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Negative Conductivity Induced Reconfigurable Gain Metasurfaces and Their Nonlinearity

Physical Review Letters 2024年第11期133卷 113801页

作者： Xiaoyue Zhu Chao Qian Erping Li Hongsheng Chen ZJU-UIUC Institute Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University

The past decades have witnessed the rapid development of metamaterials and metasurfaces. However, loss is still a challenging problem limiting numerous practical applications, including long-range wireless communications, superscattering, and non-Hermitian physics. Recently, great effort has been made to minimize the loss, however, they are too complicated for practical implementation and still restricted by the theoretical limit. Here, we propose and experimentally realize a tunable gain metasurface induced by negative conductivity, with deep theoretical analysis from scattering theory and equivalent circuits. In the experiment, we create metasurface samples embedded with tunable negative (or positive) conductivity to achieve adjustable gain (or loss). By varying the control bias voltages, the metasurfaces can reflect incident waves with additional controllable gain. Interestingly, we find the gain metasurfaces inherently pose nonlinearities, which are beneficial for nonlinear optics and microwave applications, particularly for the nonlinear activation of wave-based neural networks.

关键词： Electromagnetic waves & oscillations Gain properties of lasers Metamaterials Metasurfaces Nonlinear optics

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Autonomous aeroamphibious invisibility cloak with stochastic-evolution learning

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Advanced Photonics 2024年第1期6卷 64-72页

作者： Chao Qian Yuetian Jia Zhedong Wang Jieting Chen Pujing Lin Xiaoyue Zhu Erping Li Hongsheng Chen Zhejiang University ZJU-UIUC InstituteInterdisciplinary Center for Quantum InformationState Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and InstrumentationHangzhouChina Zhejiang University ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation CenterKey Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of ZhejiangHangzhouChina Zhejiang University Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang UniversityJinhuaChina

Being invisible ad libitum has long captivated the popular imagination,particularly in terms of safeguarding modern high-end instruments from potential *** ago,the advent of metamaterials and transformation optics sparked considerable interest in invisibility cloaks,which have been mainly demonstrated in ground and waveguide ***,an omnidirectional flying cloak has not been achieved,primarily due to the challenges associated with dynamic synthesis of metasurface *** demonstrate an autonomous aeroamphibious invisibility cloak that incorporates a suite of perception,decision,and execution modules,capable of maintaining invisibility amidst kaleidoscopic backgrounds and neutralizing external *** physical breakthrough lies in the spatiotemporal modulation imparted on tunable metasurfaces to sculpt the scattering field in both space and frequency *** intelligently control the spatiotemporal metasurfaces,we introduce a stochastic-evolution learning that automatically aligns with the optimal solution through maximum probabilistic *** a fully self-driving experiment,we implement this concept on an unmanned drone and showcase adaptive invisibility in three canonical landscapes-sea,land,and air-with a similarity rate of up to 95%.Our work extends the family of invisibility cloaks to flying modality and inspires other research on material discoveries and homeostatic meta-devices.

关键词： intelligent metasurfaces optical materials and structures deep learning

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Two-Dimensional Thermal Regulation Based on Non-Hermitian Skin Effect

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Chinese Physics Letters 2023年第10期40卷 83-88页

作者：黄强开来刘云开曹培超祝雪丰李鹰 Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and InstrumentationZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation CenterCollege of Information Science&Electronic EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China International Joint Innovation Center The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang UniversityZhejiang UniversityHaining 314400China Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices&Smart Systems of Zhejiang Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang UniversityZhejiang UniversityJinhua 321099China Shaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University Zhejiang UniversityShaoxing 312000China School of Physics and Innovation Institute Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

The non-Hermitian skin effect has been applied in multiple ***,there are relatively few models in the field of thermal diffusion that utilize the non-Hermitian skin effect for achieving thermal ***,we propose two non-Hermitian Su-Schrieffer-Heeger(SSH)models for thermal regulation:one capable of achieving edge states,and the other capable of achieving corner states within the thermal *** analyzing the energy band structures and the generalized Brillouin zone,we predict the appearance of the non-Hermitian skin effect in these two ***,we analyze the time-dependent evolution results and assess the robustness of the *** results indicate that the localized thermal effects of the models align with our *** a word,this work presents two models based on the non-Hermitian skin effect for regulating the thermal field,injecting vitality into the design of non-Hermitian thermal diffusion systems.

