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The State-of-the-Art in Catalyst Performance Evaluation for Automobile emission control in China

emission control Science and technology 2025年第1期11卷 1-18页

作者： Liu, Xi Shao, Yuankai Wang, Maoxuan Dong, Anqi Liu, Yatao Ren, Xiaoning Li, Kaixiang Zhou, Bingjie Zhu, Weikang Wu, Hanming Li, Zhenguo National Engineering Laboratory for Mobile Source Emission Control Technology China Automotive Technology & Research Center Co. Ltd Tianjin300300 China

emission control catalysts are the primary means of mitigating automobile exhaust pollution, and diverse catalysts have been developed, including TWC, MOC, ASC, DOC, NDC, and others. To further decrease vehicle emissions and enhance overall air quality, continuous upgrades of these catalysts are necessary. The methodologies and standards for evaluating the performance of automobile emission control catalysts are pivotal for their technological advancement. While various countries have issued regulations outlining test items, procedures, and evaluation indicators for engine bench and whole-vehicle emission assessments, no universally recognized evaluation methods or protocols exist for laboratory simulation evaluations of catalyst performance. This paper initially introduces the technical pathways for emission control in vehicles using diverse fuels. Subsequently, it comprehensively reviews the activity and lifespan evaluation methods for emission control catalysts across three levels: laboratory simulation, engine bench, and whole-vehicle evaluations, providing relevant evaluation standards for reference. It elaborates on laboratory simulation evaluation techniques, test conditions, and performance indicators for different catalysts, analyzes catalyst deactivation mechanisms, and summarizes research advancements in durability evaluation methods. Lastly, the paper prospects the future focus of research on performance evaluation methodologies for automobile emission control catalysts. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： emission control

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Excellent Charge Transfer and Synergy on Mn-Mn Dimer Sites in Manganese Oxides Enables Exceptional Activity for No Oxidation

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Li, Huan Wen, Rui Dong, Anqi Wang, Wanying Xu, Jinchao Zhang, Shen Chen, Gang Wang, Wen Hao, Ruiting Wan, Xiang Wang, Weichao Zhaoa, Chunning College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering Nankai University Tianjin300350 China National Engineering Laboratory for Mobile Source Emission Control Technology China Automotive Technology & Research Center Co. Ltd. Tianjin300300 China Shenzhen Research Institute of Nankai University Shenzhen518057 China College of Energy and Environment Science Yunnan Normal University Yunnan Province Kunming650500 China Southwest United Graduate School Yunnan Province Kunming650092 China

Mn-Mn dimer has been found to be catalytically active in various manganese oxides towards NO oxidation. However, how the dimer determines the catalytic performance is not accessible yet to date. Herein, we employed a combination of DFT theoretical calculation and experimental approach to investigate the O2 dissociation capability and NO oxidation activity of single Mn sites and Mn-Mn dimer sites with varying bond lengths. Results indicate that Mn-Mn dimer sites outperform single Mn active sites in both O2 activation and NO oxidation. This enhancement is primarily attributed to the short-range ordered geometry of the Mn-Mn dimers, which suppresses the formation of NO3* intermediates and promotes NO2* desorption. Among the three types of Mn-Mn dimers examined, the Mn-Mn dimer in BaMnO3, with the shortest Mn-Mn bond length, aligns most favorably with OO, supporting the most efficient O2 activation. Conversely, MnO2, characterized by the longest Mn-Mn bond length, exhibits greater charge transfer and synergistic effects at the local active site, achieving the highest NO catalytic activity. Furthermore, we find that dual-site exposure of Mn-Mn dimers is more effective for catalytic reactions than single-site exposure. This study provides important insights into the structure-activity relationship between the geometric structure of catalytic active sites and the adsorption of intermediates. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Bond length

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Mechanism study on the influence of non-thermal plasma on the oxidation performance of Pt catalyst during DOC regeneration

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Chemical engineering and Processing - Process Intensification 2025年 214卷

作者： Shi, Yunxi Ding, Zhengping Luo, Yong Huang, Yankang Zhuang, Kaiqi Li, Zhenguo Cai, Yixi Li, Xiaohua Wang, Jun Fan, Yongsheng School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering Jiangsu University Jiangsu Zhenjiang212013 China National Engineering Laboratory for Mobile Source Emission Control Technology China Automotive Technology & Research Center Co. Ltd Tianjin 300300 China School of Automotive Engineering Yancheng Institute of Technology Jiangsu Yancheng224051 China

