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Improving solubility of rice protein powder by modifying its physicochemical properties by ultrasound-assisted protein-glutaminase

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FOOD CHEMISTRY 2025年第Pt 1期464卷 141627页

作者： Zhang, Lu You, Yuye Zhang, Kai Li, Ganghua Zhang, Chong Nanjing Agr Univ Coll Food Sci & Technol Nanjing 210095 Peoples R China Nanjing Agr Univ Coll Agr Nanjing 210095 Peoples R China

The effect of ultrasound-assisted protein-glutaminase (PG) deamidation on the physicochemical properties of rice protein (RP) was investigated. After ultrasound pretreatment, the degree of deamidation of RP reached the highest of 60.4 % at deamidating for 16 h. With the deamidating time increasing, the particle size of RP became smaller and the absolute value of zeta-potential gradually increased. For functional properties of RP, ultrasoundassisted PG deamidation improved the foaming capacity, emulsifying capacity and oil-holding capacity of RP. Based on the ameliorative physicochemical properties of RP, the properties of rice protein powder (RPP) were further determined. The solubility of RPP was significantly improved, increased by 102.6 % at 90 degrees C compared with the non-treated. Meanwhile, the antioxidant activity and flavor of RPP under PG deamidation were remarkably improved. In vitro digestibility of RPP also increased significantly. These results illustrated that PG deamidation could be an efficient method for improving the properties of proteins.

关键词： Rice protein powder Protein-glutaminase Ultrasound Solubility Physicochemical properties

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Analysis of the spatial urbanization effect of digital finance in China

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KYBERNETES 2025年第2期54卷 1219-1236页

作者： Hao, Yunping Zhao, Wei Nanjing Agr Univ Coll Finance Nanjing Peoples R China Nanjing Agr Univ Coll Publ Adm Nanjing Peoples R China

PurposeThis study aims to empirically examine the impact of digital finance on spatial urbanization and elucidate its underlying ***/methodology/approachUsing panel data of Chinese prefecture-level cities from 2011 to 2021, and using a spatial dynamic panel model, the authors analyzed the effects of digital finance on spatial urbanization and the mechanism of its *** findings of the study reveal that digital finance, along with its sub-dimensions, namely coverage breadth, usage depth and digitization degree, all contribute to the enhancement of spatial urbanization. The information channel effect generated by the development of postal and telecommunication businesses, the goods delivery effect generated by the development of retail businesses and the wealth accumulation effect generated by the accumulation of household wealth are all important channels through which digital finance promotes spatial urbanization. Digital finance exerts a significant promotional effect on spatial urbanization in second-tier cities, third-tier cities and their subsequent tiers. This observation alludes to the regionally inclusive nature of spatial urbanization promotion facilitated by digital ***/valueThe present study endeavors to fill this void by employing empirical analysis to investigate the ramifications of digital finance on spatial urbanization, thereby shedding light on the pivotal role played by digital finance in expediting the progression of spatial urbanization. This study undertakes an examination of the spatial spillover effects, thus providing a comprehensive exposition of the influence of digital finance on spatial urbanization. This study introduces this crucial dimension, and the empirical findings elucidate that digital finance fosters the evolution of spatial urbanization by broadening the coverage of information channels, augmenting the efficiency of goods distribution and enhancing wealth accumulation efficacy.

关键词： Digital finance Spatial urbanization Social welfare Information asymmetry G10 G20 G23 G29 G32

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Detection and analysis of sow nursing behavior based on the number and location of piglets outside the suckling area using YOLOv5s

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COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN agrICULTURE 2025年 235卷

作者： Liu, Luo Chen, Jinxin Ding, Qi-an Zhao, Ruqian Shen, Mingxia Liu, Longshen Nanjing Agr Univ Coll Vet Med Nanjing 210095 Peoples R China Nanjing Agr Univ Coll Engn Nanjing 210031 Peoples R China Nanjing Agr Univ Coll Artificial Intelligence Nanjing 210031 Peoples R China