关键词： Hermitian Skin utilize

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Detection of Femtomolar Amyloid-β Peptides for Early-Stage Identification of Alzheimer’s Amyloid-β Aggregation with Functionalized Gold nanoparticles

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ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces 2024年第3期16卷 3819-3828页

作者： Chang, Yu-Jen Chien, Yi-Hsin Chang, Chieh-Chun Wang, Pei-Ning Chen, Yun-Ru Chang, Yun-Chorng Genomics Research Center Academia Sinica Taipei115 Taiwan Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica Taipei115 Taiwan Research Center for Applied Sciences Academia Sinica Taipei115 Taiwan Department of Physics National Taiwan University Taipei106 Taiwan Nano Science and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica and National Taiwan University Taipei115 Taiwan Brain Research Center National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei112 Taiwan Division of General Neurology Department of Neurological Institute Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei112 Taiwan

Progressive amyloid-β (Aβ) fibrillar aggregates have long been considered as the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Biocompatible and stable cysteine-Aβ peptide-conjugated gold nanoparticles (Cys-Aβ@AuNP) are demonstrated as suitable materials for detecting subfemtomolar Aβ peptides in human plasma. Incubation with Aβ peptides causes the Cys-Aβ@AuNP to aggregate and changes its absorption spectra. The spectral change is especially apparent and noticeable when detecting subfemtomolar Aβ peptides, and the aggregates contain only two or three AuNPs. Cys-Aβ@AuNP can also be used to identify early-stage Aβ oligomerization, which is not possible using the conventional method, in which the fluorescence of thioflavin-T is measured. The ability to detect Aβ oligomerization can facilitate therapeutics for AD. In addition, the binding of Aβ peptides by Cys-Aβ@AuNP in combination with centrifugation redirects the conventional Aβ aggregation pathway and can effectively inhibit the formation of toxic Aβ oligomers or fibrils. Therefore, the proposed Cys-Aβ@AuNP can also be used to develop effective therapeutic agents to inhibit Aβ aggregation. The results obtained in this study are expected to open revolutionary ways to both detect and inhibit Aβ aggregation at an early stage. © 2024 American Chemical Society

关键词： Oligomers

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Implementation and Evaluation of 0.6 µm CMOS Complex RCPF for Accurate Frequency Response Measurement

IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems

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IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and systems 2025年第1期145卷 25-37页

作者： Sato, Lina Fukagawa, Kanta Shouno, Kazuhiro Tanimoto, Hiroshi Muto, Cosy Moriyama, Seijiro Takahashi, Chikau Yoshino, Michitaka Graduate School of Science and Technology Degree Programs in Systems and Information Engineering Master’s Program in Computer Science University of Tsukuba Japan Division of Information Engineering University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennoudai Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8573 Japan Kitami Institute of Technology 165 Koen-cho Hokkaido Kitami090-8507 Japan Faculty of Education Nagasaki University 1-14 Bunkyo-machi Nagasaki852-8521 Japan Anagix Corporation 3-22-27 Numama Kanagawa Zushi249-0004 Japan Takamori Corporation Japan Research Center for Micro-Nano Technology Hosei University 3-11-15 Midori-cho Koganei Tokyo184-0003 Japan

This paper describes the implementation and evaluation of an RC polyphase filter (RCPF) and circuitry for measuring its frequency characteristics. The integrated circuit is fabricated on a 0.6 µm CMOS process and its supply voltage is 5 V. The integrated circuit includes a filter under test (FUT), a four-phase square wave generator, several analog switches and differential amplifiers to amplify the high-impedance signals of the RCPF. This FUT is a third-order complex RCPF whose passband is 8 − 40 MHz. This paper describes the design of these circuits in detail. This integrated circuit can select two measurement methods by means of external control signals. The first method uses a four-phase square wave. The frequency characteristics are measured by using an on-chip four-phase square wave generator driven by an external clock generator and by a spectrum analyzer tuned to the fundamental frequency. The second method uses an external network analyzer. Furthermore, this integrated circuit is equipped with a calibration circuit to measure the frequency characteristics of the circuitry except FUT by passing through the input / output signals of the FUT. As a result, the frequency characteristics of the FUT itself can be accurately measured. The effectiveness is confirmed through evaluation of the fabricated integrated circuit. © 2025 The institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.

