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Predicting Response to Patients with Gastric Cancer Via a Dynamic-Aware Model with Longitudinal Liquid Biopsy data

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SSRN

SSRN 2024年

作者： Chen, Zifan Zhao, Jie Li, Yanyan Li, Yilin Liu, Huimin Feng, Xujiao Nan, Xinyu Dong, Bin Shen, Lin Chen, Yang Zhang, Li Center for Data Science Peking University Beijing China Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research Ministry of Education Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute Beijing China National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data Analysis and Applications Peking University Beijing China Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China Peking University Beijing China Center for Machine Learning Research Peking University Beijing China Peking University Changsha Institute for Computing and Digital Economy Changsha China

Gastric cancer (GC) presents challenges in predicting treatment responses due to its patient-specific heterogeneity. Recently, liquid biopsies have become recognized as a valuable data modality, offering essential cellular and molecular insights and enabling the capture of time-sensitive information. This study aimed to harness artificial intelligence (AI) technology to analyze longitudinal liquid biopsy data. We collected a dataset from longitudinal liquid biopsies of 91 patients at Peking Cancer Hospital, spanning from July 2019 to April 2022, which included 1,895 tumor-related cellular images and 1,698 tumor marker indices. Subsequently, we introduced the Dynamic-Aware Model (DAM) to predict GC treatment responses. DAM incorporates the dynamic data through AI-engineered components, enabling an in-depth longitudinal analysis. Utilizing three-fold cross-validation, DAM exhibited superior performance over traditional cell-counting-based methods, achieving an AUC of 0.807 in predicting GC treatment responses. In the test set, DAM maintained stable efficacy with an AUC of 0.802. Besides, DAM showed the capability to accurately predict treatment responses from early treatment data. Moreover, DAM's visual analysis of attention mechanisms identified six dynamic focus-area-related visual features and their strong association with treatment response. These findings represent a pioneering effort in applying AI technology for interpreting longitudinal liquid biopsy data and employ visual analytics in GC, offering a promising avenue toward precise response prediction and tailored treatment strategies for patients with ***: This work was supported by the national Natural Science Foundation of China (81801778 to Li Zhang., 82203881 to Yang Chen, U22A20327 to Lin Shen, 12090022 to Bin Dong), Beijing Natural Science Foundation (7222021 to Yang Chen), Beijing Hospitals Authority Youth Programme (QML20231115 to Yang Chen), Clinical Medicine Plus X-Young Scholars Project of P

关键词： Diseases

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Wang, Yuhe Wang, Yating National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Big Data Analysis and Computing Technology Beijing100190 China Institute for Scientific Computation Texas A&M University College StationTX77843 United States School of Mathematics and Statistics Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China

Fluid flow through bimodal porous media, characterized by a distinct separation in pore size distribution, is critical in various scientific and engineering applications, including groundwater management, oil and gas production, and carbon sequestration. This note delves into the physical similarity of fluid flow within such media, bridging the gap between microscale phenomena and macroscale observations. We present a representative mathematical model that conceptualizes bimodal porous media as a double-continuum system, distinguishing between macroporous and microporous regions. The model captures the complex interactions between these regions, particularly focusing on the challenges of modeling fluid flow when there is significant disparity in pore sizes. By employing a heuristic approach grounded in pore-scale tomography, we derive governing equations that describe fluid flow and analyze the solution characteristics. The results reveal unique features of the fluid flow in bimodal systems, such as the occurrence of boundary discontinuities and the delayed transient response, which are not observed in conventional porous media. This work provides ground for further studies in bimodal porous media, offering insights that could enhance predictive modeling and optimization in various applications concerning porous media with similar bimodal pore size distributions. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Transient analysis

Research of mask wearing detection method using Improved YOLO network

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Research of mask wearing detection method using Improved YOL...