The nursing behavior of sows plays a crucial role in piglet growth, making precise monitoring and robust statistical analysis essential for a comprehensive evaluation of maternal characteristics. This study employed RGB cameras alongside an innovative Recognition Sow Nursing-You Only Look Once (RSN-YOLO) model to effectively monitor sow nursing behavior. The experimental comprised 24 sows of Yorkshire or Landrace breeds, each fostering no more than 13 piglets. The system automatically detected and recorded the start and end times of each nursing episode, enabling the collection and subsequent analysis of both individual sow characteristics and group behaviors. Results indicate that the YOLOv5s object detection model strikes an optimal balance between speed and accuracy, processing frames at 5.7 ms/frame, while achieving a precision rate of 96.3 %, a recall rate of 95.0 %, and a mean Average Precision (mAP@0.5) of 97.3 %. Comparisons between these automated detections and manual counts from continuous 24-hour video recordings across five pens confirmed that the method accurately captures both the number of nursing instances and the total duration of nursing with over 95 % accuracy when count errors do not exceed two occurrences. Even when count errors exceed two, accuracy remains above 92 %, with the average duration of each nursing session consistently measured with high precision. The study further revealed that sow nursing behavior does not exhibit a significant day-night rhythm, although notable individual variability within the group is evident. This variability is critical for early identification and intervention in cases where sows exhibit abnormal nursing behaviors relative to overall group patterns. Over a 21-day lactation period, both the total and daily average nursing durations decreased and subsequently stabilized as piglets aged, while the frequency of nursing remained relatively constant. A notable positive correlation (r = 0.67) was found between the

关键词： Lactating sows Computer vision Nursing behavior Group behavior Individual characterization

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Dynamics of antibiotic resistance genes and the bacterial community after stress from a single Dazomet fumigation☆

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ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION 2025年 372卷 126048页

作者： Wu, Haiyan Chen, Shanguo Deng, Yu Shen, Jiahui Xu, Yifei Wen, Tao Yuan, Jun Shen, Qirong Xue, Chao Nanjing Agr Univ Nanjing 210095 Peoples R China

Although chemical fumigants are widely applied in agriculture to control soil-borne diseases, their influence on soil antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) remains poorly understood. This study employed metagenomic sequencing to investigate the dynamic response and recovery processes of soil bacterial communities and ARGs after the end of fumigation with Dazomet. The results revealed that the effects of Dazomet were both phased and recoverable. Initially, no significant shifts in bacterial community diversity were observed;however, by day 10 of recovery (Dazomet10), diversity had decreased by 3.1 %. By contrast, ARG levels surged by 17.3 % and 10.9 % on days 10 and 20 (Dazomet20), respectively, before reverting to the baseline by day 50 (Dazomet50). These patterns were corroborated by qPCR data, which showed a 90.8 % reduction in 16S rRNA gene abundance, alongside a 4.17- to 4.38-fold increase in the relative abundance of ARGs at Dazomet10 and Dazomet20. Approximately 63 % of the variation in ARGs was attributed to bacterial community composition and mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Combined with community analysis and host-tracking analysis, it was found that Streptomyces and Nocardioides were identified as key ARGs hosts. Overall, the microbial communities and resistome required at least 50 days after the end of fumigation to recover to their pre-fumigation state. This study sheds light on the dynamic interactions between bacterial communities and ARGs during recovery from Dazomet fumigation and underscores the critical need for the rational use of fumigants in agricultural practices.

关键词： Antibiotic resistance genes Bacterial community Dazomet fumigation Mobile genetic elements agricultural soil

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Assessment of the effects of oligosaccharide supplementation on the structure of lactic-fermented soy protein gel and its allergenic epitopes

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FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS 2025年 167卷

作者： Guo, Xinran Lu, Xiaocui Yu, Di Fan, Xia Li, Wei Rui, Xin Nanjing Agr Univ Sanya Inst Nanjing Agr Univ Coll Food Sci & Technol Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu Peoples R China