关键词： Differential amplifiers

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Phase-Locking Diffusive Skin Effect

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Chinese Physics Letters 2022年第5期39卷 94-99页

作者： Pei-Chao Cao Yu-Gui Peng Ying Li Xue-Feng Zhu School of Physics and Innovation Institute Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical InstrumentationZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientifc and Technological Innovation CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China International Joint Innovation Center Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices&Smart Systems of ZhejiangThe Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang UniversityZhejiang UniversityHaining 314400China Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University Zhejiang UniversityJinhua 321099China

We explore the exceptional point(EP)induced phase transition and amplitude/phase modulation in thermal diffusion *** start from the asymmetric coupling double-channel model,where the temperature field is unbalanced in the amplitude and locked in the symmetric *** extending into the one-dimensional tight-binding non-Hermitian lattice,we study the convection-driven phase locking and the asymmetric-couplinginduced diffusive skin effect with the high-order EPs in static *** convection and asymmetric couplings,we further show the phase-locking diffusive skin *** work reveals the mechanism of controlling both the amplitude and phase of temperature fields in thermal coupling systems and has potential applications in non-Hermitian topology in thermal diffusion.

关键词： effect coupling asymmetric

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Advection and Thermal Diode

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Chinese Physics Letters 2021年第3期38卷 22-28页

作者： Ying Li Jiaxin Li Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical InstrumentationCollege of Information Science and Electronic EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center Key Lab of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices&Smart Systems of ZhejiangZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China International Joint Innovation Center Zhejiang UniversityHaining 314400China School of Mechatronics Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China

We prove that under the condition of closed boundary to mass flux, pure advection is not a valid mechanism to make a practical thermal diode. Among the various designs of thermal diodes, many of them involve circulating fluid flow, such as in thermosyphons. However, those designs often employ natural convection, which is basically a nonlinear process. It thus remains unclear how the pure advection of temperature field induced by a decoupled velocity field influences the symmetry of heat transfer. Here we study three typical models with pure advection:one with open boundary, one with closed boundary at unsteady state, and one with closed boundary at steady state. It is shown that only the last model is practical, while it cannot become a thermal diode. Finally, a general proof is given for our claim by analyzing the diffusive reciprocity.

关键词： process. state. boundary

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Topological transitions and topological beam splitters in gyromagnetic metamaterials

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Physical Review B 2024年第8期109卷 085429-085429页

作者： Mingzhu Li Ning Han Lu Qi Yu Yan Rui Zhao Shutian Liu School of Information and Electrical Engineering Hangzhou City University Hangzhou 310015 China Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang ZJU-UIUC Institute Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China School of Physical Science and Technology Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 China School of Physics Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China

Topological transitions unveil a fundamentally novel pathway of research, revealing captivating optical phenomena in electromagnetic metamaterials. In this work, we give comprehensive pictures of topological phase diagrams and topological transitions in the gyromagnetic metamaterials (GMs). We comprehensively demonstrate the topology of all types of equifrequency surfaces of the GMs. The Weyl points and the nodal line can coexist in the GMs, and they are the critical points in the topological transitions. The localized Fermi arc surface states exist at the boundary between the vacuum state and GMs owing to the bulk-edge correspondence of the material system. Full-wave simulations reveal that topological surface waves can smoothly transmit forward around the square defect without reflection or scattering. Remarkably, different types of topological beam splitters are demonstrated utilizing the topological surface waves in the GMs. We theoretically demonstrate that the physical mechanism of achieving the topological beam splitters is caused by different group velocity directions of the Fermi arcs surface states of the material system. Moreover, the topological wave division and controllable propagation of the Fermi arc surface states can be achieved by adopting the different boundary configurations and gyromagnetic parameters in the topological beam splitters. Our work could broaden insights into topological wave physics and provide more flexibility for photonic devices in the electromagnetic media.

