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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zhang, Chi Wang, Linzhang Rigger, Manuel State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Department of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing University Nanjing China National University of Singapore Singapore

Datalog is a popular and widely-used declarative logic programming language. Datalog engines apply many cross-rule optimizations;bugs in them can cause incorrect results. To detect such optimization bugs, we propose an automated testing approach called Incremental Rule Evaluation (IRE), which synergistically tackles the test oracle and test case generation problem. The core idea behind the test oracle is to compare the results of an optimized program and a program without cross-rule optimization;any difference indicates a bug in the Datalog engine. Our core insight is that, for an optimized, incrementally-generated Datalog program, we can evaluate all rules individually by constructing a reference program to disable the optimizations that are performed among multiple rules. Incrementally generating test cases not only allows us to apply the test oracle for every new rule generated—we also can ensure that every newly added rule generates a non-empty result with a given probability and eschew recomputing already-known facts. We implemented IRE as a tool named Deopt, and evaluated Deopt on four mature Datalog engines, namely Soufflé, CozoDB, µZ, and DDlog, and discovered a total of 30 bugs. Of these, 13 were logic bugs, while the remaining were crash and error bugs. Deopt can detect all bugs found by queryFuzz, a state-of-the-art approach. Out of the bugs identified by Deopt, queryFuzz might be unable to detect 5. Our incremental test case generation approach is efficient;for example, for test cases containing 60 rules, our incremental approach can produce 1.17× (for DDlog) to 31.02× (for Soufflé) as many valid test cases with non-empty results as the naive random method. We believe that the simplicity and the generality of the approach will lead to its wide adoption in practice. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Engines

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EdgeAuth: An intelligent token-based collaborative authentication scheme

EdgeAuth: An intelligent token-based collaborative authentic...

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作者： Jiang, Xutong Dou, Ruihan He, Qiang Zhang, Xuyun Dou, Wanchun State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Nanjing China Faculty of Mathematics University of Waterloo Waterloo Canada Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Swinburne University of Technology Melbourne Australia Department of Computing Macquarie University Sydney Australia College of Big Data and Intelligent Engineering Southwest Forestry University China

Edge computing is regarded as an extension of cloud computing that brings computing and storage resources to the network edge. For some Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) applications such as supply-chain supervision and collaboration, Internet of Vehicles, real-time video analysis and so forth, users should be authenticated before visiting the geographically distributed edge servers. Limited by the considerable latency between the cloud and edge servers, and the limited capacity of edge servers, it is infeasible to copy the authentication method from cloud servers when users are authenticated in edge servers. In view of this challenge, this paper proposes a novel token-based authentication scheme, named EdgeAuth, that enables fast edge user authentication through collaboration among cloud servers and edge servers. Under the EdgeAuth scheme, edge servers can rapidly verify the credentials of users who have been authenticated by the cloud server. EdgeAuth can also protect users from a series of authentication attacks, for example, the replay attack, DoS attack and man-in-the-middle attack. The results of experiments conducted on a simulated edge computing environment validate the usefulness of EdgeAuth through a comparison in latency and throughput against two baseline schemes. © 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

关键词： Authentication

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MIRROR: Model Inversion for Deep Learning Network with High Fidelity 29

MIRROR: Model Inversion for Deep Learning Network with High ...

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29th Annual Network and Distributed System Security Symposium, NDSS 2022

作者： An, Shengwei Tao, Guanhong Xu, Qiuling Liu, Yingqi Shen, Guangyu Yao, Yuan Xu, Jingwei Zhang, Xiangyu Department of Computer Science Purdue University United States State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University China

ISBN: (纸本)1891562746

Model inversion reverse-engineers input samples from a given model, and hence poses serious threats to information confidentiality. We propose a novel inversion technique based on StyleGAN, whose generator has a special architecture that forces the decomposition of an input to styles of various granularities such that the model can learn them separately in training. During sample generation, the generator transforms a latent value to parameters controlling these styles to compose a sample. In our inversion, given a target label of some subject model to invert (e.g., a private face based identity recognition model), our technique leverages a StyleGAN trained on public data from the same domain (e.g., a public human face dataset), uses the gradient descent or genetic search algorithm, together with distribution based clipping, to find a proper parameterization of the styles such that the generated sample is correctly classified to the target label (by the subject model) and recognized by humans. The results show that our inverted samples have high fidelity, substantially better than those by existing state-of-the-art techniques. © 2022 29th Annual Network and Distributed System Security Symposium, NDSS 2022. All Rights Reserved.

