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Lessons learned from respondent-driven sampling recruitment in Nairobi: Experiences from the field

BMC Research Notes 2016年第1期9卷 1-13页

作者： Okal, Jerry Raymond, Henry F. Tun, Waimar Musyoki, Helgar Dadabhai, Sufia Broz, Dita Nyamu, Joan Kuria, David Muraguri, Nicholas Geibel, Scott Population Council Nairobi Kenya San Francisco Department of Public Health San Francisco CA United States Population Council Washington DC United States National AIDS and STD Control Programme Nairobi Kenya University of California San Francisco Nairobi United States Division of Global HIV/AIDS Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA United States Jhpiego-Kenya Nairobi Kenya Palladium Group Nairobi Kenya Ministry of Health Nairobi Kenya

Background: Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) is used in a variety of settings to study hard-to-reach populations at risk for HIV and sexually transmitted infections. However, practices leading to successful recruitment among diverse populations in low-resource settings are seldom reported. We implemented the first, integrated, bio-behavioural surveillance survey among men who have sex with men, female sex workers and people who injected drugs in Nairobi, Kenya. Methods: The survey period was June 2010 to March 2011, with a target sample size of 600 participants per key populations. Formative research was initially conducted to assess feasibility of the survey. Weekly monitoring reports of respondent characteristics and recruitment chain graphs from NetDraw illustrated patterns and helped to fill recruitment gaps. Results: RDS worked well with men who have sex with men and female sex workers with recruitment initiating at a desirable pace that was maintained throughout the survey. Networks of people who injected drugs were well-integrated, but recruitment was slower than the men who have sex with men and female sex workers surveys. Conclusion: By closely monitoring RDS implementation and conducting formative research, RDS studies can effectively develop and adapt strategies to improve recruitment and improve adherence to the underlying RDS theory and assumptions. © 2016 Okal et al.

关键词： Female sex workers (FSW) Field experiences Men who have sex with men (MSM) People who injected drugs (PWID) Respondent-driven sampling (RDS)

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Global, regional, and national sex-specific burden and control of the HIV epidemic, 1990–2019, for 204 countries and territories: the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019

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The Lancet HIV 2021年第10期8卷 e633-e651页

作者： Jahagirdar, Deepa Walters, Magdalene K. Novotney, Amanda Brewer, Edmond D. Frank, Tahvi D. Carter, Austin Biehl, Molly H. Abbastabar, Hedayat Abhilash, E.S. Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal Adekanmbi, Victor Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Afzal, Saira Aghababaei, Soodabeh Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmadpour, Ehsan Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Rashid, Tarik Ahmed Salih, Yusra Ahmed Aklilu, Addis Akram, Tayyaba Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet Al Hamad, Hanadi Alahdab, Fares Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Aleksandrova, Ekaterina A. Alene, Kefyalew Addis Ali, Liaqat Alipour, Vahid Almustanyir, Sami Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amu, Hubert Andrei, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Anvari, Davood Arabloo, Jalal Aremu, Olatunde Arulappan, Judie Atnafu, Desta Debalkie Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Ayza, Muluken Altaye Azari, Samad Darshan, B.B. Banach, Maciej Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Barra, Fabio Barrow, Amadou Basu, Sanjay Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad Belay, Habtamu Gebrehana Berheto, Tezera Moshago Bezabhe, Woldesellassie Mequanint Bezabih, Yihienew Mequanint Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bibi, Sadia Bijani, Ali Bisignano, Catherine Bolarinwa, Obasanjo Afolabi Boloor, Archith Boltaev, Azizbek A. Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich Buonsenso, Danilo Burkart, Katrin Butt, Zahid A. Cao, Chao Charan, Jaykaran Chatterjee, Souranshu Chattu, Soosanna Kumary Chattu, Vijay Kumar Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan Chu, Dinh-Toi Couto, Rosa A.S. Cowden, Richard G. Dachew, Berihun Assefa Dadras, Omid Dagnew, Amare Belachew Dahlawi, Saad M.A. Dai, Xiaochen Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi das Neves, José Degenhardt, Louisa Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen Desta, Abebaw Alemayehu Deuba, Keshab Dhamnetiya, Deepak Dhungana, Govinda Prasad Dianatinasab, Mostafa Diaz, Daniel Djalalinia, Shirin Doan, Linh Phuong Dorostkar, Fariba Edinur, Hisham Atan Effiong, Andem Eftekharzadeh, Sahar El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa Elayedath, Rajesh Elhadi, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Global Health University of Washington Seattle WA United States School of Social Work University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeones Columbia University Medical Center New York NY United States Division of Data Analytics and Delivery for Impact WHO Geneva Switzerland Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Multiple Sclerosis Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Paediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Psychiatry Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Metabolomics and Genomics Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Centre for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Non-Communicable Diseases Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Botany Sree Narayana Guru College Chelannur Kozhikode India Clinical Sciences Department University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Mass Communication Department University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Health-Care Policy and Research Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar Doha Qatar Department of Population Medicine Ca