关键词： Metamaterials Non-reciprocal propagation Surface states Topological effects in photonic systems Topological phase transition Weyl semimetal

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Breakdown of effective-medium theory by a photonic spin Hall effect

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science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2023年第11期66卷 145-154页

作者： Shuaijie Yuan Xinxing Zhou Yu Chen Yuhan Zhong Lijuan Sheng Hao Hu Hongsheng Chen Ido Kaminer Xiao Lin Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and ApplicationsSchool of Physics and ElectronicsHunan Normal UniversityChangsha410081China International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Material Information Function Devices and Systems of Guangdong ProvinceInstitute of Microscale OptoelectronicsShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and InstrumentationZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China International Joint Innovation Center Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang UniversityZhejiang UniversityHaining314400China School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore Key Laboratory of Radar Imaging and Microwave Photonics Ministry of EducationCollege of Electronic and Information EngineeringNanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing211106China Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices&Smart Systems of Zhejiang Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang UniversityZhejiang UniversityJinhua321099China Shaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University Zhejiang UniversityShaoxing312000China Department of Electrical Engineering Technion-Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa32000Israel

Effective-medium theory pertains to the theoretical modelling of homogenization,which aims to replace an inhomogeneous structure of subwavelength-scale constituents with a homogeneous effective *** effective-medium theory is fundamental to various realms,including electromagnetics and material science,since it can largely decrease the complexity in the exploration of light-matter interactions by providing simple acceptable ***,the effective-medium theory is thought to be applicable to any all-dielectric system with deep-subwavelength constituents,under the condition that the effective medium does not have a critical angle,at which the total internal reflection *** we reveal a fundamental breakdown of the effective-medium theory that can be applied in very general conditions:showing it for deep-subwavelength all-dielectric multilayers even without a critical *** finding relies on an exotic photonic spin Hall effect,which is shown to be ultrasensitive to the stacking order of deep-subwavelength dielectric layers,since the spin-orbit interaction of light is dependent on slight phase accumulations during the wave *** results indicate that the photonic spin Hall effect could provide a promising and powerful tool for measuring structural defects for all-dielectric systems even in the extreme nanometer scale.

关键词： photonic spin Hall effect effective-medium theory spin-orbit interaction of light

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Microcomb-driven photonic chip for solving partial differential equations

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Advanced Photonics 2025年第1期7卷 62-73页

作者： Hongyi Yuan Zhuochen Du Huixin Qi Guoxiang Si Cuicui Lu Yan Yang Ze Wang Bo Ni Yufei Wang Qi-Fan Yang Xiaoyong Hu Qihuang Gong Beijing Institute of Technology School of PhysicsCenter for Interdisciplinary Science of Optical Quantum and NEMS IntegrationBeijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic SystemsKey Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurements of Ministry of EducationBeijingChina Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences Peking UniversityNano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of EducationCollaborative Innovation Center of Quantum MatterState Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics&Department of PhysicsBeijingChina Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of MicroelectronicsBeijingChina Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics NantongChina Shanxi University Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme OpticsTaiyuanChina Hefei National Laboratory HefeiChina

With the development of the big data era,the need for computation power is dramatically growing,especially for solving partial differential equations(PDEs),because PDEs are often used to describe complex systems and phenomena in both science and ***,it is still a great challenge for on-chip photonic solving of time-evolving PDEs because of the difficulties in big coefficient matrix photonic computing,high accuracy,and error *** overcome these challenges by realizing a microcomb-driven photonic chip and introducing time-division multiplexing and matrix partition techniques into PDE photonic solving,which can solve PDEs with a large coefficient matrix on a photonic chip with a limited *** PDEs,including the heat equation with the first order of time derivative,the wave equation with the second order of time derivative,and the nonlinear Burgers equation,are solved with an accuracy of up to 97%.Furthermore,the parallel solving of the Poisson equation and Laplace's equation is demonstrated experimentally on a single chip,with an accuracy of 95.9%and 95.8%,*** offer a powerful photonic platform for solving PDEs,which takes a step forward in the application of photonic chips in mathematical problems and will promote the development of on-chip photonic computing.

关键词： photonic computing silicon photonics partial differential equations

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