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Performance of V-Cone flowmeter applied to cryogenic fluid measurement considering cavitation

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2019年第6期240卷

作者： Denghui He Bofeng Bai Senlin Chen Jie Zhang Pengcheng Guo State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulic in Northwest Arid Region Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an 710048 Shaanxi China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 Shaanxi China

The V-Cone flowmeter is a promising differential pressure flowmeter for metering the cryogenic fluid for its many advantages. When the cryogen velocity increases to a certain value, the cavitation may occur in flowmeter, which may significantly affect the performance of V-Cone flowmeter. However, the effect of cavitation on performance of V-Cone flowmeter remains unclear and there are no published studies to our knowledge on this issue. Here we investigate the performance of V-Cone flowmeter when measuring the cryogenic fluids, especially the effects of cavitation on the discharge coefficient and pressure loss coefficient of the flowmeter. Two cryogenic fluids are investigated, including liquid nitrogen (LN2) and liquid hydrogen (LH2). For comparison, the water is also investigated. The realizable κ-ε model is used to describe the turbulence. The Schnerr-Sauer cavitation model is used to investigate the effect of cavitation on the performance of the V-Cone flowmeter. The results show that there was little effect of cavitation on the discharge coefficient and pressure loss coefficient at the initial stage of cavitation. When the cloud cavitation occurred downstream of V-Cone, the discharge coefficient decreases rapidly with Reynolds number increasing, while the pressure loss coefficient rises quickly. The average discharge coefficient is almost the same for different fluids in the stable region; while the cryogenic fluids have wider stable Reynolds number ranges than the water. The lower limits of the Reynolds number for the constant discharge coefficient is very close for three fluids, however, for the upper limits of Reynolds number are quite different. We conclude that measurement range of the cryogenic fluid is much larger than that of the water, which shows that the V-Cone flowmeter exhibits great potential in the measurement of cryogenic fluid. This study provides insights into the effect of cavitation on the measurement of V-Cone flowmeter and opens a new aven

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Experimental research on the characteristics of steam-water counter-current flow in the Pressurizer Surge Line assembly

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Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 2018年 96卷 180-191页

作者： Jiangtao Yu Dalin Zhang Leitai Shi Zhiwei Wang Wenxi Tian G.H. Su S.Z. Qiu State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University 28 Xianning West Road Xi’an 710049 China Shaanxi Key Lab. of Advanced Nuclear Energy and Technology School of Nuclear Science and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University 28 Xianning West Road Xi’an 710049 China

To investigate Counter-Current flow (CCF) characteristics in the Pressurizer Surge Line (PZR SL) assembly of the large advanced passive nuclear reactors, steam-water CCF experiments are carried out on a stainless steel test section, which is a 1:4 scaled-down model of the AP1000 PZR SL assembly. The inner diameter of the test PZR SL pipe is 90 mm, which also belongs to the large-diameter pipes, as same as the prototype PZR SL pipe, in the field of Counter-Current flow Limitation (CCFL) researches. The present steam-water CCFL experiments are conducted under normal pressure and saturated temperature, with the PZR simulator collapse water level ranging from 350 to 900 mm. CCFL becomes severer at higher steam flow rate, and the most limiting CCFL effect locates between the PZR simulator bottom head and the vertical part of PZR SL pipe. The onset of CCFL and zero liquid penetration (ZP) are two critical conditions in the CCF development process, dividing the process into three stages: Before-CCFL, Partial-CCFL, and CCFL-ZP. According to the local CCFL conditions, the development of the CCFL process is also divided into four-regions since onset of CCFL. The present steam-water CCF data are well normalized in terms of dimensionless Kutateladze (Ku) numbers, and a Ku-type empirical partial CCFL correlation is developed. The comparisons of the present CCF data and partial CCFL correlation with the CCF data and correlations of former experiment researches validate that the present empirical partial CCFL correlation is conservative to predict steam-water partial CCFL in the prototype PZR SL assembly of the large advanced passive nuclear reactors.

关键词： Steam-water counter-current flow Partial CCFL correlation Pressurizer surge line assembly Advanced passive nuclear reactors ADS Automatic Depressurization System ADS1-3 First to Third Stages of ADS ADS4 Fourth Stage of ADS CCF Counter-Current flow CCFL Counter-Current flow Limitation CCFL-1 The 1st grade of CCFL region CCFL-2 The 2nd grade of CCFL region CCFL-3 The 3rd grade of CCFL region CCFL-L Local CCFL at the T-junction of HL pipe and PZR SL pipe CCFL-S Local CCFL along the PZR SL pipe CCFL-U Local CCFL at the location between the PZR simulator bottom head and vertical part of PZR SL pipe CCFL-ZP Zero liquid penetration region or stage CMT Core Makeup Tank COCF Co-Current flow HL Hot Leg IRWST In-containment Refueling Water Storage Tank Ku Kutateladze PRHR Passive Containment Cooling System PWRs Pressurized Water Reactors PZR SL Pressurizer Surge Line RC Reactor Core RCS Reactor Coolant System RPV Reactor Pressure Vessel SBLOCAs Small-Break Loss-of-Coolant Accidents ZP zero liquid penetration