Background: The sustainable development goals (SDGs) aim to end HIV/aids as a public health threat by 2030. Understanding the current state of the HIV epidemic and its change over time is essential to this effort. This study assesses the current sex-specific HIV burden in 204 countries and territories and measures progress in the control of the epidemic. Methods: To estimate age-specific and sex-specific trends in 48 of 204 countries, we extended the Estimation and Projection Package Age-Sex Model to also implement the spectrum paediatric model. We used this model in cases where age and sex specific HIV-seroprevalence surveys and antenatal care-clinic sentinel surveillance data were available. For the remaining 156 of 204 locations, we developed a cohort-incidence bias adjustment to derive incidence as a function of cause-of-death data from vital registration systems. The incidence was input to a custom Spectrum model. To assess progress, we measured the percentage change in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 (threshold >75% decline), the ratio of incident cases to number of people living with HIV (incidence-to-prevalence ratio threshold <0·03), and the ratio of incident cases to deaths (incidence-to-mortality ratio threshold <1·0). Findings: In 2019, there were 36·8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 35·1–38·9) people living with HIV worldwide. There were 0·84 males (95% UI 0·78–0·91) per female living with HIV in 2019, 0·99 male infections (0·91–1·10) for every female infection, and 1·02 male deaths (0·95–1·10) per female death. Global progress in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 was driven by sub-Saharan Africa (with a 28·52% decrease in incident cases, 95% UI 19·58–35·43, and a 39·66% decrease in deaths, 36·49–42·36). Elsewhere, the incidence remained stable or increased, whereas deaths generally decreased. In 2019, the global incidence-to-prevalence ratio was 0·05 (95% UI 0·05–0·06) and the global incidence-to-mortality ratio was

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Estimating disease burden of maternal syphilis and associated adverse pregnancy outcomes in India, Nigeria, and Zambia in 2012

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International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2015年第S1期130卷 S4-S9页

作者： Chen, Xiang-Sheng Khaparde, Sunil Prasad, Turlapati L.N. Srinivas, Vani Anyaike, Chukwuma Ijaodola, Gbenga Ngige, Evelyn Tembo Mumba, Grace Phiri, Carolline Tambatamba, Bushimbwa Chavan, Laxmikant Seguy, Nicole Oyelade, Taiwo A. Bvulani, Malumo Sarai Newman, Lori M. National Center for STD Control Institute of Dermatology Peking Union Medical College 12 Jiangwangmiao Street Nanjing 210042 China National AIDS Control Organization Ministry of Health and Family Welfare New Delhi India Jhpiego India Country Office New Delhi India National AIDS/STI Control Programme Federal Ministry of Health Abuja Nigeria Ministry of Community Development Mother and Child Health Lusaka Zambia World Health Organization New Delhi India World Health Organization Abuja Nigeria World Health Organization Lusaka Zambia World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland

Abstract Objective To estimate maternal syphilis and its associated adverse pregnancy outcomes in India, Nigeria, and Zambia. Methods An online estimation tool was used to generate point estimates and uncertainty ranges of maternal syphilis and adverse pregnancy outcomes due to mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). The most recent data (2010-2012) on antenatal care coverage, syphilis seroprevalence, and syphilis screening and treatment coverage at the subnational level in India, Nigeria, and Zambia were used to estimate disease burden for 2012. Sensitivity analysis was conducted for three screening and treatment scenarios (current coverages, current coverages minus 20%, and ideal coverages consistent with WHO targets for eliminating MTCT of syphilis). Results A total of 103 960, 74 798, and 9072 pregnant women with probable active syphilis were estimated to occur in India, Nigeria, and Zambia, resulting in 53 187, 37 045, and 2973 adverse outcomes, respectively;approximately 1.6%, 4.8%, and 37.0% of these were averted under the current service coverages in India, Nigeria, and Zambia. The disease burden varied significantly in its subnational distribution within India and Nigeria, but was distributed evenly across Zambia. Conclusions The obtained results suggest an ongoing, unaverted high burden of maternal syphilis and associated adverse outcomes in India, Nigeria, and Zambia. Screening and treatment for syphilis must be scaled-up significantly in these countries to achieve elimination of MTCT of syphilis. © 2015 World Health Organization.

