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Deep learning-based reconstruction of monthly Antarctic surface air temperatures from 1979 to 2023

Scientific data 2025年第1期12卷 847页

作者： Ziqi Ma Jianbin Huang Xiangdong Zhang Yong Luo Tingfeng Dou Minghu Ding School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen University and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai) Zhuhai 519082 China. Beijing Yanshan Earth Critical Zone National Research Station University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101408 China. jbh@***. College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101408 China. jbh@***. NOAA CISESS North Carolina State University Asheville NC 28801 USA. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China. State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou Gansu 730000 China. College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101408 China. Key Laboratory of Earth System Numerical Modeling and Application Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100864 China. State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 China.

Gridded surface air temperature (SAT) data for Antarctica is a crucial foundation for studying climate change in the region. However, significant discrepancies exist between the available Antarctic gridded temperature datasets, particularly regarding the spatial distribution characteristics of long-term temperature trends. In this paper, we develop a new, regularly updated, spatio-temporally complete Antarctic monthly SAT dataset from 1979 onwards, with a spatial resolution of 1° x 1° in latitude and longitude, from multiple sources of in situ observations using deep learning method. Deep learning model was trained with daily SATs from three global reanalysis datasets. The reconstructed Antarctic SATs were successfully validated using data from staffed and automated meteorological stations, demonstrating a closer match with observations, particularly in capturing the patterns of temperature trends. This dataset represents a new advance in the development of Antarctic observational climate dataset and is an important resource that underpins research across diverse scientific disciplines, facilitating a deeper understanding of the Antarctic climate system and its global implications.

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Revisiting Unstable ENSO Teleconnections From a Global Perspective

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Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 2025年第10期130卷

作者： Jiapeng Miao Xian Wu Dabang Jiang Xiangzhou Song Tao Wang Xinping Xu Observation and Research Station of Air-Sea Interface Ministry of Natural Resources Hohai University Nanjing China Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster (KLME) Ministry of Education & Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC–FEMD) Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing China Department of Sustainable Earth Systems Sciences The University of Texas at Dallas Richardson Texas USA State Key Laboratory of Earth System Numerical Modeling and Application Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China School of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China

The impacts of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on regional climate may vary from decade to decade. Here, we quantify these unstable ENSO impacts on a global scale by calculating the range of possible correlation coefficients (CCs) between the Niño-3.4 index and climate anomalies in boreal winter at each ∼1° grid point of the globe over any 31-year running time windows during 1880–2014. In observations, the CCs between the Niño-3.4 index and surface air temperature (SAT)/precipitation are significantly unstable at a 95% confidence level over 74.7%/73.6% of the globe, respectively, mainly over tropical Indian and Atlantic Oceans, Africa, Australia, North America, and Eurasia. Further Analyses on Community earth system Model version 2 pacemaker simulations suggest that after the non-ENSO-related internal variability is largely removed, the simulated CCs are always significant over most of the tropics and North America. This suggests that internal variability is essential for driving unstable ENSO teleconnections over these regions mainly by modulating the Southern Oscillation and Pacific-North American teleconnections. Our findings on the nonstationary impacts of ENSO have important implications for understanding and enhancing global seasonal forecast skill. Approximately 74% of the world experiences unstable El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) impacts on surface air temperature (SAT) and precipitation in boreal winter on multidecadal timescales Internal variability plays an essential role in the unstable ENSO teleconnections over a broad region in the tropics and North America Internal variability affects linkages between ENSO and remote SAT/precipitation by modulating Southern Oscillation and Pacific-North American teleconnections The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon is the leading mode of interannual climate variability strongly influencing global climate. Skillful ENSO predictions are crucial for predicting global climate on seasonal timescales. H

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Is the atmospheric river operating at a self-organized criticality state?

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Wang, Shang Meng, Jun Fang, Sheng Liu, Teng Christensen, Kim Kurths, Jürgen Fan, Jingfang School of Systems Science Institute of Nonequilibrium Systems Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China Key Laboratory of Earth System Numerical Modeling and Application Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100029 China Earth System Modelling School of Engineering and Design Technical University of Munich Munich85748 Germany Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research Potsdam14412 Germany Blackett Laboratory Centre for Complexity Science Imperial College London South Kensington Campus LondonSW7 2AZ United Kingdom Department of Physics Humboldt University Berlin10099 Germany

Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are essential components of the global hydrological cycle, with profound implications for water resources, extreme weather events, and climate dynamics. Yet, the statistical organization and underlying physical mechanisms of AR intensity and evolution remain poorly understood. Here we apply methods from statistical physics to analyze the full life cycle of ARs and identify universal signatures of self-organized criticality (SOC). We demonstrate that AR morphology exhibits nontrivial fractal geometry, while AR event sizes—quantified via integrated water vapor transport—follow robust power-law distributions, displaying finite-size scaling. These scaling behaviors persist under warming scenarios, suggesting that ARs operate near a critical state as emergent, self-regulating systems. Concurrently, we observe a systematic poleward migration and intensification of ARs, linked to thermodynamic amplification and dynamical reorganization. Our findings establish a statistical physics framework for ARs, linking critical phenomena to the spatiotemporal structure of extreme events in a warming climate. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Statistical mechanics

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CONDITIONAL NONLINEAR OPTIMAL PERTURBATIONS: application IN TROPICAL CYCLONE FORECASTS

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2019年第4期25卷 421-436页

作者： TIAN Hong-jun LI Ze-chun WANG Dong-liang WANG Bin Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China Shanghai Central Meteorological Observatory Shanghai 200030 China National Meteorological Centre Beijing 100081 China Shanghai Typhoon Institute CMAShanghai 200030 China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of ScienceBeijing 100029 China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084 China

Considering the feature of tropical cyclones(TCs) that strong positive vorticity exists in the lower layers of troposphere, this study proposed to use vorticity at 850 hPa as cost function to find the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation(CNOP), which was largely different from previous studies using total energy of perturbed forecast variables. The CNOP was obtained by an ensemble-based approach. All of the sensitive areas determined by CNOP with vorticity at 850 hPa as cost function for the three cases were located over the TC core region and its vicinity. The impact of the CNOP-based adaptive observations on TC forecasts was evaluated with three cases via observational system simulation experiments(OSSEs). Results showed obvious improvements in TC intensity or track forecasts due to the CNOP-based adaptive observations, which were related to the main error source of the verification area, i.e.,intensity error or location error.

关键词： conditional nonlinear optimal perturbations tropical cyclone intensity track

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Regime shift to extensive valley glaciations over High Mountain Asia during the Early-Middle Pleistocene

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Nature Communications 2025年第1期16卷 1-12页

作者： Qing Yan Xiaohan Kong Jinzhe Zhang Lewis A. Owen Ting Wei Philip D. Hughes Nanxuan Jiang Zhongshi Zhang Huijun Wang State Key Laboratory of Earth System Numerical Modeling and Application/Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Marine Earth and Atmospheric Science North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing China Department of Geography School of Environment Education and Development University of Manchester Manchester UK Climate Change Research Center Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences School of Physics Peking University Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Climate System Prediction and Risk Management Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China

In contrast to the well-established onset of Northern Hemisphere high-latitude glaciation at ~2.7 Ma, the timing and drivers of the intensified glaciation over High Mountain Asia (HMA) remain elusive, as glacial geologic evidence within this region is inherently fragmentary. Here, we offer a spatiotemporally complete view of glacier behavior over HMA spanning the last 3 Ma using transient climate-glaciation simulations to address this challenge. We illustrate that intensified glaciations with expanded ice caps and widespread valley glaciation began at ~0.9 Ma over the monsoonal-influenced southern HMA confirmed by the glacial sediments, whereas the intensification started earlier (~1.5 Ma) over the westerly-influenced western HMA, with a further intensification at ~1.0–0.9 Ma, supported by paleoenvironmental proxies. The intensification of glaciation masks obvious shifts in the amplitude and pacing of glacier variability (e.g., the establishment of the 100-ka cycle) and induces larger environmental perturbations, which are in line with geologic evidence and largely linked with the long-term global cooling during the mid-Pleistocene transition.

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CODC-S: A quality-controlled global ocean salinity profiles dataset

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Scientific data 2025年第1期12卷 917页

作者： Zhetao Tan Yujing Zhu Lijing Cheng Viktor Gouretski Yuying Pan Huifeng Yuan Zhankun Wang Guancheng Li Xinyi Song Bin Zhang Senliang Bao Yuanlong Li Jiang Zhu State Key Laboratory of Earth System Numerical Modeling and Application Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China. Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique Institut Pierre Simon Laplace Ecole Normale Supérieure - Université PSL Paris 75231 France. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China. State Key Laboratory of Earth System Numerical Modeling and Application Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China. chenglij@***. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China. chenglij@***. Computer Network Information Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information Silver Spring MD 20910 USA. Eco-Environmental Monitoring and Research Center Pearl River Valley and South China Sea Ecology and Environment Administration Ministry of Ecology and Environment Guangzhou 510611 China. Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China. Oceanographic Data Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China. College of Meteorology and Oceanography National University of Defense Technology Changsha 410073 China.

