlight key R&D priorities for combating schistosomiasis in the WHO Africa region. These include defining morbidity indicators, expanding prevention, and developing innovative diagnostics, treatments, and public health strategies like test-and-treat. We emphasize integrating efforts with broader health campaigns, assessing zoonotic transmission through One Health, and using environmental surveillance tools like xenomonitoring and eDNA. We stress the need to study climate and environmental impacts on transmission, zoonotic transmission, schistosome hybridization, and snail ecology, advancing snail control, and developing vaccines, while calling for new treatments beyond praziquantel, addressing drug resistance, and improving access for children and remote populations. Further, operational research should refine hotspot interventions, enhance water, sanitation and hygiene integration, and address socio-cultural barriers. Lastly, sustainable funding and global collaboration are vital to achieve 2030 ntd Roadmap goals.

关键词： Schistosomiasis Neglected tropical diseases Preventive chemotherapy One Health approach Morbidity indicators Diagnostic tools Mass Drug Administration Zoonotic transmission Water, sanitation and hygiene Intermediate snail hosts

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Correction: Antibody seropositivity and endemicity of chikungunya and Zika viruses in Nigeria

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Animal Diseases 2023年第1期3卷 1-1页

作者： Peter Asaga Mac Marcus Panning Philomena E. Airiohuodion Raman Velayudhan Shaistha Zubair Markos Tadele Jude O. Aighobahi Chukwuma Anyaike Axel Kroeger Institute of Virology University Medical Freiburg Hermann Herder Str 11 79104 Freiburg Germany World Health Organization Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) Avenue Appia 20 1211 27 Geneva Switzerland World Health Organization WHO/NTD Unit Avenue Appia 20 1211 27 Geneva Switzerland Maldives National University Buruzu Magu Male Maldives Ethiopian Institute Of Agricultural Research/EIAR Addis Ababa Ethiopia Icon Clinical Research Heinrich-Hertz Starsse 26 63225 Langen Hessen Berlin Germany Federal Ministry of Health National Tuberculosis and Leprosy ControlProgramme Abuja Nigeria Centre for Medicine and Society Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany

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