Changes in the Atmospheric Electric Field Signal(AEFS) are highly correlated with weather changes, especially with thunderstorm activities. However, little attention has been paid to the ambiguous weather information ...
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Changes in the Atmospheric Electric Field Signal(AEFS) are highly correlated with weather changes, especially with thunderstorm activities. However, little attention has been paid to the ambiguous weather information implicit in AEFS changes. In this paper, a Fuzzy C-Means(FCM) clustering method is used for the first time to develop an innovative approach to characterize the weather attributes carried by AEFS. First, a time series dataset is created in the time domain using AEFS attributes. The AEFS-based weather is evaluated according to the time-series Membership Degree(MD) changes obtained by inputting this dataset into the FCM. Second, thunderstorm intensities are reflected by the change in distance from a thunderstorm cloud point charge to an AEF apparatus. Thus, a matching relationship is established between the normalized distance and the thunderstorm dominant MD in the space domain. Finally, the rationality and reliability of the proposed method are verified by combining radar charts and expert experience. The results confirm that this method accurately characterizes the weather attributes and changes in the AEFS, and a negative distance-MD correlation is obtained for the first time. The detection of thunderstorm activity by AEF from the perspective of fuzzy set technology provides a meaningful guidance for interpretable thunderstorms.
This paper focuses on the privacy-preserving security control issue for cyber-physical systems (CPSs) via an encoding-decoding communication scheme (EDCS). To considerably contemplate the delayed data acquisition and ...
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This study introduces a data-driven approach for state and output feedback control addressing the constrained output regulation problem in unknown linear discrete-time systems. Our method ensures effective tracking pe...
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This study introduces a data-driven approach for state and output feedback control addressing the constrained output regulation problem in unknown linear discrete-time systems. Our method ensures effective tracking performance while satisfying the state and input constraints, even when system matrices are not available. We first establish a sufficient condition necessary for the existence of a solution pair to the regulator equation and propose a data-based approach to obtain the feedforward and feedback control gains for state feedback control using linear programming. Furthermore, we design a refined Luenberger observer to accurately estimate the system state, while keeping the estimation error within a predefined set. By combining output regulation theory, we develop an output feedback control strategy. The stability of the closed-loop system is rigorously proved to be asymptotically stable by further leveraging the concept of λ-contractive sets.
Semitransparent organic photovoltaics(ST-OPVs) for building integration represent a pivotal direction in the development of photovoltaic industry. Solution-processed silver nanowires(AgNWs) are considered promising ca...
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Semitransparent organic photovoltaics(ST-OPVs) for building integration represent a pivotal direction in the development of photovoltaic industry. Solution-processed silver nanowires(AgNWs) are considered promising candidates for transparent electrodes in semitransparent devices due to their high transparency-conductivity-efficiency merit, large-scale processability, and low cost. In this work, we develop two solution-processed organic–inorganic hybrid electrodes, named AgNWs-PD and AgNWsPC, utilizing AgNWs as the conductive framework and aliphatic amine-functionalized perylene-diimide(PDINN) as the sandwiched material, while AgNWs-PC exhibits significantly improved electrical conductivity and enhanced contact area with the underlying electron transport layer. The optimized device achieves a power conversion efficiency of 9.45% with an open circuit voltage of 0.846 V, a high filling factor of 75.4%, and an average visible transmittance(AVT) of 44.0%, delivering an outstanding light utilization efficiency(LUE) of 4.16%, which is the highest reported value for all solution-processed ST-OPVs. In addition, by coupling a 30-nm tellurium dioxide atop AgNWs-PC, the bifaciality factor of derivative devices improves from 73.7% to 99.4%, while maintaining a high bifacial LUE over 3.7%. Our results emphasize the superiority and effectiveness of PDINN-sandwiched AgNWs electrodes for highperformance and all solution-processed ST-OPVs.
Electronic auctions(e-auctions)remove the physical limitations of traditional auctions and bring this mechanism to the general ***,most e-auction schemes involve a trusted auctioneer,which is not always credible in **...