关键词： Genetic algorithms

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eSROP Attack: Leveraging Signal Handler to Implement Turing-Complete Attack Under CFI Defense 1

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18th EAI International Conference on Security and Privacy in Communication Networks, SecureComm 2022

作者： Zhang, Tianning Cai, Miao Zhang, Diming Huang, Hao Department of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing University Nanjing China State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Nanjing China Key Laboratory of Water Big Data Technology of Ministry of Water Resources Hohai University Nanjing China School of Computer and Information Hohai University Nanjing China College of Computer Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Nanjing China

ISBN: (数字)9783031255380

ISBN: (纸本)9783031255373

Signal Return Oriented Programming (SROP) is a dangerous code reuse attack method. Recently, defense techniques have been proposed to defeat SROP attacks. In this paper, we leverage the signal nesting mechanism provided by current operating systems and propose a new variant of SROP attack called enhanced SROP (eSROP) attack. eSROP provides the ability of invoking arbitrary system calls, simulating Turing-complete computation, and even bypassing the fine-grained label-based CFI defense, without modifying the return address and instruction register in the signal frame. Because the signal returns to the interrupted instruction, the shadow stack defense can hardly detect our attack. Signal has strong flexibility which can interrupt the normal control flow. We leverage such flexibility to design a new code reuse attack. To evaluate eSROP, we perform two exploits on two real-world programs, namely Proftpd and Wu-ftpd. In our attacks, adversaries can invoke arbitrary system calls and obtain a root shell. Both attacks succeed within 10 min under strict system defense such as data execution prevention, address space layout randomization, and coarse-grained control flow integrity. © 2023, ICST Institute for computer sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering.

关键词： Network security

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A Comprehensive Survey on Communication-Efficient Federated Learning in Mobile Edge Environments

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IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials 2025年

作者： Jia, Ninghui Qu, Zhihao Ye, Baoliu Wang, Yanyan Hu, Shihong Guo, Song Hohai University Key Laboratory of Water Big Data Technology of Ministry of Water Resources College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Nanjing211100 China Nanjing University State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Department of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing210023 China The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Kowloon Hong Kong

In traditional centralized machine learning, transmitting raw data to a cloud center incurs high communication costs and raises privacy concerns. This is particularly challenging in mobile edge environments, where devices are dynamic and resource-constrained. Federated Learning (FL) addresses these issues by allowing devices to train models locally and upload parameters to a central server without sharing local data. However, limited wireless channel resources and dynamic transmission performance make communication overhead a major bottleneck of FL in mobile edge environments. Concerning this challenge, this survey provides a comprehensive summary of methods to improve communication efficiency in FL, focusing on: 1) minimizing communication complexity to reduce total transmission volume, 2) scheduling resources appropriately to improve training efficiency, 3) utilizing over-the-air computation (OTA) to integrate computation into communication for accommodating the computation/communication characteristics of FL in mobile edge environments. Thus, this work analyzes research from the perspective of convergence and data heterogeneity to reduce communication rounds by optimizing algorithm performance. We hope that this survey could offer insights into communication-efficient FL for future research. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Federated learning

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Non-stationary online learning with memory and non-stochastic control

The Journal of Machine Learning Research

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The Journal of Machine Learning Research 2023年第1期24卷 9831-9900页

作者： Peng Zhao Yu-Hu Yan Yu-Xiang Wang Zhi-Hua Zhou National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Nanjing China Department of Computer Science University of California Santa Barbara CA

We study the problem of Online Convex Optimization (OCO) with memory, which allows loss functions to depend on past decisions and thus captures temporal effects of learning problems. In this paper, we introduce dynamic policy regret as the performance measure to design algorithms robust to non-stationary environments, which competes algorithms' decisions with a sequence of changing comparators. We propose a novel algorithm for OCO with memory that provably enjoys an optimal dynamic policy regret in terms of time horizon, non-stationarity measure, and memory length. The key technical challenge is how to control the switching cost, the cumulative movements of player's decisions, which is neatly addressed by a novel switching-cost-aware online ensemble approach equipped with a new meta-base decomposition of dynamic policy regret and a careful design of meta-learner and base-learner that explicitly regularizes the switching cost. The results are further applied to tackle non-stationarity in online non-stochastic control (Agarwal et al., 2019), i.e., controlling a linear dynamical system with adversarial disturbance and convex cost functions. We derive a novel gradient-based controller with dynamic policy regret guarantees, which is the first controller provably competitive to a sequence of changing policies for online non-stochastic control.

关键词： online learning online convex optimization with memory online non-stochastic control non-stationary environments dynamic policy regret online ensemble

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BPMN++: Comprehensive Business Process Modeling for Industrial Internet Application 20

BPMN++: Comprehensive Business Process Modeling for Industri...