Chinese Control and Decision Conference, CCDC

作者： Fei Xiao Zixi Liu Shengbin Zhao Shuai Yuan School of Computer Science and Engineering Shenyang Jianzhu University Shenyang China Daqing Oilfield Limited Company DaQing China School of Computer Science and Engineering Shenyang Jianzhu University Liaoning Province Big Data Management and Analysis Laboratory of Urban Construction Shenyang Branch of National Special Computer Engineering Technology Research Center Shenyang China

ISBN: (数字)9798350387780

ISBN: (纸本)9798350387797

Mask wearing detection technology is a practical and research-oriented area within object detection. Due to the complexity of mask wearing detection scenarios, issues such as small target detection and low image clarity often result in missed detections and false alarms. The YOLO algorithm, known for its fast detection speed, is commonly used in mask wearing detection. However, the original YOLO algorithm struggles to achieve satisfactory results in dense crowd scenarios. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved YOLOv5 algorithm based on the BiFPN structure and incorporating attention mechanisms to enhance the accuracy of mask wearing detection while maintaining real-time performance. The proposed approach firstly introduces the Bidirectional Feature Pyramid (BiFPN) structure into the backbone network to enhance the feature extraction capability. Additionally, attention mechanisms are incorporated to filter out irrelevant information, conserve computational resources, and improve the detection performance for small targets. Experimental results on a custom dataset demonstrate that the YOLOv5_BiFPN algorithm achieves a 4% improvement in accuracy and an 11.7% increase in mAP50 compared to the original YOLOv5. Moreover, the inclusion of attention mechanisms further boosts the accuracy by an additional 1.6%. These findings confirm that the improved YOLOv5s model exhibits superior performance in the task of mask wearing detection.

关键词： YOLO Attention mechanisms Accuracy Filtering algorithms Feature extraction Information filters Real-time systems

A rank-adaptive higher-order orthogonal iteration algorithm for truncated tucker decomposition

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Xiao, Chuanfu Yang, Chao School of Mathematical Sciences Peking University Beijing100871 China National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data Analysis & Applications Peking University Beijing100871 China

We propose a novel rank-adaptive higher-order orthogonal iteration (HOOI) algorithm to compute the truncated Tucker decomposition of higher-order tensors with a given error tolerance, and prove that the method is locally optimal and monotonically convergent. A series of numerical experiments related to both synthetic and real-world tensors are carried out to show that the proposed rank-adaptive HOOI algorithm is advantageous in terms of both accuracy and efficiency. Some further analysis on the HOOI algorithm and the classical alternating least squares method are presented to further understand why rank adaptivity can be introduce into the HOOI algorithm and how it works. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Tensors

ZuantuSet: A Collection of Historical Chinese Visualizations and Illustrations

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Mei, Xiyao Zhang, Yu Yang, Chaofan Shi, Rui Yuan, Xiaoru National Key Laboratory of General Artificial Intelligence School of Intelligence Science and Technology Peking University Beijing China Department of Computer Science University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Center for Research on Ancient Chinese History Peking University Beijing China National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data Analysis and Application Peking University Beijing China PKU-WUHAN Institute for Artificial Intelligence Wuhan China

Historical visualizations are a valuable resource for studying the history of visualization and inspecting the cultural context where they were created. When investigating historical visualizations, it is essential to consider contributions from different cultural frameworks to gain a comprehensive understanding. While there is extensive research on historical visualizations within the European cultural framework, this work shifts the focus to ancient China, a cultural context that remains underexplored by visualization researchers. To this aim, we propose a semi-automatic pipeline to collect, extract, and label historical Chinese visualizations. Through the pipeline, we curate ZuantuSet, a dataset with over 71K visualizations and 108K illustrations. We analyze distinctive design patterns of historical Chinese visualizations and their potential causes within the context of Chinese history and culture. We illustrate potential usage scenarios for this dataset, summarize the unique challenges and solutions associated with collecting historical Chinese visualizations, and outline future research directions. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： data collection

