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Image segmentation based on local Chan-Vese model optimized by max-flow algorithm

Image segmentation based on local Chan-Vese model optimized ...

ACIS International Conference on Software engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking, and Parallel/distributed Computing (SNPd)

作者： Zhongguo Li Lei Zeng Ti Wang Jian Chen Yan Bin National Digital Switching System Engineering & Technological R&D Center Zhengzhou China

Image segmentation can be used in non-destructive testing, tracking and recognition. Level set method for image segmentation has poor performance on efficiency. In this paper, we propose to use max-flow algorithm to optimize a locally improved Chan-Vese model for image segmentation in the presence of intensity inhomogeneity. The energy function of local Chan-Vese model is introduced firstly. This model consists of global term, local term and penalty term and the local term contributes the segmentation for images with intensity inhomogeneity. Then, we convert this energy function to the frame of Graph Cut whose energy function can be efficiently minimized by max-flow algorithm. As a result, the process of optimization of local Chan-Vese model can be accelerated by using max-flow algorithm. The experiments demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve satisfactory segmentation for images with intensity inhomogeneity as well as very high efficiency.

关键词： Mathematical model Image segmentation Algorithm design and analysis Nonhomogeneous media Image edge detection Computational modeling Level set

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Single-trial ErP detecting for emotion recognition

Single-trial ERP detecting for emotion recognition

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ACIS International Conference on Software engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking, and Parallel/distributed Computing (SNPd)

作者： Jingfang Jiang Ying Zeng Li Tong Chi Zhang Bin Yan National Digital Switching System Engineering & Technological R&D Center Zhengzhou China

Emotion recognition, as an important part of human-computer interaction, has been extensively researched. Various studies have already verified the relationship between emotion and the event-related potentials (ErPs). In this paper, a new methodology for emotion recognition is investigated by detecting single-trial ErPs related to some specific level of emotions. First, a spatial filter is constructed to estimate the ErP components. Then the most discriminative spatial and temporal features of the entire ErP waveform are extracted with linear discriminant analysis. The performance of this method is tested by classifying the emotional valence on three levels, the extremely negative, the moderately negative and the neutral, with the support vector machine (SVM). The result shows that the proposed method is effective.

关键词： Emotion recognition Spatial filters Electroencephalography Classification algorithms Support vector machines Covariance matrices Training

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Closed-form energy efficient joint power allocation for dual-hop massive MIMO relaying systems

Closed-form energy efficient joint power allocation for dual...

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IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication systems (ISPACS)

作者： Yi Wang Yuhan Wang Songwei Zhang Pengge Ma Shaochuan Yang Baofeng Ji Kang Song Chunguo Li School of Electronics and Communication Engineering Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics Zhengzhou China China National Digital Switching System Engineering & Technological R&D Center Zhengzhou China International Education College Henan University Kaifeng China Electronic & Information Engineering College Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang China School of Electronic and Information Engineering Qingdao University Qingdao China School of Information Science and Engineering Southeast University Nanjing China

This paper investigates the joint power allocation problem for a three-node massive MIMO relaying system with maximum ratio combining/maximum ratio transmission (MrC/MrT) precoding strategy. Our goal is to pursuit the energy efficiency (EE) maximization while taking a quality-of-service (QoS) requirement into account by optimizing the source-relay transmit power simultaneously. To handle the EE based problem, we first derive a closed-form expression of the involved spectral efficiency (SE) by leveraging the tools of determinate equivalent approximation technique. Then, the optimal power solutions at the source and the relay are deduced in analytical forms by exploring the Lagrangian dual technology and the Lambert W function. What's more, one can find that the optimal power values at the relay and the source satisfy a specific ratio, which is determined by the system parameters and the large-scale fading factors of the two-hop channels. Numerical results illustrate the performance advantages of our developed power allocation method.