The specific structural configurations and allergenic epitopes of soy protein are primary factors triggering soy allergies. Probiotic fermentation and oligosaccharide addition can alter the structure of soy protein, regulating its changes during gastrointestinal digestion and thus affecting the allergenicity of soy protein. This study prepared soy protein gels (FSPIs) through fermentation by lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The gels incorporated five types of oligosaccharides (fructooligosaccharide (FOS), xylooligosaccharide (XOS), stachyose (SOS), galactooligosaccharide (GOS), and isomaltooligosaccharides (IMO)). Moreover, this work investigated the effects of different oligosaccharides on soy protein gel structure and conducted in vitro dynamic gastroduodenal digestion and in vivo animal models to determine the changes in the allergenicity of the gel samples. Peptidomics were applied to determine the degradation of linear allergenic epitopes. Results showed that the type of oligosaccharides influenced the texture and microstructure of the FSPIs, affecting digestive behaviors. The samples added with FOS (F-FOS) and XOS (F-XOS) showed low-hardness, demonstrating weak structures, whereas the samples with SOS (F-SOS), GOS (F-GOS), and IMO (F-IMO) displayed high-hardness, strong sheet structures. Additionally, allergenicity and peptidomics results indicated that the F-FOS and F-SOS exhibited low antigenicity and IgEbinding capacities at both 120 min of in vitro digestion and in vivo mice studies, and particularly promoted extensive degradation of the sensitizing epitopes located on the external regions of the glycine G2/G5 subunits and the core barrel domain of the (3-conglycinin alpha and (3 subunits. This study suggests that using oligosaccharides with LAB to create soy protein gels is a promising strategy for developing hypoallergenic plant protein matrices.

关键词： Soy protein isolate Lactic acid bacteria fermentation Oligosaccharide Texture properties In vitro dynamic gastrointestinal digestion Antigenicity

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Exogenous Melatonin Enhances Pollen Fertility of Drought-Stressed Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) by Improving Antioxidant Metabolism

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JOURNAL OF agrONOMY AND CROP SCIENCE 2025年第1期211卷

作者： Yu, Huilian Zhao, Kaiyang Yan, Ke Wen, Yizheng Gao, Zicheng Xue, Shijie Zhao, Wenqing Wang, Shanshan Zhou, Zhiguo Hu, Wei Nanjing Agr Univ Coll Agr Nanjing Jiangsu Peoples R China

Exogenous melatonin (MT) can aid crops in mitigating drought stress, yet its impacts on cotton pollen fertility under drought remain understudied. To address this, a study on the effects of exogenous MT on cotton pollen sterility and internal physiological metabolism under drought stress was conducted. Results showed that although antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities increased in drought-stressed anthers, yet this was insufficient to balance reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, which led to higher hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2-) accumulation, resulting in oxidative stress, manifested by elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced pollen viability. Remarkably, the application of MT further bolstered the activities of CAT, POD and SOD in drought-stressed anthers, effectively mitigating the accumulation of O2- and H2O2. This enhancement facilitated the antioxidant defence system under drought conditions. Simultaneously, the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) was reduced, which prevented the reduction of dehydroascorbate (DHA) to ASA, and the ascorbic acid-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle was destroyed, leading to the accumulation of GSH. Nevertheless, MT application triggered upregulation of both GhDHAR and GhMDHAR expressions, promoting AsA synthesis and regeneration, respectively, thereby elevating AsA levels. Furthermore, MT revitalised APX activity, accelerating the removal of H2O2 through AsA-mediated reduction, ultimately restoring the balance of the AsA-GSH cycle and enhancing the overall antioxidant capacity of drought-stressed anthers. In summary, exogenous MT can enhance the scavenging ability of ROS in drought-affected anthers by elevating the activities of CAT, POD and SOD and by enhancing APX activity in the AsA-GSH cycle, thereby alleviating drought-induced oxidative stress and improving pollen fertility under water deficit stress.