The aging deactivation of noble metal catalysts is a critical challenge for diesel oxidation catalysts (DOC). This study investigated the regeneration of aging DOC using non-thermal plasma (NTP) technology. Combined with catalytic oxidation performance testing of platinum (Pt) catalysts on DOC and analyses through EDS, BET, O2-TPD, TEM, and XPS, the effects of NTP regeneration were evaluated. NTP effectively degraded carbon deposits within the DOC at temperatures below 210 °C, lower than the DOC's maximum operating temperature and the Pt catalyst's deactivation temperature. During regeneration, BET area increased by 39.06 %, average particle size decreased by 28.5 %, relative carbon content in the Pt catalyst dropped by 60.9 %, and relative oxygen content increased. NTP promoted deep oxidation of Pt, forming oxide layers of PtO (0.22 nm) and PtO2 (0.11 nm), which enhanced catalytic efficiency for CO oxidation. NTP successfully regenerated DOC, restored performance lost due to aging deactivation, and improved the low-temperature activity, stability, and high-temperature resistance of Pt catalysts. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Thermooxidation

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Efficient NO_x abatement by passive adsorption over a Pd-SAPO-34 catalyst prepared by solid-state ion exchange

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第4期35卷 210-213页

作者： Linhui Liu Wuwan Xiong Mingli Fu Junliang Wu Zhenguo Li Daiqi Ye Peirong Chen National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution ControlSchool of Environment and EnergySouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China National Engineering Laboratory for Mobile Source Emission Control Technology China Automotive Technology&Research Center Co.Ltd.Tianjin 300300China

Palladium-exchanged chabazite(Pd-CHA) zeolites as passive NO_x adsorbers(PNAs) enable efficient purification of nitrogen oxides(NO_x) in cold-start diesel exhausts. Their commercial application, however,is limited by the lack of facile preparation method. Here, high-performance CHA-type Pd-SAPO-34 zeolite was synthesized by a modified solid-state ion exchange(SSIE) method using PdO as Pd precursor,and demonstrated superior PNA performance as compared to Pd-SAPO-34 prepared by conventional wetchemistry strategies. Structural characterization using Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction revealed that the SSIE method avoided water-induced damage to the zeolite framework during Pd loading. Mechanistic investigations on the SSIE process by in situ infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy disclosed that, while PdO precursor was mainly converted to Pd^(2+) cations coordinated to the zeolite framework by consuming the-OH groups of the zeolite, a portion of PdO could also undergo thermal decomposition to form highly dispersed Pd~0 clusters in the pore channels. This simplified and scalable SSIE method paves a new way for the cost-effective synthesis of defect-free high-performance Pd-SAPO-34 zeolites as PNA catalysts.

关键词： Pd-SAPO-34 Passive NO_x adsorber Pd loading Solid-state ion exchange Pd transformation

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Experimental investigation of the diesel engine with charged agglomerator coupling DPF

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International Journal of Energy for a Clean Environment 2019年第1期20卷 63-78页

作者： Zhou, Yiwen Han, Yubin Tang, Dong Wang, Jiawei Zhong, Xianglin Department of Automotive and Traffic Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang212013 China National Engineering Laboratory for Mobile Source Emission Control Technology China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co. Ltd. Tianjin300300 China

Investigation of a charged agglomerator and a diesel particulate filter setup is carried out. To analyze the economical efficiency and emission performance of the diesel engine, bench testing was conducted on the coupled setup (i.e., engine, charged agglomerator, and a diesel particulate filter). After running the engine for 3000 s, the pressure drops and fuel consumption decreases by 0.3 kPa and 2%, respectively. Smoke intensity decreases significantly under a high engine load, while filtering efficiency also increases by 3.1%. The particles microstructure and morphology were obtained with the aid of a transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The accumulation and overlap phenomenon of particles increases intensely after going through the charged agglomerator. After passing through the filter, small clusters of particles are distributed, with a clearer outline and improved degree of graphitization. Based on the "box counting method," the fractal dimensions of the particles were analyzed. The fractal dimensions increase after going through the charged agglomerator but decrease after passing through the filter, confirming the results obtained from the TEM. © 2019 by Begell House, Inc.