关键词： Signal processing Communication systems

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Global investments in pandemic preparedness and COVId-19: development assistance and domestic spending on health between 1990 and 2026

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The Lancet Global Health 2023年第3期11卷 e385-e413页

作者： Micah, Angela E. Bhangdia, Kayleigh Cogswell, Ian E. Lasher, dylan Lidral-Porter, Brendan Maddison, Emilie r. Nguyen, Trang Nhu Ngoc Patel, Nishali Pedroza, Paola Solorio, Juan Stutzman, Hayley Tsakalos, Golsum Wang, Yifeng Warriner, Wesley Zhao, Yingxi Zlavog, Bianca S. Abbafati, Cristiana Abbas, Jaffar Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abdelmasseh, Michael Abdulah, deldar Morad Abedi, Aidin Abegaz, Kedir Hussein Abhilash, E.S. Aboagye, richard Gyan Abolhassani, Hassan Abrigo, Michael r.M. Abubaker Ali, Hiwa Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Adem, Mohammed Hussien Afzal, Muhammad Sohail Ahmadi, Ali Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed rashid, Tarik Aji, Budi Akbarialiabad, Hossein Akelew, Yibeltal Al Hamad, Hanadi Alam, Khurshid Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Alanzi, Turki M. Al-Hanawi, Mohammed Khaled Alhassan, robert Kaba Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Almustanyir, Sami Al-raddadi, rajaa M. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J. Amare, Azmeraw T. Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amini-rarani, Mostafa Amu, Hubert Ancuceanu, robert Andrei, Tudorel Anwar, Sumadi Lukman Appiah, Francis Aqeel, Muhammad Arabloo, Jalal Arab-Zozani, Morteza Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. Aremu, Olatunde Aruleba, raphael Taiwo Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Avila-Burgos, Leticia Ayanore, Martin Amogre Azari, Samad Baig, Atif Amin Bantie, Abere Tilahun Barrow, Amadou Baskaran, Pritish Basu, Sanjay Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad Baune, Bernhard T. Berezvai, Zombor Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhaskar, Sonu Boachie, Micheal Kofi Bodolica, Virginia Botelho, João Silva Botelho Braithwaite, dejana Breitborde, Nicholas J.K. Busse, reinhard Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero Catalá-López, Ferrán Chansa, Collins Charan, Jaykaran Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chen, Simiao Chukwu, Isaac Sunday dadras, Omid dandona, Lalit dandona, rakhi dargahi, Abdollah debela, Sisay Abebe denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar desye, Belay dharmaratne, Samath dhamminda diao, Nancy doan, Linh Phuong dodangeh, Milad dos Santos, Wendel Mombaque doshmangir, Leila dube, John Eini, Ebrahim El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa El Tantawi, Maha Enyew, daniel Berhanie Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Applied Mathematics University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Department of Juridical and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Antai College of Economics Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Non-communicable Diseases Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Multiple Sclerosis Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Children’s Medical Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Tehran Heart Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Faculty of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran National Institute for Health Research Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Pharmacology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Cardiology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Digestive Diseases Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Neurology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Social Determinants of Health Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Health Economics and Statistics Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Neurosurgery Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Ophthalmic R

Background: The COVId-19 pandemic highlighted gaps in health surveillance systems, disease prevention, and treatment globally. Among the many factors that might have led to these gaps is the issue of the financing of national health systems, especially in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), as well as a robust global system for pandemic preparedness. We aimed to provide a comparative assessment of global health spending at the onset of the pandemic;characterise the amount of development assistance for pandemic preparedness and response disbursed in the first 2 years of the COVId-19 pandemic;and examine expectations for future health spending and put into context the expected need for investment in pandemic preparedness. Methods: In this analysis of global health spending between 1990 and 2021, and prediction from 2021 to 2026, we estimated four sources of health spending: development assistance for health (dAH), government spending, out-of-pocket spending, and prepaid private spending across 204 countries and territories. We used the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and development (OECd)'s Creditor reporting system (CrS) and the WHO Global Health Expenditure database (GHEd) to estimate spending. We estimated development assistance for general health, COVId-19 response, and pandemic preparedness and response using a keyword search. Health spending estimates were combined with estimates of resources needed for pandemic prevention and preparedness to analyse future health spending patterns, relative to need. Findings: In 2019, at the onset of the COVId-19 pandemic, US$9·2 trillion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 9·1–9·3) was spent on health worldwide. We found great disparities in the amount of resources devoted to health, with high-income countries spending $7·3 trillion (95% UI 7·2–7·4) in 2019;293·7 times the $24·8 billion (95% UI 24·3–25·3) spent by low-income countries in 2019. That same year, $43·1 billion in development assistance was provided

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design of a dual-band dual-polarized slot antenna for Ku-band video satellite application

Design of a dual-band dual-polarized slot antenna for Ku-ban...