关键词： Adverse outcomes Estimation Pregnant women Syphilis

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Social marketing of pre-packaged treatment for men with urethral discharge (Clear Seven) in Uganda

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INTERnational JOURNAL OF std & aids 2003年第3期14卷 218-223页

作者： Jacobs, B Kambugu, FSK Whitworth, JAG Ochwo, M Pool, R Lwanga, A Tifft, S Lule, J Cutler, JR Medical Research Council Programme on AIDS Uganda Virus Research Institute Entebbe Uganda STD/AIDS Control Programme Ministry of Health and Mulago Hospital Kampala Uganda Commercial Market Strategies Project Kampala Uganda The Futures Group International Kampala Uganda National Drug Authority and Clinical Epidemiology Unit Makerere University Medical School Kampala Uganda USAID Uganda PO Box 7856 Kampala Uganda

We implemented social marketing of pre-packaged treatment for men with urethral discharge (Clear Seven) in Uganda, and studied its feasibility, acceptability and effectiveness as a possible means to treat stds and thereby prevent HIV. Clear Seven was distributed at private health care outlets in three rural districts and two divisions of the capital. Comparisons were made with a pre-intervention period in the same sites plus one additional rural district. There were almost universally positive attitudes to Clear Seven. Cure rate (84% versus 47%), treatment compliance (93% versus 87%), and condom use during treatment (36% versus 18%) were significantly higher among Clear Seven users (n=422) than controls (n=405). Partner referral was similar but fewer Clear Seven partners were symptomatic when seeking treatment. Distribution of socially marketed pre-packaged treatment for male urethritis should be expanded in sub-Saharan Africa. Consideration should be given to developing similar kits for women.

关键词： Africa std HIV health care delivery prevention of sexual transmission

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HIV/aids in Sri Lanka: The Problem and the Response

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Journal of Health Management 2000年第2期2.0卷 175-183页

作者： Abeyewickreme, Iyanthi National STD/AIDS Control Programme Colombo P.O. Box 567 Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka is considered a low-prevalence country with an estimated adult HIV prevalence of 0.07 per cent. The predominant mode of HIV transmission is through unsafe heterosexual sex. Vulnerable groups include young people, internally displaced persons and migrants from rural to urban centres. Urbanisation and temporary migration out of the country constitute other factors of HIV transmission. The national response to HIV has included targeting education programmes to young people and vulnerable groups, early treatment of sexually-transmitted diseases, blood safety and improving the provision of care. Multisectoral collaboration, ensuring access to condoms and voluntary counselling and testing besides IEC activities integrated with health services remain important priorities for the future. © 2000, Sage Publications. All rights reserved.

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MANAGEMENT OF stdS AND COST OF TREATMENT IN PRIMARY HEALTH-CARE CENTERS IN PIKINE, SENEGAL

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INTERnational JOURNAL OF std & aids 1994年第4期5卷 262-267页

作者： VANDERVEEN, FH NDOYE, I GUINDO, S DESCHAMPHELEIRE, I FRANSEN, L EEC AIDS Task Force Brussels National AIDS/STD control programme Senegal District Health Team Pikine Senegal

We studied the current management of std-related syndromes by urban health facilities in Pikine (Senegal) in 252 consecutive patients presenting with std-related complaints, to assess the cost and effectiveness of services and to estimate the potential benefit by introducing management protocols. Most common presenting complaints for women were vaginal discharge and low abdominal pain, reported for 122 (82.9%) and 22 (15.0%) of 147 female patients. Urethral discharge and genital ulceration were reported for 80 (76.2%) and for 17 (16.2%) of 105 male patients. The average cost was 4.01 ECU (1 European Currency Unit = 1.2 US$ = 334 Franc CFA) for male patients (ranging from 0.57 to 25.70 ECU) and 12.75 ECU for female patients (ranging from 0.57 to 37.60 ECU). Only 20 of 80 patients with urethral discharge (25%) received effective treatment. Effectiveness was not related to cost of therapy or qualification of staff. Utilization of management protocols improves the quality and accessibility of care for std, by potentially doubling effectiveness and reducing the costs for patients to 12% of the current level.

关键词： std MANAGEMENT COST-EFFECTIVENESS PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SENEGAL

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