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Record High Temperatures in the Ocean in 2024

Advances in Atmospheric sciences 2025年第06期 1092-1109页

作者： Lijing CHENG John ABRAHAM Kevin E.TRENBERTH James REAGAN Huai-Min ZHANG Andrea STORTO Karina VON SCHUCKMANN Yuying PAN Yujing ZHU Michael E.MANN Jiang ZHU Fan WANG Fujiang YU Ricardo LOCARNINI John FASULLO Boyin HUANG Garrett GRAHAM Xungang YIN Viktor GOURETSKI Fei ZHENG Yuanlong LI Bin ZHANG Liying WAN Xingrong CHEN Dakui WANG Licheng FENG Xiangzhou SONG Yulong LIU Franco RESEGHETTI Simona SIMONCELLI Gengxin CHEN Rongwang ZHANG Alexey MISHONOV Zhetao TAN Wangxu WEI Huifeng YUAN Guancheng LI Qiuping REN Lijuan CAO Yayang LU Juan DU Kewei LYU Albertus SULAIMAN Michael MAYER Huizan WANG Zhanhong MA Senliang BAO Henqian YAN Zenghong LIU Chunxue YANG Xu LIU Zeke HAUSFATHER Tanguy SZEKELY Flora GUES National Key Laboratory of Earth System Numerical Modeling and Application Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences University of St. Thomas School of Engineering NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research University of Auckland National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental Information National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR) Mercator Ocean International Department of Earth and Environmental Science University of Pennsylvania Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center Ministry of Natural Resources of China North Carolina Institute for Climate Studies (NCICS) North Carolina State University Oceanographic Data Center Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Oceanography Hohai University National Marine Data and Information Service Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica eVulcanologia Sede di Bologna South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences ESSIC/CISESS-MD University of Maryland Computer Network Information Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Eco-Environmental Monitoring and Research Center Pearl River Valley and South China Sea Ecology and Environment Administration Ministry of Ecology and Environment National Meteorological Information Center China Meteorological Administration International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals Xiamen University Research Center for Climate and Atmosphere National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Research Department European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Department of Meteorology and Geophysics University of Vienna College of Meteorology and Oceanography National University of Defense Technology State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural Resources Stripe Inc. South San Francisco Ocean Scope CELAD

Heating in the ocean has continued in 2024 in response to increased greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere,despite the transition from an El Ni?o to neutral conditions. In 2024, both global sea surface temperature(SST) and upper2000 m ocean heat content(OHC) reached unprecedented highs in the historical record. The 0–2000 m OHC in 2024exceeded that of 2023 by 16 ± 8 ZJ(1 Zetta Joules = 1021 Joules, with a 95% confidence interval)(IAP/CAS data), which is confirmed by two other data products: 18 ± 7 ZJ(CIGAR-RT reanalysis data) and 40 ± 31 ZJ(Copernicus Marine data,updated to November 2024). The Indian Ocean, tropical Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea, North Atlantic, North Pacific, and Southern Ocean also experienced record-high OHC values in 2024. The global SST continued its record-high values from2023 into the first half of 2024, and declined slightly in the second half of 2024, resulting in an annual mean of 0.61°C ±0.02°C(IAP/CAS data) above the 1981–2010 baseline, slightly higher than the 2023 annual-mean value(by 0.07°C ±0.02°C for IAP/CAS, 0.05°C ± 0.02°C for NOAA/NCEI, and 0.06°C ± 0.11°C for Copernicus Marine). The record-high values of 2024 SST and OHC continue to indicate unabated trends of global heating.

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Periodic Structures and Its Interaction to EM Wave Spectrum, Ideas From X-Ray to MW Wave

Periodic Structures and Its Interaction to EM Wave Spectrum,...

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2022 International Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Symposium, ACES-China 2022

作者： Tang, Yunhui Gao, Lu Wang, Ruzhi Zhang, Shengjun Song, Hang Zhang, Yuning Ai, Xia Xie, Lei Jiao, Luting Zhang, Xiaoling He, Jing Liu, Jiaqi Beijing University of Technology Beijing China National Key Laboratory of Science & Technology on Test Physics and Numerical Mathematics Beijing China Beijing Institute of Space Long March Vehicle Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665452366

X-ray is an important tool for characterizing materials, which is based on the idea that all crystals are composed of atoms or molecules stacking in a particular type, basically expressing as unit cell, diffracting the incident ray with a proper type. In analogue, the periodic structures which are mostly constructed artificially show special desired properties, such as the properties of grating, frequency selective surfaces, metamaterials and metasurface. In this paper, A study was done on the insight of the relation of wave interaction with periodic structures based on X-ray diffraction and control of electromagnetic waves. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Periodic structures

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Automatic MHT Method Based on Target Characteristics Applied in the Small Space Targets

Automatic MHT Method Based on Target Characteristics Applied...

