Photoacoustic computed tomography(PACT)is a rapidly developing biomedical imaging modality and has attracted substantial attention in recent *** reconstruction from photoacoustic projections plays a critical role in i...
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Photoacoustic computed tomography(PACT)is a rapidly developing biomedical imaging modality and has attracted substantial attention in recent *** reconstruction from photoacoustic projections plays a critical role in image formation in *** we review six major classes of image reconstruction approaches developed in the past three decades,including delay and sum,filtered back projection,series expansion,time reversal,iterative reconstruction,and deep-learning-based *** principal ideas and implementations of the algorithms are summarized,and their reconstruction performances under different imaging scenarios are *** challenges,future directions,and perspectives for the development of image reconstruction algorithms in PACT are also *** review provides a self-contained reference guide for beginners and specialists in the photoacoustic community,to facilitate the development and application of novel photoacoustic image reconstruction algorithms.
Distraction and overspeed behaviors are acknowledged as two significant contributors to single-vehicle motorcycle crashes, injuries and fatalities resulting from which are severe and critical issues in Pakistan. To ex...
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Distraction and overspeed behaviors are acknowledged as two significant contributors to single-vehicle motorcycle crashes, injuries and fatalities resulting from which are severe and critical issues in Pakistan. To explore the temporal instability and differences in the factors determining the injury severities between single-vehicle motorcycle crashes caused by distraction and overspeed behaviors, this study estimated two groups of random parameter logit models with heterogeneity in means and variances. Single-vehicle motorcycle crash data in Rawalpindi city between 2017 and 2019 was used for model estimation, and a wide variety of explanatory variables relating to the rider, roadways, environments, and temporal attributes was simulated in the models. The current study considered three possible crash injury severity outcomes: minor injury, severe injury and fatal injury. Likelihood ratio tests were conducted to explore the temporal instability and non-transferability. Marginal effects were also calculated to further reveal temporal instability of the variables. Except for several variables, the most significant factors reported temporal instability and non-transferability, manifested as the effects varied from year to year and across different crashes. Moreover, out-of-sample prediction was also implemented to capture temporal instability and non-transferability between distraction and overspeed crash observations. The non-transferability between motorcycle crashes caused by distraction and overspeed behaviors provides insights into developing differentiated countermeasures and policies targeted at preventing and mitigating single-vehicle motorcycle crashes caused by the two risk-taking behaviors.
To address the increasing need for detecting and validating protein biomarkers in clinical specimens,mass spectrometry(MS)-based targeted proteomic techniques,including the selected reaction monitoring(SRM),parallel r...
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To address the increasing need for detecting and validating protein biomarkers in clinical specimens,mass spectrometry(MS)-based targeted proteomic techniques,including the selected reaction monitoring(SRM),parallel reaction monitoring(PRM),and massively parallel dataindependent acquisition(DIA),have been *** optimal performance,they require the fragment ion spectra of targeted peptides as prior *** this report,we describe a MS pipeline and spectral resource to support targeted proteomics studies for human tissue *** build the spectral resource,we integrated common open-source MS computational tools to assemble a freely accessible computational workflow based on *** then applied the workflow to generate DPHL,a comprehensive DIA pan-human library,from 1096 data-dependent acquisition(DDA)MS raw files for 16 types of cancer *** extensive spectral resource was then applied to a proteomic study of 17 prostate cancer(PCa)***,PRM validation was applied to a larger study of 57 PCa patients and the differential expression of three proteins in prostate tumor was *** a second application,the DPHL spectral resource was applied to a study consisting of plasma samples from 19 diffuse large B cell lymphoma(DLBCL)patients and 18 healthy control *** expressed proteins between DLBCL patients and healthy control subjects were detected by DIA-MS and confirmed by *** data demonstrate that the DPHL supports DIA and PRM MS pipelines for robust protein biomarker *** is freely accessible at https://***/page/***?id=IPX0001400000.
The operating system is a complex system that includes supply and demand. Changes in external information have an impact on the operation of the system, especially on both supply and demand. This paper analyzes the su...
The operating system is a complex system that includes supply and demand. Changes in external information have an impact on the operation of the system, especially on both supply and demand. This paper analyzes the supply and demand and establishes the nonlinear programming problem of system operation under the social optimal goal. With the increase of external information intervention, there will be more suitable travel fares for the demand side. However, the supply side's related operating indicators (for example, frequency, bus fleet, and vehicle capacity, etc.) have shown a trend of first increasing and then decreasing due to existing resource constraints. It can be seen that under the same information interference, there are differences in the law of change between the supply and demand sides. Besides, an example is used to verify the effectiveness of the model. Through the model and calculation examples, we can know that the supplier and the demander can meet their own needs under the social optimal goal. This provides certain theoretical support for future research information on system operation.
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