Model-enhanced Vector Index

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Zhang, Hailin Wang, Yujing Chen, Qi Chang, Ruiheng Zhang, Ting Miao, Ziming Hou, Yingyan Ding, Yang Miao, Xupeng Wang, Haonan Pang, Bochen Zhan, Yuefeng Sun, Hao Deng, Weiwei Zhang, Qi Yang, Fan Xie, Xing Yang, Mao Cui, Bin School of Computer Science Key Lab of High Confidence Software Technologies Peking University China Microsoft United States Aerospace Information Research Institute Key Laboratory of Target Cognition and Application Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences China Institute of Information Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences China Carnegie Mellon University United States National University of Singapore Singapore National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data Analysis and Applications Peking University China

Embedding-based retrieval methods construct vector indices to search for document representations that are most similar to the query representations. They are widely used in document retrieval due to low latency and decent recall performance. Recent research indicates that deep retrieval solutions offer better model quality, but are hindered by unacceptable serving latency and the inability to support document updates. In this paper, we aim to enhance the vector index with endto- end deep generative models, leveraging the differentiable advantages of deep retrieval models while maintaining desirable serving efficiency. We propose Modelenhanced Vector Index (MEVI), a differentiable model-enhanced index empowered by a twin-tower representation model. MEVI leverages a Residual Quantization (RQ) codebook to bridge the sequence-to-sequence deep retrieval and embeddingbased models. To substantially reduce the inference time, instead of decoding the unique document ids in long sequential steps, we first generate some semantic virtual cluster ids of candidate documents in a small number of steps, and then leverage the well-adapted embedding vectors to further perform a fine-grained search for the relevant documents in the candidate virtual clusters. We empirically show that our model achieves better performance on the commonly used academic benchmarks MSMARCO Passage and Natural Questions, with comparable serving latency to dense retrieval solutions. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Embeddings

Bayesian Optimization of Double-SAC Robotic Arm Path Planning Using Recent Prioritized Experience Replay

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Bayesian Optimization of Double-SAC Robotic Arm Path Plannin...

WRC Symposium on Advanced Robotics and Automation (WRC SARA)

作者： Shuai Yuan Ke Wen Feng Zhang Jianqiang Xiong School of Computer Science and Engineering Shenyang Jianzhu University Liaoning Province Big Data Management and Analysis Laboratory of Urban Construction Shenyang Branch of National Special Computer Engineering Technology Research Center Shengyang China School of Electrical and Control Engineering Shenyang Jianzhu University Shengyang China

As for the path planning of robotic arms, Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithms have recently been developed. However, the high-dimensional action space and state space will result in reward sparsity and low training efficiency of robotic arm path planning. We propose a Bayesian optimization of Double-SAC algorithm using recent priority experience replay to solve these issues. We first propose the sampling method of recent prioritized experience replay (RPER), which combines recent sampling and prioritized experience replay (PER). The interval of experience pool is divided according to the recent sampling method, and sampling is performed according to the sample priority of the interval. Then we adopt a Bayesian optimization method that reduces the variance of the random strategy and improve the quality of the sampled actions. The larger variance is more beneficial for exploring the environment. Smaller variance is advantageous for exploiting good experiences to obtain higher returns. Our approach finds a good balance between exploration and exploitation. We train two Soft Actor Critic (SAC) agents to obtain two independent probability distributions, and a Bayesian optimizer is adopted to combine the two distributions to design a hybrid strategy. The hybrid strategy can output better actions according to the uncertainty estimation of the distribution, and further enhance training efficiency and stability. Finally, simulation tests are performed on the ROS-Gazebo platform, and the simulation results illustrate that the algorithm proposed in this paper converges faster and has a shorter training time than the original algorithm in terms of path planning performance.

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Zero-Order Optimization in Security Constrained Power System Scheduling

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Zero-Order Optimization in Security Constrained Power System...