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Optimization of the fuel rod＇s arrangement cooled by turbulentnanofluids flow in pressurized water reactor (PWR)

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Chinese Journal of Chemical engineering 2017年第6期25卷 722-731页

作者： M. Hatami MJ.Z. Ganfi I. Sohrabiasl D. Jing International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'anJiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China Department of Mechanical Engineering Esfarayen University of Technology Esfarayen North Khorasan lran Department of Renewable Energies Engineering Faculty of New Sdences & Technologies University of Tehran Tehran lran Department of Mechanical Engineering Babol University of Technology Babol lran

In this paper, response surface methodology(RSM) based on central composite design(CCD) is applied to obtain an optimization design for the fuel rod's diameter and distance cooled by turbulent Al_2O_3–water nanofluid for a typical pressurized water reactor(PWR). Fuel rods and nanofluid flow between them are simulated 3D using computational fluid dynamics(CFD) by ANSYS-FLUNET package software. The RNG k–ε model is used to simulate turbulent nanofluid flow between the rods. The effect of different nanoparticles concentration is also investigated on the Nusselt number from heat transfer efficiency view point. Results reveal that when distance parameter(a) is in the minimum level and diameter parameter(r) is in the maximum possible level, cooling the rods will be better due to higher Nusselt number in this situation. Also, using the different nanoparticles on the cooling process confirms that Al_2O_3 averagely 17% and TiO_2 10% improve the Nusselt numbers.

关键词： Optimization Fuel rods Nanofluid Pressurized water reactor

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Solar Hydrocarbons: Single-Step, Atmospheric-Pressure Synthesis of C2−C4Alkanes and Alkenes from CO2

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Angewandte Chemie 2023年第27期135卷

作者： Rui Song Zhao Li Jiuli Guo Paul N. Duchesne Chenyue Qiu Chengliang Mao Jia Jia Sanli Tang Yang-Fan Xu Wenzhe Zhou Lu Wang Wei Sun Xiaoliang Yan Liejin Guo Dengwei Jing Geoffrey A. Ozin International Research Center for Renewable Energy & State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China Solar Fuels Group Department of Chemistry University of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada Contribution: Conceptualization (equal) Data curation (lead) Formal analysis (lead) Investigation (lead) Methodology (lead) Writing - original draft (equal) Contribution: Data curation (supporting) Formal analysis (equal) Writing - original draft (supporting) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anyang Normal University Anyang Henan 455000 P. R. China Contribution: Data curation (supporting) Formal analysis (supporting) Methodology (equal) Software (supporting) Writing - original draft (supporting) Contribution: Data curation (supporting) Software (lead) Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 3E4 Canada Contribution: Data curation (supporting) Contribution: Conceptualization (supporting) Contribution: Formal analysis (supporting) Contribution: Methodology (supporting) State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 China Contribution: Project administration (supporting) Contribution: Conceptualization (lead) Formal analysis (lead) Funding acquisition (equal) Project administration (equal) Supervision (equal) Writing - original draft (lead) Contribution: Conceptualization (lead) Funding acquisition (equal) Project administration (equal) Writing - original draft (lead)

Cobalt ferrite (CoFe 2 O 4 ) spinel has been found to produce C 2 −C 4 hydrocarbons in a single-step, ambient-pressure, photocatalytic hydrogenation of CO 2 with a rate of 1.1 mmol g −1 h −1 , selectivity of 29.8 % and conversion yield of 12.9 %. On stream the CoFe 2 O 4 reconstructs to a CoFe−CoFe 2 O 4 alloy-spinel nanocomposite which facilitates the light-assisted transformation of CO 2 to CO and hydrogenation of the CO to C 2 −C 4 hydrocarbons. Promising results obtained from a laboratory demonstrator bode well for the development of a solar hydrocarbon pilot refinery.

关键词： C2−C4 Hydrocarbons CO2 Hydrogenation Cobalt Ferrite Photocatalysis

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Experimental Study on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Static Flash Evaporation Process

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Energy Procedia 2017年 105卷 4776-4781页

作者： Qingzhong Yang Dan Zhang Daotong Chong Yu Wang Junjie Yan State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy & Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an Shaan

An experimental study on flash evaporation process in static flash evaporation of aqueous NaCl solution was presented. Experiments were carried out with initial concentration of waterfilm varied from 0 to 0.15, initial height from 0.1 to 0.4 m, and superheat from 1.8 to 49.5 K. Instant superheat was the driving force during flash evaporation. A negative correlation was found between temperature drop rate and instant superheat. Instant heat transfer coefficient increased with the increase of instant superheat. A peak value of instant superheat existed during static flash. The evolution of instant superheat was affected by initial superheat, or initial height, or initial concentration of waterfilm.

关键词： Static flash evaporation Instant superheat Aqueous NaCl solution temperature drop rate

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Study of an inter-wrapper flow model and effects in sodium-cooled fast reactor

Study of an inter-wrapper flow model and effects in sodium-c...