关键词： Morphology

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Facile synthesis of defected TiO_(2-x)(B) nanosheet/graphene oxide hybrids with high photocatalytic H_(2) activity

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Journal of Materials Science & technology 2021年第21期80卷 171-178页

作者： Xiangchen Kong Huiming Huang Zhaoyang Li Yanqin Liang Zhenguo Li Shengli Zhu School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin300350China National Engineering Laboratory for Mobile Source Emission Control Technology China Automotive Technology&Research Center Co.Ltd.Tianjin300300China School of Materials Science and Engineering Lanzhou Jiaotong UniversityLanzhou730070China

TiO_(2)(B) nanosheets/GO(graphene oxide) hybrids are considered to be outstanding performance photocatalysts for high efficiency of H_(2) evolution. However, they still suffer severe challenges during the synthetic processes, such as a large amount of the capping agents adhering on the surface and easy occurrence of aggregation. To figure out these obstacles, Ar plasma treatment as a modified method in this study not only enable the TiO_(2)(B) nanosheets distributed uniformly on the GO sheets but also engineer defects within TiO_(2)(B) nanosheets to significantly improve the photocatalytic activity for the water splitting. The hydrogen evolution rate of the TiO_(2)-x(B)/GO sheets is 1.4 times higher compared with that of original TiO_(2)(B)/GO sheets without Ar plasma treatment. The improved photocatalytic properties were owing to the synergetic effects of oxygen vacancies and the heterojunction between GO and TiO_(2)(B), which can promote the visible light utilization and accelerate separation and transportation of photogenerated electron-holes. This study can provide a facile pathway to prepare the two-dimensional hybrid photocatalysts with high photocatalytic H_(2) activity.

关键词： TiO_(2)(B)nanosheets Plasma etching Structure defect Heterojunction Photocatalytic H_(2)evolution

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Modulate the superficial structure of La_(2)Ce_(2)O_(7) catalyst with anchoring CuO_(x) species for the selective catalytic oxidation of NH_(3)

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Journal of Materials Science & technology 2022年第16期111卷 1-8页

作者： Xiangchen Kong Zhenguo Li Yuankai Shao Xiaoning Ren Kaixiang Li Hanming Wu Congjie Lv Cheng Lv Shengli Zhu National Engineering Laboratory for Mobile Source Emission Control Technology China Automotive Technology&Research Center Co.Ltd.Tianjin 300300China School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300350China School of Materials Science and Engineering Lanzhou Jiaotong UniversityLanzhou 730070China

Air contamination caused by the ammonia slip phenomenon has gradually captured the researcher’s extensive *** effective strategy for controlling fugitive NH_(2)is critical to improving the air quality and living *** the present work,CuO_(x)/La_(2)Ce_(2)O_(7)composite as a potential candidate catalyst is synthesized through the electrostatic adsorption method for the selective catalytic oxidation(SCO_(2))of NH_(2)to *** 5%Cu Ox/La_(2)Ce_(2)O_(7)exhibits the best catalytic activity(T=243℃)and ammonia conversion *** improvement of performance is mainly attributed to the superficial connection of[Ce-O-Cu],which enhances the capturing ability of ammonia molecule and accelerates the dissociating efficiency of N–H bonding for Nevolution,*** work provides a facile method to synthesis pyrochlore-like composite catalyst of NH_(2)-SCO_(2) for solving the problem of ammonia slip pollution in the future.

关键词： La_(2)Ce_(2)O_(7)catalyst Selective catalytic oxidation CuO_(x)species Ammonia slip

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Optimized Pt-MnO_(x) interface in Pt-MnO_(x)/3DOM-Al_(2)O_(3)catalysts for enhancing catalytic soot combustion

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2021年第4期32卷 1447-1450页

作者： Jing Xiong Zhenguo Li Peng Zhang Qi Yu Kaixiang Li Yilin Zhang Zhen Zhao Jian Liu Jianmei Li Yuechang Wei National Engineering Laboratory for Mobile Source Emission Control Technology China Automotive Technology&Research Center Co.Ltd.Tianjin 300300China State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing College of ScienceChina University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China

The catalysts of three-dimensionally ordered macroporous(3 DOM)Al_(2)O_(3)-supported core-shell structured Pt@MnOx nanoparticles(3 DOM-Pt@MnO_(x)/Al_(2)O_(3))were successfully prepared by the gas bubbling-assisted membrane reduction-precipitation(GBMR/P)***@MnO_(x)core-shell nanoparticles(NPs)are highly dispersed on the inner surface of 3 DOM-Al_(2)O_(3)***@MnOx/3 DOM-Al_(2)O_(3)catalysts,which combine both advantages of high-efficiency soot-catalyst contact by 3 DOM-Al_(2)O_(3)structure and the abundant active sites by the optimized Pt-MnO_(x)interface,exhibit high catalytic activities for soot combustion,and the catalytic activities are strongly dependent on the thickness of MnO_(x)*** the catalysts,3 DOM-Pt@MnO_(x)/Al_(2)O_(3)-1 catalyst with optimized Pt-MnO_(x)interface shows the highest catalytic activity for soot combustion,i.e.,its values of T_(50)and S_(CO_(2))^(m) are 351℃and98.6%,*** highest density of Pt-MnO_(x)active sites for adsorptio n-activation of gaseous O_(2)is responsible for enhancing catalytic activity for soot ***@MnOx/3 DOM-Al_(2)O_(3)catalysts are promising to practical applications for the emission reduction of soot particles.