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International Symposium on Antennas, Propagation and EM Theory (ISAPE)

作者： Huazhen Li Yi Zhang Guangqiu Zhang School of Information System Engineering National Digital Switching System Engineering &Technological R&D Center Zhengzhou China

ISBN: (纸本)9781509047444

A dual-band dual-polarized slot antenna for Ku-band video satellite application is proposed. It mainly consists of the ground with a wide slot and a reflector. The orthogonal modes are excited by slot-coupling feeding and microstrip feeding to realize dual polarization. The dual-band characteristic is realized using the multi-resonant performance of wide slot. The impedance bandwidth for two port covers the dual wide bandwidths of 10.7-11.7GHz and 11.7-12.7GHz. The gain can be up to 8.8dBi. The proposed antenna has low profile, simple structure, good port isolation and high gain. It is a good candidate for Ku-band video satellite antenna.

关键词： decision support systems

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An intensive security architecture with multi-controller for SdN

An intensive security architecture with multi-controller for...

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IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops, INFOCOM Wksps

作者： Chao Qi Jiangxing Wu Hongchao Hu Guozhen Cheng Wenyan Liu Jianjian Ai Chao Yang National Digital Switching System Engineering & Technological R&D Center Zhengzhou Henan China

ISBN: (纸本)9781467399562

Modifying flow rule attack is a type of attack against controllers in SdN, leading to severe influence on network. In this paper, we propose Mcad-SA, an aware decision-making security architecture with multi-controller, to deal with it. It schedules the controllers in a dynamic and random way and adopts the vote results from the majority of controllers to determine valid flow rules. Theory analysis proves its validity.

关键词： Security Switches Transponders decision making robustness Computer architecture

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Global trends in urban forest irrigation: Environmental influences, challenges and opportunities for sustainable practices across 109 cities worldwide

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Sustainable Cities and Society 2025年 130卷

作者： Esperon-rodriguez, Manuel Gallagher, rachael V russo, Alessio Power, Sally A Calaza-Martínez, Pedro Capela Lourenço, Tiago Cariñanos, Paloma Eleuterio, Ana Alice Guo, Zhengfei Lee, Gervais Masselot, Pierre Mcdonald, robert I. Messier, Christian Ordoñez, Camilo Parpanchi, Mostafa Schifanella, rossano Shackleton, Charlie Sharmin, Mahmuda Solfjeld, Ingjerd St-denis, Annick Svenning, Jens-Christian Torres-Martinez, Maria Martha Wiström, Björn Yan, Pengbo Yang, Jun Tjoelker, Mark G Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Locked Bag 1797 Penrith 2751 NSW Australia School of Science Western Sydney University Locked Bag 1797 Penrith 2751 NSW Australia School of Architecture and Built Environment Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Australia Spanish Association of Public Parks and Gardens (AEPJP) Higher Technical School of Mountains Forestry and Natural Environment Engineering Polytechnic University of Madrid Madrid 28040 Spain Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes (CE3C) & Global Change and Sustainability Institute (CHANGE) Faculdade de Ciências Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon 1749-016 Portugal Department of Botany Faculty of Pharmacy University of Granada Granada Spain IISTA-CEAMA Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research University of Granada Granada Spain Instituto Latino-Americano de Economia Sociedade e Política Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana Brazil Department of Geography The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China Fenner School of Environment & Society The Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia Environment & Health Modelling (EHM) Lab Department of Public Health Environments and Society London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine 15-17 Tavistock Place WC1E 7HT London United Kingdom The Nature Conservancy Berlin Germany CUNY Institute for Demographic Research NY NY United States Humboldt University Berlin Germany Institut des sciences de la forêt tempérée 58 rue principale Département des sciences naturelles Université du Québec en Outaouais Ripon J0V 1V0 Québec Canada Centre d’étude de la forêt Département des sciences biologiques Université du Québec à Montréal 141 avenue du Président-Kennedy Montréal H2×1Y4 Québec Canada Department of Geography Geomatics and Environment University of Toronto at Mississauga Mississauga ON Canada University of Milano-Bicocca MI Milano 20126 Italy University of Turin Via Giuseppe