关键词： antioxidant metabolism drought stress exogenous melatonin Gossypium hirsutum L. pollen viability

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Exploring the potential of chlorophyll a fluorescence for detecting phosphorus status in cotton leaves (Gossypium hirsutum L.) to optimize phosphorus management in cotton production

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INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS 2025年 225卷

作者： Huang, Xiaolin Wang, Jiawei Wang, Qin Hu, Wei Wang, Shanshan Zhou, Zhiguo Nanjing Agr Univ Coll Agr 1 Weigang Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu Peoples R China

Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) growth, and plays a crucial role in yield formation. In this context, P deficiency reduces yield due to the limited leaf photosynthesis caused by the disruption of photosynthetic apparatus, and thus can be detected early via photosynthesis-related chlorophyll a fluorescence before visible leaf changes. In addition, the leaf subtending to cotton boll (LSCB) is the primary source of photosynthates, contributing to the boll biomass accumulation. Therefore, it is necessary to develop methods for early assessment of P status in the LSCB, facilitating rapid intervention in cotton production. To satisfy above demand, this study conducted a field experiment to explore the impact of different P application levels [0 (Deficient P), 100 (Critical P), and 200 (Excess P) kg P2O5 ha-1] on cotton yield, boll weight accumulation and LSCB photosynthesis. Results showed that the increase of boll weight under P application is a significant factor contributing to yield improvement, and 15-25 days post anthesis is the key development period of cotton boll regulated by P. During this key period, P deficiency decreases the I and P steps of chlorophyll a fluorescence transients (indicating the damage to oxygen-evolving complex), and thus lead to the impaired photosystem II (PSII) and the reduction of electron transfer capacity. Then, the relationship between the leaf phosphorus concentration (LPC) and JIP-test parameters was fitted by Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) and showed good accuracy (R2=0.61 in calibration;RMSE=0.05 %, RRMSE=14.00 % in validation). Among the JIP-test parameters, the six ones (i.e. RC/CSm, FV/FO, ETO/CSm, FV/FM, DIO/RC and PIABS) show the highest correlation to LPC. This study demonstrated that the PLSR model generated using JIP-test parameters has the potential to detect P status in cotton during the key development period, and provided a new insight for optimizing P nutrient ma

关键词： Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Phosphorus Leaf subtending to cotton boll Chlorophyll a fluorescence

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Transcriptome sequencing reveals jasmonate playing a key role in ALA-induced osmotic stress tolerance in strawberry

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BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2025年第1期25卷 1-22页

作者： Zhong, Yan Wei, Xin Zhang, Jianting Wang, Liangju Nanjing Agr Univ Coll Hort Nanjing 211800 Peoples R China Nanjing Agr Univ Modern Agr Anal & Testing Ctr Nanjing 211800 Peoples R China

BackgroundStrawberry (Fragaria x annanasa Duch.) is an important economic fruit worldwide, whose growth and development are often hindered by water deficiency. 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a natural plant growth regulator, has been suggested to mitigate the osmotic damages by promoting root water absorption, osmotic adjustment, photosynthetic capacity, and antioxidant improvement. However, the regulatory mechanism remains *** the current study, the underlying mechanism by determination of various physiological indices, as well as transcriptome sequencing and the weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) of 10 mg L- 1 ALA treated strawberry leaves and roots stressed by 20% polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) treatment. The findings indicated that ALA enhanced osmotic stress tolerance reflected by enhancing relative water content (RWC), root development, gas exchange parameters and antioxidant enzyme activities, and decreasing the leaf H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Transcriptome analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) stimulated by exogenous ALA were mostly associated with the secondary biosynthesis and hormones signaling pathways, especially jasmonates (JAs). The JA derivative (+)-7-iso-jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile) was found to be elevated in the strawberry leaves and roots treated with ALA under PEG stress. Additionally, exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) alleviated osmotic stress damages similarly to ALA, while its synthesis inhibitor diethyldithiocarbamate (DIECA) led to adverse effects on strawberries, which can be relieved by further additional application of *** findings suggest that JAs can act as the necessary signaling molecules involved in ALA-improved osmotic stress tolerance networks. This provides a new insight for further study on how ALA can help plants cope with water stress.