关键词： 3DOM material Platinum Manganese oxide Strong metal-oxide interaction Soot combustion

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Experimental Analysis of the Influence of Exhaust Thermal Management on Engine NO_(x) emission

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2022年第3期18卷 701-711页

作者： Jinliang Zhu Xiulei Wang Guihua Wang Xianglin Zhong Zhenguo Li Zhiming Wang Ke Sun Shuzhan Bai School of Energy and Power Engineering Shandong UniversityJinan250061China China Automotive Technology&Research Center Co. Ltd.Tianjin300300China National Engineering Laboratory of Mobile Source Emission Control Technology Tianjin300300China

Exhaust thermal management is essential to allow engines to meet the Euro VI emissions standards and reducing nitrogen oxide emissions is one of the most important targets being pursued *** these lines,in the present study,engine’s thermal performances have been evaluated on the basis of a WHTC test,namely a transient engine dynamometer schedule defined by the global technical regulation(GTR)developed by the UN ECE GRPE group(the GTR is covering a world-wide harmonized heavy-duty certification(WHDC)procedure for engine exhaust emissions).The influence of thermal management on fuel consumption,intake,and tailpipe NO_(x) have been quantitatively analyzed for the overrun *** results have shown that there can be a strong influence on the after-treatment temperatures and tailpipe NO_(x).In particular,the average temperature upstream of the diesel oxidation catalyst(DOC)has been found to increase from 245°C to 254°C,the average temperature of the selective catalytic reduction(SCR)to increase from 248°C to 253°C,the SCR’s minimum temperature to increase from 196°C to 204°C,and the peak value of the NO_(x) emissions in the low-temperature region to decrease from 73 to 51 mg/***,the influence of the overrun state’s thermal management strategy on the fuel consumption,the air intake,the ammonia storage,the NO_(2)/NO_(x) ratio,and the urea consumption has been observed to be relatively limited.

关键词： Intake throttling valve NO_(x)emissions overrun diesel

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Co_(3)O_(4)as an efficient passive NO_(x) adsorber for emission control during cold-start of diesel engines

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Chinese Journal of Chemical engineering 2024年第2期66卷 1-7页

作者： Jinhuang Cai Shijie Hao Yun Zhang Xiaomin Wu Zhenguo Li Huawang Zhao Department of Environmental Science&Engineering College of Chemical EngineeringHuaqiao UniversityXiamen 361021China Wuxi Weifu Environmental Catalysts Co. LtdWuxi 214000China National Engineering Laboratory for Mobile Source Emission Control Technology China Automotive Technology&Research Center Co.Ltd.Tianjin 300300China

The Co_(3)O_(4)nanoparticles,dominated by a catalytically active(110)lattice plane,were synthesized as a low-temperature NO_(x) adsorbent to control the cold start emissions from *** nanoparticles boast a substantial quantity of active chemisorbed oxygen and lattice oxygen,which exhibited a NO_(x) uptake capacity commensurate with Pd/SSZ-13 at 100℃.The primary NO_(x) release temperature falls within a temperature range of 200-350℃,making it perfectly suitable for diesel *** characterization results demonstrate that chemisorbed oxygen facilitate nitro/nitrites intermediates formation,contributing to the NO_(x) storage at 100℃,while the nitrites begin to decompose within the 150-200℃***,lattice oxygen likely becomes involved in the activation of nitrites into more stable nitrate within this particular temperature *** concurrent processes of nitrites decomposition and its conversion to nitrates results in a minimal NO_(x) release between the temperatures of 150-200℃.The nitrate formed via lattice oxygen mainly induces the NO_(x) to be released as NO_(2) within a temperature range of 200-350℃,which is advantageous in enhancing the NO_(x) activity of downstream NH_(3)-SCR catalysts,by boosting the fast SCR reaction *** to its low cost,considerable NO_(x) absorption capacity,and optimal release temperature,Co_(3)O_(4)demonstrates potential as an effective material for passive NO_(x) adsorber applications.

关键词： emission control Cold-start Low-temperature adsorption Co_(3)O_(4) Nitrate formation

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