Urban forests are critical for climate adaptation and liveability, but effective irrigation management—key to their sustainability—remains poorly documented at the global scale. This study addresses this critical knowledge gap by analysing urban forest irrigation practices across 109 cities in 21 countries, offering one of the first global assessments of irrigation approaches, challenges, and opportunities. Using survey data, we examined water sources, irrigation frequency, constraints, and enabling conditions. Our results show that weather conditions were the leading factor influencing irrigation scheduling in 44 % of cities, while 56 % reported no formal water restrictions. despite the importance of water conservation, 55 % of respondents reported having no water usage monitoring systems, and 73 % lacked financial incentives to promote water-efficient irrigation. A large majority (80 %) did not use recycled wastewater, and 58 % did not conduct water quality testing. Only 15 % of cities regularly used water-efficient irrigation technologies, and 47 % had no plans to implement smart systems. Over half (56 %) rated their current irrigation practices as only moderately successful. Budget constraints and infrastructure limitations were the most frequently reported challenges, followed by climate change-related concerns. While environmental variables such as mean annual temperature and irrigation need influenced specific practices, local governance and institutional actions had stronger effects. Cities in the Global South reported distinct strategies and constraints compared to those in the Global North. Our findings provide actionable insights for climate-resilient urban water strategies and underscore the need for targeted policies, capacity-building, and efficient technologies to enhance urban forest sustainability worldwide. © 2025 The Author(s)

关键词： Climate change Environmental factors Irrigation technology Smart urban forestry Water irrigation need Water management

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Correction to: 2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales

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Archives of virology 2021年第12期166卷 3567-3579页