关键词： 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) Jasmonates signals Osmotic stress RNA-sequencing Strawberry

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Optimization of Online Moisture Prediction Model for Paddy in Low-Temperature Circulating Heat Pump Drying System with Artificial Neural Network

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SENSORS 2025年第7期25卷 2308-2308页

作者： Zuo, Yi Jibril, Abdulaziz Nuhu Yan, Jianchun Xia, Yu Liu, Ruiqiang Chen, Kunjie Nanjing Agr Univ Coll Engn Nanjing 210031 Peoples R China

The accurate prediction of moisture content is crucial for controlling the drying process of agricultural products. While existing studies on drying models often rely on laboratory-scale experiments with limited data, real-time and high-frequency data collection under industrial conditions remains underexplored. This study collected and constructed a multi-dimensional dataset using an industrial-grade data acquisition system specifically designed for heat pump low-temperature circulating dryers. An artificial neural network (ANN) prediction model for moisture content during the rice drying process was developed. To prevent model overfitting, K-fold cross-validation was utilized. The model's performance was evaluated using the mean squared error (MSE) and the coefficient of determination (R2), which also helped determine the preliminary structure of the ANN model. Bayesian regularization (trainbr) was then employed to train the network. Furthermore, optimization was conducted using neural network weights (RI) analysis and Sobol variance contribution analysis of the input variables to simplify the model structure and improve predictive performance. The experimental results showed that optimizing the model through RI sensitivity analysis simplified its topology to a 5-14-1 structure. The optimized model exhibited not only simplicity but also high prediction accuracy, achieving R2 values of 0.969 and 0.966 for the training and testing sets, respectively, with MSEs of 5.6 x 10-3 and 6.3 x 10-3. Additionally, the residual errors followed a normal distribution, indicating that the predictions were reliable and realistic. Statistical tests such as t-tests, F-tests, and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests revealed no significant differences between the predicted and actual values of rice moisture content, confirming the high consistency between them.

关键词： heat pump dryer paddy drying artificial neural network model optimization

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Experimental Investigation of Laser Micro-Structure Ablation Under Oblique Incidence

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COATINGS 2025年第3期15卷 302-302页

作者： Tang, Yong Zhao, Yueqi Li, Zhengzhuo Ke, Ronghe Wang, Xingsheng Nanjing Agr Univ Coll Engn Nanjing 210031 Peoples R China

Laser processing is an effective and precise micro-structure fabrication technique. At present, micro-structure processing is primarily applied to planar surfaces. However, for curved surfaces, variations in the incident angle of the laser beam lead to distortions in micro-structural morphology. In this study, an experimental investigation was conducted to characterize micro-structural ablation under oblique laser incidence. Initially, a single-factor parametric study was performed on the surface of stainless steel. The results indicate that grooves measuring 45 mu m in width and 43 mu m in depth were achieved under the conditions of a single-pulse energy of 10 mu J, a laser frequency of 70 kHz, a scanning speed of 10 mm/s, and 20 processing cycles. Subsequently, the influence of the laser incidence angle on groove morphology was further examined. The results demonstrate that for incidence angles below 11 degrees, the groove removal rate approaches 1, and the root mean square of shape error (RMS) remains below 1.5 mu m. To reduce the deformation of the micro-structure at oblique incidence, a curve-guided surface projection (CGSP) method was developed, and the micro-dimples were fabricated at laser incidence angles of 10 degrees and 14 degrees. Compared with the conventional direct projection (DP) method, the CGSP approach significantly mitigates structural distortion resulting from oblique incidence. Finally, the CGSP method was applied to fabricate the micro-dimples at various locations on a spherical surface. The removal rates of 0.988 and 0.936 were closer to unity than those achieved via direct projection, while the RMS values were reduced by 56.4% and 76.2%, respectively. These findings offer a promising solution to the challenge of oblique laser incidence in curved micro-structuring and further broaden the application scope of laser processing technology.

关键词： micro-structure fabrication laser processing curve-guided projection oblique laser incidence

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