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20th IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing with Applications, 12th IEEE International Conference on Big Data and Cloud Computing, 12th IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Computing and Communications and 15th IEEE International Conference on Social Computing and Networking, ISPA/BDCloud/SocialCom/SustainCom 2022

作者： Cheng, Hangyu Kang, Guosheng Liu, Jianxun Wen, Yiping Cao, Buqing Wang, Zhen School of Computer Science and Engineering Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan China Hnust Hunan Provincial Key Lab. for Services Computing and Novel Software Technology Xiangtan China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665464970

Business process management is the end-to-end business process modeling, analysis, and optimization to achieve business goals. Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) is usually used to represent business process models. However, BPMN cannot support the intuitive modeling for some typical tasks in complex business scenarios of the Industrial Internet context, increasing the communication cost between modelers and business personnel. The current solutions try to extend the attributes of BPMN elements with annotations, but a large number of annotations makes business process models complex and cumbersome. This paper proposes to extend new business process modeling elements for Industrial Internet application scenarios based on BPMN extension mechanism, generating an extended business process modeling language, namely BPMN++. And an extended process modeling tool is implemented, which is available online. A case study over a real-world Industrial Internet process validates the usefulness of this extension mechanism and the well understandability of business process models. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Modeling languages

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Deep Semantic and Attentive Network for Unsupervised Video Summarization

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ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications and Applications 2022年第2期18卷 1-21页

作者： Zhong, Sheng-Hua Lin, Jingxu Lu, Jianglin Fares, Ahmed Ren, Tongwei College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China Department of Electrical Engineering Computer Systems Engineering Program Faculty of Engineering at Shoubra Benha University Cairo Egypt State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China

With the rapid growth of video data, video summarization is a promising approach to shorten a lengthy video into a compact version. Although supervised summarization approaches have achieved state-of-the-art performance, they require frame-level annotated labels. Such an annotation process is time-consuming and tedious. In this article, we propose a novel deep summarization framework named Deep Semantic and Attentive Network for Video Summarization (DSAVS) that can select the most semantically representative summary by minimizing the distance between video representation and text representation without any frame-level labels. Another challenge associated with video summarization tasks mainly originates from the difficulty of considering temporal information over a long time. Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) performs well for temporal dependencies modeling but does not work well with long video clips. Therefore, we introduce a self-attention mechanism into our summarization framework to capture the long-range temporal dependencies among the frames. Extensive experiments on two popular benchmark datasets, i.e., SumMe and TVSum, show that our proposed framework outperforms other state-of-the-art unsupervised approaches and even most supervised methods. © 2022 Association for Computing Machinery.

关键词： Semantics

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Long- and Short- Term Sequential Recommendation with Temporal Interval 19

Long- and Short- Term Sequential Recommendation with Tempora...

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2022 IEEE SmartWorld, 19th IEEE International Conference on Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing, 2022 IEEE International Conference on Autonomous and Trusted Vehicles Conference, 22nd IEEE International Conference on Scalable Computing and Communications, 2022 IEEE International Conference on Digital Twin, 8th IEEE International Conference on Privacy Computing and 2022 IEEE International Conference on Metaverse, SmartWorld/UIC/ATC/ScalCom/DigitalTwin/PriComp/Metaverse 2022

作者： He, Kun Liu, Qiyan Li, Qianmu Meng, Shunmei Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China University of Toronto Computer Engineering Canada Nanjing University State Key Lab. for Novel Software Technology Nanjing China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350346558

Sequential recommendation aims to learn the changes of users' interests according to their historical behaviors and predict the most likely next item. Since user's historical behavior are sequential actions, user's interest in different time periods has different emphases. For predicting a user's next item, not only the recent behavior is important, but also long-term preference with all historical behaviors could not be ignored. Recently, self-attention based user preference modeling has drawn much attention for its advantages of fewer parameters and parallelism. However, most of the existing self-attention based model do not make a good distinction between the long-term and short-term preferences of users. Based on the observations, we design a sequential recommendation model based on a combination of long-term and short-term preference. On the one hand, considering the changes of users' interests in different periods, we divide the sequence of users' behaviors into different temporal windows. Then, we use GRU to capture users' interests in different temporal window. On the other hand, to better combine the global and local information of user's, we adopt a locally constrained multi-head attention mechanism based on Transformer encoder. On three real-world public datasets, we finally validate the efficacy of our method. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： User profile

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Lightweight Approaches to DNN Regression Error Reduction: An Uncertainty Alignment Perspective

Lightweight Approaches to DNN Regression Error Reduction: An...

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International Conference on software Engineering (ICSE)

作者： Zenan Li Maorun Zhang Jingwei Xu Yuan Yao Chun Cao Taolue Chen Xiaoxing Ma Jian Lü Department of Computer Science and Technology State Key Lab of Novel Software Technology Nanjing University China Department of Computer Science Birkbeck University of London UK

Regression errors of Deep Neural Network (DNN) models refer to the case that predictions were correct by the old-version model but wrong by the new-version model. They frequently occur when upgrading DNN models in production systems, causing disproportionate user experience degradation. In this paper, we propose a lightweight regression error reduction approach with two goals: 1) requiring no model retraining and even data, and 2) not sacrificing the accuracy. The proposed approach is built upon the key insight rooted in the unmanaged model uncertainty, which is intrinsic to DNN models, but has not been thoroughly explored especially in the context of quality assurance of DNN models. Specifically, we propose a simple yet effective ensemble strategy that estimates and aligns the two models' uncertainty. We show that a Pareto improvement that reduces the regression errors without compromising the overall accuracy can be guaranteed in theory and largely achieved in practice. Comprehensive experiments with various representative models and datasets confirm that our approaches significantly outperform the state-of-the-art alternatives.

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