作者： Jens H Kuhn Scott Adkins Bernard r Agwanda rim Al Kubrusli Sergey V Alkhovsky Gaya K Amarasinghe Tatjana Avšič-Županc María A Ayllón Justin Bahl Anne Balkema-Buschmann Matthew J Ballinger Christopher F Basler Sina Bavari Martin Beer Nicolas Bejerman Andrew J Bennett dennis A Bente Éric Bergeron Brian H Bird Carol d Blair Kim r Blasdell dag-ragnar Blystad Jamie Bojko Wayne B Borth Steven Bradfute rachel Breyta Thomas Briese Paul A Brown Judith K Brown Ursula J Buchholz Michael J Buchmeier Alexander Bukreyev Felicity Burt Carmen Büttner Charles H Calisher Mengji Cao Inmaculada Casas Kartik Chandran rémi N Charrel Qi Cheng Yuya Chiaki Marco Chiapello Il-ryong Choi Marina Ciuffo J Christopher S Clegg Ian Crozier Elena dal Bó Juan Carlos de la Torre Xavier de Lamballerie rik L de Swart Humberto debat Nolwenn M dheilly Emiliano di Cicco Nicholas di Paola Francesco di Serio ralf G dietzgen Michele digiaro Olga dolnik Michael A drebot J Felix drexler William G dundon W Paul duprex ralf dürrwald John M dye Andrew J Easton Hideki Ebihara Toufic Elbeaino Koray Ergünay Hugh W Ferguson Anthony r Fooks Marco Forgia Pierre B H Formenty Jana Fránová Juliana Freitas-Astúa Jingjing Fu Stephanie Fürl Selma Gago-Zachert George Fú Gāo María Laura García Adolfo García-Sastre Aura r Garrison Thomas Gaskin Jean-Paul J Gonzalez Anthony Griffiths Tony L Goldberg Martin H Groschup Stephan Günther roy A Hall John Hammond Tong Han Jussi Hepojoki roger Hewson Jiang Hong Ni Hong Seiji Hongo Masayuki Horie John S Hu Tao Hu Holly r Hughes Florian Hüttner Timothy H Hyndman M Ilyas risto Jalkanen dàohóng Jiāng Gilda B Jonson Sandra Junglen Fujio Kadono Karia H Kaukinen Michael Kawate Boris Klempa Jonas Klingström Gary Kobinger Igor Koloniuk Hideki Kondō Eugene V Koonin Mart Krupovic Kenji Kubota Gael Kurath Lies Laenen Amy J Lambert Stanley L Langevin Benhur Lee Elliot J Lefkowitz Eric M Leroy Shaorong Li Longhui Li Jiànróng Lǐ Huazhen Liu Igor S Lukashevich Piet Maes William Marciel de Souza Marco Marklewitz Sergio H Marshall Shin-Yi L Marzano Se Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health Frederick MD USA. kuhnjens@mail.nih.gov. United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service US Horticultural Research Laboratory Fort Pierce FL USA. Zoology Department National Museums of Kenya Nairobi Kenya. Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology Nairobi Kenya. Division Phytomedicine Faculty of Life Sciences Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany. D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology of N.F. Gamaleya National Center on Epidemiology and Microbiology of Ministry of Health of Russian Federation Moscow Russia. Department of Pathology and Immunology Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA. Faculty of Medicine University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia. Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria Campus de Montegancedo Pozuelo de Alarcón Madrid Spain. Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica Alimentaria y de Biosistemas Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Madrid Spain. Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases Department of Infectious Diseases Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Insitute of Bioinformatics University of Georgia Athens GA USA. Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut Federal Research Institute for Animal Health Greifswald-Insel Riems Germany. Department of Biological Sciences Mississippi State University Mississippi State MS USA. Center for Microbial Pathogenesis Institute for Biomedical Sciences Georgia State University Atlanta GA USA. Edge BioInnovation Consulting and Mgt Frederick MD USA. Institute of Diagnostic Virology Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut Greifswald-Insel Riems Germany. UFyMA INTA-CONICET Cordoba Argentina. Genomics and Bioinformatics D

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Publisher Correction: Global estimates on the number of people blind or visually impaired by cataract: a meta-analysis from 2000 to 2020

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Eye (London, England) 2024年第11期38卷 2229-2231页

