To address the limitations of the FDNA approach, in this paper, we analyze the dependency of the receiver node on the feeder nodes as well as the impact of the node's operability level on the system effectiveness,...
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Attributed to the intense development and complexity in electronic devices,energy dissipation is becoming more essential *** carbonaceous materials particularly graphene(Gr)-based thermal interface materials(TIMs)are ...
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Attributed to the intense development and complexity in electronic devices,energy dissipation is becoming more essential *** carbonaceous materials particularly graphene(Gr)-based thermal interface materials(TIMs)are exceptional in heat ***,because of the anisotropic behavior of Gr in composites,the TIMs having outstanding through-plane thermal conductivity(┴TC)are needed to fulfill the upcoming innovation in numerous *** order to achieve this,herein,nano-urethane linkage-based modified Gr and carbon fibers architecture termed as nanourethane linkage(NUL)-Gr/carbon fibers(CFs)is ***,toluene diisocyanate is utilized to develop a novel but simple NUL to shape a new interface between graphene ***,the prepared composite of NUL-Gr/CFs with polyvinylidene fluoride matrix shows outstanding performance in heat *** to the unique structure of NUL-Gr/CFs,an unprecedented value of┴TC(~7.96 W·m^–1·K^–1)is achieved at a low filler fraction of 13.8 wt.%which translates into an improvement of^3,980%of pristine *** achieved outcomes elucidate the significance of the covalent interaction between graphene sheets as well as strong bonding among graphene and matrix in the composites and manifest the potential of proposed NUL-Gr/CFs architecture for practical applications.
New challenges are emerging in fine-scale air quality modeling in China due to a lack of high-resolution emission ***,only a few emission sources have accurate geographic locations(point sources),while a large part of...
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New challenges are emerging in fine-scale air quality modeling in China due to a lack of high-resolution emission ***,only a few emission sources have accurate geographic locations(point sources),while a large part of sources,including industrial plants,are estimated as provincial totals(area sources)and spatially disaggregated onto grid cells based on proxies;this approach is reasonable to some extent but is highly questionable at fine spatial ***,we compile a new comprehensive point source database that includes nearly 100,000 industrial facilities in *** couple it with the frame of Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China(MEIC),estimate point source emissions,combine point and area sources,and finally map China’s anthropogenic emissions of 2013 at the spatial resolution of 30’’*30’’(~1 km).Consequently,the percentages of point source emissions in the total emissions increase from less than 30%in the MEIC up to a maximum of 84%for SO_(2)in *** new point source-based emission maps show the uncoupled distribution of emissions and populations in space at fine spatial scales,however,such a pattern cannot be reproduced by any spatial proxy used in the conventional emissions *** new accurate high-resolution emission mapping approach reduces the modeled biases of air pollutant concentrations in the densely populated areas compared to the raw MEIC inventory,thus improving the assessment of population exposure.
With rapid economic growth and urbanization, the Yangtze River Delta(YRD) region in China has experienced serious air pollution challenges. In this study, we analyzed the air pollution characteristics and their relati...
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With rapid economic growth and urbanization, the Yangtze River Delta(YRD) region in China has experienced serious air pollution challenges. In this study, we analyzed the air pollution characteristics and their relationship with emissions and meteorology in the YRD region during 2014–2016. In recent years, the concentrations of all air pollutants, except O3,decreased. Spatially, the PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and CO concentrations were higher in the northern YRD region, and NO2 and O3 were higher in the central YRD region. Based on the number of non-attainment days(i.e., days with air quality index greater than 100), PM2.5 was the largest contributor to air pollution in the YRD region, followed by O3, PM10, and ***, particulate matter pollution has declined gradually, while O3 pollution *** conditions mainly influenced day-to-day variations in pollutant concentrations. PM2.5 concentration was inversely related to wind speed, while O3 concentration was positively correlated with temperature and negatively correlated with relative *** air quality improvement in recent years was mainly attributed to emission *** 2014–2016, PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NOx, CO, NH3, and volatile organic compound(VOC)emissions in the YRD region were reduced by 26.3%, 29.2%, 32.4%, 8.1%, 15.9%, 4.5%, and0.3%, respectively. Regional transport also contributed to the air pollution. During regional haze periods, pollutants from North China and East China aggravated the pollution in the YRD region. Our findings suggest that emission reduction and regional joint prevention and control helped to improve the air quality in the YRD region.
Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved remarkable performance across a wide range of applications, while they are vulnerable to adversarial examples, which motivates the evaluation and benchmark of model robustness...
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In recent years, the development and deployment of the U.S. weapon equipment systems-of-systems (SoS) have yielded rich research results. However, there are still large gaps in the SoS development, joint testing, and ...
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In recent years, the development and deployment of the U.S. weapon equipment systems-of-systems (SoS) have yielded rich research results. However, there are still large gaps in the SoS development, joint testing, and design and acquisition of our own equipment SoS. The barriers of these steps have not yet been opened up. This article mainly analyzes the solutions of the U.S. weapon equipment SoS from three aspects, such as capability-based requirement generation and architecture design technology, interconnected-oriented integration test technology, and weapon equipment design and acquisition technology based on complex adaptive systems. We explore key technologies involved in order to form an overall understanding and explore related research approaches.
Detecting high-speed, small targets in air is challenging due to their complex non-linear motion model and range migration effects. Traditional finite order polynomial models often fail to account for atmospheric drag...
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Food systems are deeply affected by climate change and air pollution, while being key contributors to these environmental challenges. Understanding the complex interactions among food systems, climate change, and air ...
Food systems are deeply affected by climate change and air pollution, while being key contributors to these environmental challenges. Understanding the complex interactions among food systems, climate change, and air pollution is crucial for mitigating climate change, improving air quality, and promoting the sustainable development of food systems. However, the literature lacks a comprehensive review of these interactions, particularly in the current phase of rapid development in the field. To address this gap, this study systematically reviews recent research on the impacts of climate change and air pollution on food systems, as well as the greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions from agri-food systems and their contribution to global climate change and air pollution. In addition, this study summarizes various strategies for mitigation and adaptation, including adjustments in agricultural practices and food supply chains. Profound changes in food systems are urgently needed to enhance adaptability and reduce emissions. This review offers a critical overview of current research on the interactions among food systems, climate change, and air pollution and highlights future research directions to support the transition to sustainable food systems.
Due to profound impact on climate and human health,air quality has attracted attention from all levels of the civil *** key step in the provision of required tools for the society to tackle the complex air quality pro...
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Due to profound impact on climate and human health,air quality has attracted attention from all levels of the civil *** key step in the provision of required tools for the society to tackle the complex air quality problem is to characterize it in a comprehensive manner with a long-term ***,we describe a continuous and comprehensive observation station and its accompanying state-ofthe-art instrumentation that was established to investigate the complex urban atmospheric environment in a rapidly developing Chinese *** station,located in downtown Beijing,aims to study air quality by identifying the major atmospheric pollutants and key processes determining their formation and loss mechanisms.A few hundreds of parameters are continuously measured with the state-of-the-art instruments,including trace gas concentrations,aerosol particle size distributions,and mass concentrations,covering aerosol particle chemical composition from molecules to micrometer-sized aerosol *** produced long-term,comprehensive big data with around 1�10^(11)bytes per *** this paper,we provide an overview on the facilities of the station,the instrumentation used,the workflow of continuous observations and examples of results from 2018 to 2019 and a basis for establishing a modern long-term,comprehensive atmospheric urban observation station in other megacities.
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