Electrical, Computer and Energy Technologies (ICECET), International Conference on

作者： Qi An Jianxiao Wang Shengyu Wu Weikai Ren Ruanming Huang Gengyin Li State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power University Beijing China National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data Analysis and Applications Peking University Beijing China State Grid Energy Research Institute CO. LTD. Beijing China Institute of Energy Peking University Beijing China Planning Center State Grid Shanghai Electric Power Company Shanghai China

ISBN: (数字)9798350395914

ISBN: (纸本)9798350395921

The security and resilience of power systems are gradually challenged. As a typical index measuring the security and resilience of power systems, the frequency stability issue is becoming prominent. Due to the increase in the complexity of power systems, the frequency stability boundary is gradually becoming fuzzy, leading to traditional analytical-modeling algorithms hardly applicable for frequency stability constrained dispatch. Existing data-driven methods for characterizing frequency stability boundary typically requires massive simulation calculations, leading to unnecessary computing power consumption. To this end, zeroth-order (ZO) optimization, which aims to solve optimization problems embedding non-analytic functions, is adopted for solving the frequency stability constrained dispatch in this paper. In contrast to traditional data-driven methods, we directly embed frequency stability simulation check into power system dispatch. The gradient of frequency stability simulation check is estimated through ZO optimization, thereby realizing the interaction optimization between power system dispatch and real-time simulation. In this way, the solution for the frequency stability constrained dispatch is modified towards the optimal point along the gradient descent direction. Cases studies based on IEEE-9 bus system verifies that, compared with traditional data-driven methods, the solution approach we propose could reduce the system cost while significantly improving the calculation efficiency.

关键词： Power measurement Power demand Processor scheduling Stability criteria Power system stability Real-time systems Frequency estimation Indexes Optimization Resilience

Predicting the Risk of Incident Cardiovascular Disease Using Retinal Vessel Caliber Measured by Artificial Intelligence in a Chinese Community-Based Population

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SSRN

SSRN 2025年

作者： Luo, Xingyu Yang, Guangzhengao Fan, Fangfang Jiang, Yimeng Jia, Jia Zhao, Jie Chen, Zifan Yan, Shenshen She, Haicheng Zheng, Bo Zhang, Li Zhang, Yan Department of Cardiology Peking University First Hospital Beijing China Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Peking University First Hospital Beijing China Center for Data Science Peking University Beijing China National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data Analysis and Applications Peking University Beijing China Peking University Changsha Institute for Computing and Digital Economy Beijing China Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab Beijing China

Background: The predictive value of retinal vessel caliber, measured through artificial intelligence (AI), for incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk remains to be explored. Our study aimed to investigate the association between AI-measured retinal vessel caliber and the risk of incident CVD in a Chinese community-based population. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study on subjects from a Beijing community in China who were free of prevalent stroke or myocardial infarction and underwent retinal photography at baseline. By deep-learning algorithm, retinal vessel caliber measurements, including central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE), central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE), and arteriolar-to-venular ratio (AVR), were obtained from 0.5 to 1 disc diameter from the optic disc margin. The primary endpoint was an incident major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), defined as a composite of first non-fatal stroke, first non-fatal acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and cardiovascular death. The secondary endpoints included first stroke, first AMI, and cardiovascular death. Findings: A total of 3,585 participants were included. The mean age was 56.49 ± 8.94 years, and 2335 (65.1%) were female. Prevalence of prior hypertension and diabetes was 1594 (44.5%) and 676 (18.9%), respectively. The mean values for CRAE, CRVE, and AVR were 190.83 ± 29.92 μm, 278.26 ± 36.34 μm, and 0.69 ± 0.08, respectively. During the follow-up (median, 7.53 years), there were 293 cases of incident MACE (8.2%), 226 strokes (6.3%), 57 AMIs (1.6%), and 44 cardiovascular deaths (1.2%). The Kaplan–Meier curves showed significant differences in cumulative hazards of the primary endpoint among tertiles of CRAE, CRVE, and AVR. In Cox proportional-hazards models adjusting for covariates, CRAE was negatively associated with the risk of incident MACE (per 10 μm increase, hazard ratio [HR] = 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.92-0.99, P = 0.009) and the risk of incident stroke (per 10 μm

关键词： Risk assessment