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2018 3rd International Conference on Design, Mechanical and Material Engineering (D2ME 2018)

作者： Qian ZHAO Zhenhong NIU Lian XUE Xin LIU Jianhua LI Zhifeng LI National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Test Physics & Numerical Mathematics

The Multi-Hypothesis Tracking(MHT) method is one of the most promising approaches to realize automatic tracking of small and dim targets in complex space ***,the number of hypotheses generated by this algorithm has an exponentially increasing relationship with the number of trajectories,measurement data,and the number of image *** the paper,the automatic detection and tracking method of judging the confidence coefficient of the trajectory obtained by the MHT which is based on the characteristics of dim targets,has been realized in the IRST *** performance of this method is greatly improved.

关键词： image Automatic MHT Method Based on Target Characteristics Applied in the Small Space Targets MHT Target

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Station Layout Optimization Genetic Algorithm for Four Stations TDOA Location

Station Layout Optimization Genetic Algorithm for Four Stati...

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第二届人工智能、网络与信息技术国际研讨会

作者： Ruiqi Sun Zhonghang He Lu Gao Jinliang Bai National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Test Physics and Numerical Mathematics

Station layout has a direct impact on localization precision for four-station TDOA(time difference of arrival) location system. In order to optimize the overall location precision of targets in certain area, genetic algorithm for station layout optimization is presented. GDOP is regarded as the measurement rule of location precision. Then the multi-object programming mathematical model of station layout optimization is built. The optimal solution is searched by genetic algorithm. Consequently, the optimal layout of station is obtained. The simulation provides the GDOP distribution of two station layouts. One is the initial station layout, and the other is the optimal station layout. The simulation results show that for the optimal station layout, the effect of improving the location precision is obvious, and also indicate the validity of genetic algorithm.

关键词： Station Layout Optimization Genetic Algorithm for Four Stations TDOA Location

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numerical simulation based on two-directional freeze and thaw algorithm for thermal diffusion model

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Applied mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2016年第11期37卷 1467-1478页

作者： Junqiang GAO Zhenghui XIE Aiwen WANG Zhendong LUO State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences School of Mathematics and Physics North China Electric Power University School of Applied Science Beijing Information and Science Technology University

Freeze-thaw processes significantly modulate hydraulic and thermal char- acteristics of soil. The changes in the frost and thaw fronts （FTFs） affect the water and energy cycles between the land surface and the atmosphere. Thus, the frozen soil com- prising permafrost and seasonally frozen soil has important effects on the land surface hydrology in cold regions. In this study, a two-directional freeze and thaw algorithm is incorporated into a thermal diffusion equation for simulating FTFs. A local adaptive variable-grid method is used to discretize the model. Sensitivity tests demonstrate that the method is stable and FTFs can be tracked continuously. The FTFs and soil tempera- ture at the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau D66 site are simulated hourly from September 1, 1997 to September 22, 1998. The results show that the incorporated model performs much better in the soil temperature simulation than the original thermal diffusion equation, showing potential applications of the method in land-surface process modeling.

关键词： freeze and thaw algorithm frost and thaw front （FTF） sensitivity test,thermal diffusion equation

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Anisotropic and mutable magnetization in Kondo lattice CeSb2

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Chinese physics B 2017年第6期26卷 319-323页

作者：张云朱燮刚胡丙锋谭世勇谢东华冯卫刘琴张文刘瑜宋海峰罗丽珠张政军赖新春 Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua University Key Laboratory of Neutron Physics Institute of Nuclear Physics and ChemistryChina Academy of Engineering Physics Laboratory of Computational Physics Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Software Center for High Performance Numerical Simulation China Academy of Engineering Physics Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE) School of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua University

We have systematically studied the behaviors of the resistivity and magnetization of CeSb2 single crystals as a function of temperature and external field. Four anomalies in the resistivity/magnetization-versus-temperature curves are observed at low magnetic field. They are located at 15.5 K, 11.5 K, 9.5 K, and 6.5 K, corresponding to the paramagnetic–magnetically ordered state（MO）, MO-antiferromagnetic（AFM）, AFM–AFM, and AFM–ferromagnetic（FM） transitions, *** anomaly at 9.5 K is only visible with H‖[010] by magnetic susceptibility measurements, indicating that the AFM–AFM transition only happens along [010] direction in ab-plane. The four magnetic transitions are strongly suppressed by high external field. Finally, the field-temperature phase diagrams of CeSb2 with different orientations of the applied field in ab-plane are constructed and indicate the highly anisotropic nature of the magnetization of CeSb2.