Changes in the global ocean salinity reflect the evolution of the global hydrological cycle. These secular changes are assessed using seawater salinity profiles obtained during the past ~80 years. Here, we introduce a new global ocean salinity profiles database named CODC-S (the Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Oceanography Data Center - Salinity component), which encompasses over 11 million in-situ salinity profiles from 1940 to 2023 obtained by means of several instrument types. These salinity profiles are quality-controlled (QC-ed) using a new automated salinity quality control system named CODC-QC-S (the CODC Quality Control system - Salinity component), consisting of 11 distinct quality checks. By applying time-varying, flow-dependent, and topographical-dependent 0.5% and 99.5% quantile thresholds, the CODC-QC-S defines local climatology salinity ranges without the assumption of Gaussian distribution. The CODC-S database, together with the newly proposed QC algorithm, has undergone extensive evaluations, including comparisons with the benchmark data and climatology, as well as analyses of global and basin-scale long-term salinity changes before and after QC. These validations demonstrate that the quality of salinity data in the CODC-S is time-, depth-, region- and instrument type-dependent. The eight-decade quality-homogeneous salinity profiles from the CODC-S database can support diverse oceanographic and climatic research such as monitoring water cycle changes and freshwater/overturning transports.

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Towards reliable Arctic sea ice prediction using multivariate data assimilation

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Science Bulletin 2019年第1期64卷 63-72页

作者： Jiping Liu Zhiqiang Chen Yongyun Hu Yuanyuan Zhang Yifan Ding Xiao Cheng Qinghua Yang Lars Nerger Gunnar Spreen Radley Horton Jun Inoue Chaoyuan Yang Ming Li Mirong Song Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences University at Albany State University of New York College of Ocean and Meteorology Guangdong Ocean University Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences School of Physics Peking University College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal University Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies and School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz Zentrum für Polar-und Meeresforschung University of Bremen Institute of Environmental Physics Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia University Earth Institute National Institute of Polar Research Polar Research and Forecasting Division National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Rapid declines in Arctic sea ice have captured attention and pose significant challenges to a variety of stakeholders. There is a rising demand for Arctic sea ice prediction at daily to seasonal time scales, which is partly a sea ice initial condition problem. Thus, a multivariate data assimilation that integrates sea ice observations to generate realistic and skillful model initialization is needed to improve predictive skill of Arctic sea ice. Sea ice data assimilation is a relatively new research area. In this review paper, we focus on two challenges for implementing multivariate data assimilation systems for sea ice forecast. First, to address the challenge of limited spatiotemporal coverage and large uncertainties of observations, we discuss sea ice parameters derived from satellite remote sensing that(1) have been utilized for improved model initialization, including concentration, thickness and drift, and(2) are currently under development with the potential for enhancing the predictability of Arctic sea ice, including melt ponds and sea ice leads. Second, to strive to generate the ‘‘best" estimate of sea ice initial conditions by combining model simulations/forecasts and observations, we review capabilities and limitations of different data assimilation techniques that have been developed and used to assimilate observed sea ice parameters in dynamical models.

关键词： Arctic sea ice prediction Remote sensing Data assimilation

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Estimating the Predictability Limit of Tropical Cyclone Tracks over the Western North Pacific Using Observational Data

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第12期35卷 1491-1504页

作者： Quanjia ZHONG Lifeng ZHANG Jianping LI Ruiqiang DING Jie FENG State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Meteorology and Oceanography National University of Defense Technology College of Earth Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology College of Global Change and Earth System Sciences Beijing Normal University School of Meteorology University of Oklahoma

In this study,the nonlinear local Lyapunov exponent(NLLE)approach was used to quantitatively determine the predictability limit of tropical cyclone(TC)tracks based on observed TC track data obtained from the Joint Typhoon Warning *** results show that the predictability limit of all TC tracks over the whole western North Pacific(WNP)basin is about 102 h,and the average lifetime of all TC tracks is about 174 *** predictability limits of the TC tracks for short-,medium-,and long-lived TCs are approximately 72 h,120 h,and 132 h,*** predictability limit of the TC tracks depends on the TC genesis location,lifetime,and intensity,and further analysis indicated that these three metrics are closely *** more intense and longer-lived TCs tend to be generated on the eastern side of the WNP(EWNP),whereas the weaker and shorter-lived TCs tend to form in the west of the WNP(WWNP)and the South China Sea(SCS).The relatively stronger and longer-lived TCs,which are generated mainly in the EWNP,have a longer travel time before they curve northeastwards and hence tend to be more predictable than the relatively weaker and shorter-lived TCs that form in the WWNP region and ***,the results show that the predictability limit of the TC tracks obtained from the best-track data may be underestimated due to the relatively short observational records currently *** work is needed,employing a numerical model to assess the predictability of TC tracks.