作者： Konrad Pesudovs Hugh r. Taylor Tabassom Sedighi rupert r. A. Bourne Shahina Pardhan Van Charles Lansingh John H. Kempen Ian Tapply Arthur G. Fernandes Maria Vittoria Cicinelli Alessandro Arrigo Nicolas Leveziel Serge resnikoff Seth Flaxman Mukkharram M. Bikbov Tasanee Braithwaite Alain Bron Ching-Yu Cheng Monte A. del Monte Joshua r. Ehrlich Leon B. Ellwein david Friedman João M. Furtado Gus Gazzard ronnie George M. Elizabeth Hartnett Jost B. Jonas rim Kahloun Moncef Khairallah rohit C. Khanna Janet Leasher Julie-Anne Little Vinay Nangia Michal Nowak Tunde Peto Pradeep ramulu Fotis Topouzis Mitiadis Tsilimbaris Ya Xing Wang Ningli Wang Paul Svitil Briant Theo Vos Katrin Burkart Kaleb Coberly Xiaochen dai Stephen S. Lim Tomislav Mestrovic Ali H. Mokdad Christopher J. L. Murray Jaimie d. Steinmetz Awoke Misganaw Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate Mohammad Abdollahi Mozhan Abdollahi Ayele Mamo Abebe Olumide Abiodun richard Gyan Aboagye Woldu Aberhe Abrha Hasan Abualruz Hiwa Abubaker Ali Eman Abu-Gharbieh Salahdein Aburuz Tadele Girum Girum Adal Mesafint Molla Adane Isaac Yeboah Addo Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani Muhammad Sohail Afzal Muhammad Umair Shahin Aghamiri Bright Opoku Ahinkorah Aqeel Ahmad Sajjad Ahmad Ali Ahmadi Siamak Sabour Ayman Ahmed Haroon Ahmed Ahmad Samir Alfaar Abid Ali Syed Shujait Shujait Ali Awais Altaf Hubert Amu Emmanuel Manu Sofia Androudi rodrigo Anguita Abhishek Anil rimple Jeet Kaur Muhammad Aaqib Shamim Saeid Anvari Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor Francis Appiah Jalal Arabloo Haleh Ayatollahi Mosab Arafat damelash Areda reza Arefnezhad Brhane Berhe Aregawi Akeza Awealom Asgedom Tahira Ashraf Seyyed Shamsadin Athari Bantalem Tilaye Tilaye Atinafu Birhan Tsegaw Taye Maha Moh’d Wahbi Atout Alok Atreya Ahmed Y. Azzam Hassan Babamohamadi Sara Bagherieh Yogesh Bahurupi Atif Amin Baig Shumaila Nargus Biswajit Banik Mainak Bardhan Saurav Basu Kavita Batra Nebiyou Simegnew Bayileyegn Fatemeh Bazvand Addisu Shunu Beyene Awoke Masrie Asrat derese devidas S. Bhagat Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula Pankaj Bh Medicine & Health University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia School of Optometry and Vision Science University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia School of Population and Global Health University of Melbourne Carlton VIC Australia Vision and Eye Research Institute Anglia Ruskin University Cambridge UK HelpMeSee Instituto Mexicano de Oftalmologia Santiago de Querétaro Mexico University of Miami Gables FL USA University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA Chief Medical Office HelpMeSee New York NY USA Mexican Institute of Ophthalmology Queretaro Mexico Department of Ophthalmology Massachusetts Eye and Ear/Shepens Eye Research Institute/Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Eye Unit MyungSung Christian Medical Center (MCM) Comprehensive Specialized Hospital and MyungSun Medical College Addis Ababa Ethiopia Department of Ophthalmology Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Sight for Souls Bellevue WA USA Department of Ophthalmology Harvard University Boston MA USA Eye Unit MyungSung Medical College Addis Ababa Ethiopia Addenbrooke’s Hospital Cambridge UK Department of Ophthalmology Cambridge University Hospitals Cambridge UK Federal University of Sao Paolo Sao Paolo SP Brazil University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Federal University of São Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil School of Medicine Vita-Salute San Raffaele University Milan Italy Department of Ophthalmology IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy Department of Ophthalmology San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milano Italy IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Vita-Salute University Milan Italy Scientific Institute San Raffaele Hospital Vita-Salute University Milan Italy University of Poitiers Poitiers France CHU de Poitiers Poitiers France Ophthalmology Department CHU de Poitiers (Poitiers University Hospital) Poitiers France Unité 1084 National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Poitiers France

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Fast Automatic Link Establishment: A New Metric and the Value of Spectrum Prediction

Fast Automatic Link Establishment: A New Metric and the Valu...

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International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing

作者： Ling Yu Jin Chen Guoru ding Zhiqiang Qin College of Communications Engineering PLA University of Science and Technology China National Digital Switching System Engineering & Technological R&D Center

ISBN: (纸本)9781509028610

Automatic link establishment (ALE) is one of the important technologies in HF communication. One of the indicators to measure the performance of an ALE system is the linking time, which includes channel switching, spectrum sensing, and trying to call three periods. Asynchronous mode has been widely used for its simple operation. When establishing an link, the station sorts all the channels and selects the best available channel based on link quality analysis (LQA) matrix, which consists of scores of channels. The traditional LQA algorithm only considers a single factor, such as SNr. In this paper, a new LQA matrix combined with spectrum prediction is proposed to reduce the linking time. It is a new metric to evaluate channels. Spectrum prediction technology has been developed in order to solve the problem of time and energy consumption of spectrum sensing. Based on previous occupancy information, the statistical state parameters of each channel can be obtained. Compared with the traditional algorithm, the new algorithm balances channel state and quality parameters with multiplicative relation. The simulation results show that the linking time is reduced and the performance is improved using new algorithm, and the spectrum prediction can further reduce linking time.

关键词： Automatic link establishment Link quality analysis matrix Channel sensing order Spectrum prediction

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