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Electronic auctions(e-auctions)remove the physical limitations of traditional auctions and bring this mechanism to the general ***,most e-auction schemes involve a trusted auctioneer,which is not always credible in *** studies have applied cryptography tools to solve this problem by distributing trust,but they ignore the existence of *** this paper,a blockchain-based Privacy-Preserving and Collusion-Resistant scheme(PPCR)for double auctions is proposed by employing both cryptography and blockchain technology,which is the first decentralized and collusion-resistant double auction scheme that guarantees bidder anonymity and bid privacy.A two-server-based auction framework is designed to support off-chain allocation with privacy preservation and on-chain dispute resolution for collusion resistance.A Dispute Resolution agreement(DR)is provided to the auctioneer to prove that they have conducted the auction correctly and the result is fair and *** addition,a Concise Dispute Resolution protocol(CDR)is designed to handle situations where the number of accused winners is small,significantly reducing the computation cost of dispute *** experimental results confirm that PPCR can indeed achieve efficient collusion resistance and verifiability of auction results with low on-chain and off-chain computational overhead.
Recommender systems are effective in mitigating information overload, yet the centralized storage of user data raises significant privacy concerns. Cross-user federated recommendation(CUFR) provides a promising distri...
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Recommender systems are effective in mitigating information overload, yet the centralized storage of user data raises significant privacy concerns. Cross-user federated recommendation(CUFR) provides a promising distributed paradigm to address these concerns by enabling privacy-preserving recommendations directly on user devices. In this survey, we review and categorize current progress in CUFR, focusing on four key aspects: privacy, security, accuracy, and efficiency. Firstly,we conduct an in-depth privacy analysis, discuss various cases of privacy leakage, and then review recent methods for privacy protection. Secondly, we analyze security concerns and review recent methods for untargeted and targeted *** untargeted attack methods, we categorize them into data poisoning attack methods and parameter poisoning attack methods. For targeted attack methods, we categorize them into user-based methods and item-based methods. Thirdly,we provide an overview of the federated variants of some representative methods, and then review the recent methods for improving accuracy from two categories: data heterogeneity and high-order information. Fourthly, we review recent methods for improving training efficiency from two categories: client sampling and model compression. Finally, we conclude this survey and explore some potential future research topics in CUFR.
Large language models (LLMs) have recently shown remarkable performance in a variety of natural language processing (NLP) *** further explore LLMs'reasoning abilities in solving complex problems,recent research [1...
Large language models (LLMs) have recently shown remarkable performance in a variety of natural language processing (NLP) *** further explore LLMs'reasoning abilities in solving complex problems,recent research [1-3]has investigated chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning in complex multimodal scenarios,such as science question answering (scienceQA) tasks [4],by fine-tuning multimodal models through human-annotated CoT ***,collected CoT rationales often miss the necessary rea-soning steps and specific expertise.
As the adoption of explainable AI(XAI) continues to expand, the urgency to address its privacy implications intensifies. Despite a growing corpus of research in AI privacy and explainability, there is little attention...
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As the adoption of explainable AI(XAI) continues to expand, the urgency to address its privacy implications intensifies. Despite a growing corpus of research in AI privacy and explainability, there is little attention on privacy-preserving model explanations. This article presents the first thorough survey about privacy attacks on model explanations and their countermeasures. Our contribution to this field comprises a thorough analysis of research papers with a connected taxonomy that facilitates the categorization of privacy attacks and countermeasures based on the targeted explanations. This work also includes an initial investigation into the causes of privacy leaks. Finally, we discuss unresolved issues and prospective research directions uncovered in our analysis. This survey aims to be a valuable resource for the research community and offers clear insights for those new to this domain. To support ongoing research, we have established an online resource repository, which will be continuously updated with new and relevant findings.
As the proportion of renewable energy generation in the grid increases, the number of voltage source converters (VSCs) has grown significantly. It is therefore of great importance to study the multi-VSC systems using ...
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While spin-orbit interaction has been extensively studied,few investigations have reported on the interaction between orbital angular momenta(OAMs).In this work,we study a new type of orbit-orbit coupling between the ...
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While spin-orbit interaction has been extensively studied,few investigations have reported on the interaction between orbital angular momenta(OAMs).In this work,we study a new type of orbit-orbit coupling between the longitudinal OAM and the transverse OAM carried by a three-dimensional(3D)spatiotemporal optical vortex(STOV)in the process of tight *** 3D STOV possesses orthogonal OAMs in the x-y,t-x,and y-t planes,and is preconditioned to overcome the spatiotemporal astigmatism effect.x,y,and t are the axes in the spatiotemporal *** corresponding focused wavepacket is calculated by employing the Debye diffraction theory,showing that a phase singularity ring is generated by the interactions among the transverse and longitudinal vortices in the highly confined *** Fourier-transform decomposition of the Debye integral is employed to analyze the mechanism of the orbit-orbit *** is the first revelation of coupling between the longitudinal OAM and the transverse OAM,paving the way for potential applications in optical trapping,laser machining,nonlinear light-matter interactions,and more.
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