关键词： CeSb2 electronic properties magnetic properties

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Pulse Phase Modulation for On-Off Thruster Pair

Pulse Phase Modulation for On-Off Thruster Pair

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IEEE Aerospace Conference

作者： Runle Du Jiaqi Liu Li Zhang Lu Gao National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Test Physics and Numerical Mathematics

ISBN: (纸本)9781479916191

On-Off thrusters have limitation both at minimum on-time and minimum off-time, so the output is nonlinear pulses. Use on-off thrusters to provide linear or near linear control force is a fundamental and important research topic. Existing previous works do not overcome the limitation of on-time and off-time constraints, so the output is only an approximation of demanded force output. In this paper, Pulse Phase modulation (PP) is proposed to generate linear output through on-off thruster pair. PP modulation exploited the dynamic output curve of thrusters. By adjusting phase difference of thruster pair that installed in the opposite direction, thrust output can be linear proportional to demanded force output. PP modulation breaks the limitation caused by minimum on-time and off-time, and thus achieves high continuity of thrust output. For practical engineering implementation, two approximate methods are proposed as double frequency phase modulation and quadruple frequency phase modulation. Theoretical analysis and experimental results are provided to prove that PP modulation can yield much better precision in stabilizing space vehicles.

关键词： THRUSTER phase modulation on-off Punctuality phase difference Output off time Time constraints Polypropylenes Space vehicles Pairing

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Suppressing the effects of ionospheric scintillation on geosynchronous SAR by optimised orbit design

Suppressing the effects of ionospheric scintillation on geos...

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2017 International Conference on Radar Systems, Radar 2017

作者： Li, YuanHao Liu, XiangRong Hu, Cheng Dong, XiChao School of Information and Electronics Beijing Institute of Technology 100081 China National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Test Physics and Numerical Mathematics 100076 China Beijing Key Laboratory of Embedded Real-time information Processing Technology 100081 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781785615153

An L band geosynchronous synthetic aperture radar (GEO SAR) will be sensitive to ionosphere scintillation because of its low carrier frequency. Meanwhile, because of the high orbit, GEO SAR has a higher probability to meet ionospheric scintillation. In this paper, we propose an orbit strategy for eliminating the impacts of ionospheric scintillation. It is realized by selecting a proper orbit element (time past perigee) to avoid imaging for the sensitive region of ionospheric scintillation during the eruption time interval of ionospheric scintillation with the highest probability. Finally, the simulation based on systems tool kit (STK) software was conducted to verify the effectiveness of the method. © 2017 Institution of Engineering and technology. All rights reserved.

关键词： Synthetic aperture radar

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Simulations of dissolved oxygen concentration in CMIP5 Earth system models

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2016年第12期35卷 28-37页

作者： BAO Ying LI Yangchun The First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Science

The climatologies of dissolved oxygen concentration in the ocean simulated by nine Earth system models(ESMs) from the historical emission driven experiment of CMIP5(Phase 5 of the Climate Model Intercomparison Project) are quantitatively evaluated by comparing the simulated oxygen to the WOA09 observation based on common statistical metrics. At the sea surface, distribution of dissolved oxygen is well simulated by all nine ESMs due to well-simulated sea surface temperature(SST), with both globally-averaged error and root mean square error(RMSE) close to zero, and both correlation coefficients and normalized standard deviation close to 1. However, the model performance differs from each other at the intermediate depth and deep ocean where important water masses exist. At the depth of 500 to 1 000 m where the oxygen minimum zones(OMZs) exist, all ESMs show a maximum of globally-averaged error and RMSE, and a minimum of the spatial correlation coefficient. In the ocean interior, the reason for model biases is complicated, and both the meridional overturning circulation(MOC) and the particulate organic carbon flux contribute to the biases of dissolved oxygen distribution. Analysis results show the physical bias contributes more. Simulation bias of important water masses such as North Atlantic Deep Water(NADW), Antarctic Bottom Water(AABW) and North Pacific Intermediate Water(NPIW) indicated by distributions of MOCs greatly affects the distributions of oxygen in north Atlantic, Southern Ocean and north Pacific, *** the model simulations of oxygen differ greatly from each other in the ocean interior, the multi-model mean shows a better agreement with the observation.

关键词： dissolved oxygen CMIP5 Earth system model meridional overturning circulation particulate organic carbon flux

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The Design of Large Arc-shape High-precision Walking Device in TV(thermal-vacuum) Conditions

The Design of Large Arc-shape High-precision Walking Device ...

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2018 3rd International Conference on Design, Mechanical and Material Engineering (D2ME 2018)

作者： Xue Lian Nan Hua Liu Jiaqi Liu Xin Meng Gang National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Test Physics & Numerical Mathematics

The large-sized space environmental simulation test facility is mainly used for providing thermal radiation environment in high-vacuum,cold and dark space for satellites,spacecraft,lunar spacecraft to carry out whole satellite thermal vacuum test and for large equipment like antenna to carry out tests in TV *** the spacecraft's surface optical image or temperature is a main task in space environment simulation *** previous tests,optical image test mainly took place in a fixed position,so the measuring location and angle are *** paper focuses on large spherical space environmental simulation test facility,and designs a large arc-shape high-precision walking device in a space environment simulation test *** introduces key technology in detail like structure design,thermal design,processes and manufacturing,*** test results show that this device can work steadily and reliably under simulation space environments,and the precision exceeds 0.5.

关键词： thermal-vacuum Conditions The Design of Large Arc-shape High-precision Walking Device in TV Arc

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