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2017 Transactions of the American Nuclear Society, ANS 2017

作者： Zhang, Dalin Song, Ping Wang, Shibao Wang, Xin'an Chen, Jing Yue, Nina Tian, Wenxi Qiu, Suizheng Su, G.H. School of Nuclear Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University No.28 Xianning West Road Xi'an710049 China

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Experimental study on pressure drop characteristic of wet air with ash particles in a horizontal tube bundle heat exchanger

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Energy Procedia 2017年 142卷 4010-4015页

作者： Yuanzhi Qin Jingying Yang Haibo Dai Jinshi Wang Ming Liu Junjie Yan State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an 710049 China

The pressure drop characteristic of wet air with ash particles in a horizontal tube bundle heat exchanger was studied experimentally. The variations with time, effects of water vapor mass fractions and mainstream velocities on pressure drop characteristic were presented. Experimentally results showed that with the increase in the time, the pressure drop coefficient firstly increased then became stable. In the case of wet air with ash particles, the pressure drop coefficient increased with the increase of the water mass fraction and decreased with the increase of the mainstream velocity. Compared with wet air without ash particles, the pressure drop coefficients were higher in the presence of ash particles, due to ash deposition.

关键词： Pressure drop coefficient Heat exchanger wet air Ash particles

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Chaotic Characteristics Analysis on Recognition of Steam Plume flow Pattern of Direct Contact Condensation in a Rectangular Channel

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Energy Procedia 2017年 142卷 3827-3832页

作者： Binbin Qiu Jia Liu Jiping Liu Junjie Yan Xiaoping Yang State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an 710049 China

Chaotic characteristics of direct contact condensation(DCC) for steam jet in subcooled water in a rectangular channel were analyzed at subcooled water temperature of 30 ℃. The steam mass flux and Reynolds number of subcooled water were in the range of 250-600kg/(m 2 s) and 78,000-172,000 respectively. Three different flow patterns, bubble flow, oscillation jet and stable jet, were observed. Correlation dimension( D 2 ) changes with flow patterns. For bubble flow, oscillation jet and stable jet, the corresponding correlation dimension values increase and are in the ranges of 9.68~10.30, 10.03~11.17 and 11.10~12.62, respectively. Different flow patterns have different Hurst exponent( H ). From the range of correlation dimensions and Hurst exponents, the flow pattern of steam jet can be recognized without looking the picture of steam plume. This result is very important for flow pattern recognition without the observation windows.

关键词： flow pattern recognition chaotic characteristics correlation dimension Hurst exponent

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Aeroelastic Analysis of Preset Angle for A Typical Airfoil Section with Cubic Nonlinear Stiffness

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2019年第1期1300卷 012100-012100页

作者： Nan, Guofang Ding, Di Wang, Weitao School of Energy and Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering 516 Jungong Road 200093 Shanghai P.R. China School of Energy and Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology China

The influences of the preset angle on the dynamic responses of the typical airfoil section with cubic nonlinear stiffness were investigated under consideration of the aerodynamic flutter onset due to certain angle of attack. The typical airfoil model with cubic nonlinear stiffness is developed to analyze the plunging and the pitching motions for the airfoil section. Based on the Grossman’s quasi steady aerodynamic model, the aerodynamic lift and the moment can be obtained and then the equation of motion for the airfoil section is derived by applying the Lagrange theorem. The effects of the preset angle and the oncoming flow speed on the nonlinear dynamics are analyzed by means of the bifurcation diagram, the frequency-amplitude diagram, the time history, etc. Simulation results show that the preset angle influences the intensity of the vibration, moderate or severe, stable or unstable, even under certain circumstance, the jump and chaos phenomenon occur; and the oncoming flow speed affects the distribution of the vibration energy for the plunging and the pitching motions. The unstable stall region for the responding parameters should be avoided to keep the airfoil safe in engineering practice. Some qualitative and quantitative rules are obtained for the airfoil design and the flutter suppression.

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Experimental Study on Cohesiveness Characteristics of Raw Cement Ash at Moderate Temperature

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Energy Procedia 2017年 105卷 4674-4679页

作者： Tao Han Chang’an Wang Qi Cao Wufeng Chen Defu Che State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an 710049 China

Raw cement ash deposition in SP boilers gives rise to serious operation problems. In the present, mechanism of raw cement ash deposition is still unclear because the ash components, gas atmosphere and gas temperature are quite different from existing studies. The characteristics of cohesiveness of raw cement ash in moderate temperature were investigated in a lab-scale electric furnace. Three typical raw cement ashes were selected as samples, three base plates, including rough steel plate, smooth steel plate, organic glass plate were studied. Ball-impacting method was adopted to evaluate the cohesiveness of ash. Experimental results show that, the ash cohesiveness is mainly dependent on the components of ash, and the material property of base plate, while it exhibits little relationship with the roughness of the plate surface. Low-melting substances appear during ash deposition on steel plate. The results reveal that ferrum possibly has catalytic to some low-melting substances forming.

关键词： deposition cohesiveness roughness low-melting sunbstances

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