关键词： predictability tropical cyclone tracks nonlinear local Lyapunov exponent

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lMFF: Efficient and Scalable layered Materials Force Field on Heterogeneous Many-Core Processors

lMFF: Efficient and Scalable layered Materials Force Field o...

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Supercomputing Conference

作者： Ping Gao Xiaohui Duan Jiaxu Guo Jin Wang Zhenya Song Lizhen Cui Xiangxu Meng Xin Liu Wusheng Zhang Ming Ma Guohui Li Dexun Chen Haohuan Fu Wei Xue Weiguo Liu Guangwen Yang School of Software Shandong University Jinan China National Supercomputing Center in Wuxi Wuxi China Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University Beijing China College of Computer Science and Technology Jilin University Changchun China Department of Engineering Mechanics Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics Tsinghua University Beijing China Ministry of Natural Resources First Institute of Oceanography and Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling Qingdao China Joint SDU-NTU Centre for Artificial Intelligence Research (C-FAIR) Jinan China Engineering Research Center of Digital Media Technology Ministry of Education Jinan China Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian China Department of Earth System Science Ministry of Education Key Lab for Earth System Modeling Tsinghua University Beijing China

ISBN: (数字)9781450384421

ISBN: (纸本)9781665483902

LAMMPS is one of the most popular Molecular Dynamic (MD) packages and is widely used in the field of physics, chemistry and materials simulation. Layered Materials Force Field (LMFF) is our expansion of the LAMMPS potential function based on the Tersoff potential and inter-layer potential (ILP) in LAMMPS. LMFF is designed to study layered materials such as graphene and boron hexanitride. It is universal and does not depend on any platform. We have also carried out a series of optimizations on LMFF and the optimization work is carried out on the new generation of Sunway supercomputer, called SWLMFF. Experiments show that our implementation is efficient, scalable and portable. When generic LMFF is ported to Intel Xeon Gold 6278C, $2\times$ performance improvement is achieved. For the optimized SWLMFF, the overall performance improvement is nearly $200-330\times$ compared to the original ILP and Tersoff potentials. And SWLMFF has good parallel efficiency of 95%-100% under weak scaling with 2.7 million atoms on a single process. The maximum atomic system simulated by SWLMFF is close to $2^{31}$ atoms. And nanosecond simulations in one day can be realized.

关键词： Program processors Atomic layer deposition High performance computing Force Graphene Supercomputers Optimization

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Dominant SST Mode in the Southern Hemisphere Extratropics and Its Influence on Atmospheric Circulation

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第7期35卷 881-895页

作者： Fei ZHENG Jianping LI Fred KUCHARSKI Ruiqiang DING Ting LIU State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology and College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal University Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Earth System Physics Section Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics Center of Excellence for Climate Change Research Department of MeteorologyKing Abdulaziz University Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu University of Information Technology State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of Oceanography

The variability in the Southern Ocean（SO） sea surface temperature（SST） has drawn increased attention due to its unique physical features; therefore, the temporal characteristics of the SO SST anomalies（SSTA） and their influence on extratropical atmospheric circulation are addressed in this study. Results from empirical orthogonal function analysis show that the principal mode of the SO SSTA exhibits a dipole-like structure, suggesting a negative correlation between the SSTA in the middle and high latitudes, which is referred to as the SO Dipole（SOD） in this study. The SOD features strong zonal symmetry, and could reflect more than 50% of total zonal-mean SSTA variability. We find that stronger（weaker） Subantarctic and Antarctic polar fronts are related to the positive（negative） phases of the SOD index, as well as the primary variability of the large-scale SO SSTA meridional gradient. During December–January–February, the Ferrel cell and the polar jet shift toward the Antarctic due to changes in the SSTA that could be associated with a positive phase of the SOD, and are also accompanied by a poleward shift of the subtropical jet. During June–July–August, in association with a positive SOD, the Ferrel cell and the polar jet are strengthened, accompanied by a strengthened subtropical jet. These seasonal differences are linked to the differences in the configuration of the polar jet and the subtropical jet in the Southern Hemisphere.

关键词： extratropical sea surface temperature air–sea interaction Southern Annular Mode

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