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Preliminary safety analysis of the PWR with accident-tolerant fuels during severe accident conditions

Annals of Nuclear Energy 2015年 80卷 1-13页

作者： Xiaoli Wu Wei Li Yang Wang Yapei Zhang Wenxi Tian Guanghui Su Suizheng Qiu Tong Liu Yongjun Deng Heng Huang State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Nuclear Science and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University No. 28 Xianning West Road Xi’an Shanxi 710049 China China Nuclear Power Technology Research Institute A-1101 Fengde Plaza No. 6 Hangkong Road Chengdu Sichuan 610000 China

Experience gained in decades of nuclear safety research and previous nuclear accidents direct to the investigation of passive safety system design and accident-tolerant fuel (ATF) system which is now becoming a hot research point in the nuclear energy field. The ATF system is aimed at upgrading safety characteristics of the nuclear fuel and cladding in a reactor core where active cooling has been lost, and is preferable or comparable to the current UO 2 –Zr system when the reactor is in normal operation. By virtue of advanced materials with improved properties, the ATF system will obviously slow down the progression of accidents, allowing wider margin of time for the mitigation measures to work. Specifically, the simulation and analysis of a large break loss of coolant accident (LBLOCA) without ECCS and extended station blackout (SBO) severe accident are performed for a pressurized water reactor (PWR) loaded with ATF candidates, to reflect the accident-tolerance of ATF.

关键词： Safety analysis Accident-tolerant Severe accident

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Pool boiling heat transfer enhancement by γ-Al2O3 /FC-72 nanofluids on a smooth surface 15

Pool boiling heat transfer enhancement by γ-Al2O3 /FC-72 na...

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15th International Heat Transfer Conference, IHTC 2014

作者： Kong, Xin Wei, Jinjia Ding, Jie Zhang, Yonghai State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong Uniersity Xi'an Shaanxi710049 China

The influence of γ-Al2O3/FC-72 nanofluids on pooling boiling heat transfer with a smooth surface was experimentally investigated. The fluorocarbon surfactant FSO-100 was also used in the experiment. In order to distinguish the effects of surfactant, four groups of contrast tests were designed as follows: base fluids (FC-72), base fluids with nanoparticles (γ-Al2O3+FC-72), base fluids with surfactant (FC-72+FSO-100) and nanofluids with surfactant (γ-Al2O3/FC-72+FSO-100). The results of nanofluids with surfactant showed that the heat transfer performance is enhanced compared with base fluid, but will weaken with the increase of particle concentration. In general, nanofluids can enhance the boiling heat transfer to some extent, and the enhancement is affected by the adjunction of surfactant and the sedimentation of nano-particules. Nanofluids prepared with only nanoparticles were not stable due to nonuniform distribution of the particles. The adjunction of surfactant (without nanoparticules) will lead to a significant deterioration in both heat transfer coefficient and CHF (Critical Heat Flux), but it can keep nanofluids stable and homogeneous to some degree for heat transfer enhancement.

关键词： Nanoparticles

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Effect of anolyte pH and cathode Pt loading on electricity and hydrogen co-production performance of the bio-electrochemical system

Effect of anolyte pH and cathode Pt loading on electricity a...

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作者： Liu, Ya-Peng Wang, Yun-Hai Wang, Bai-Shi Chen, Qing-Yun Department of Environmental Engineering State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'An Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China

In a novel bio-electrochemical system (BES) for hydrogen and electricity co-production with acetate substrate, the anolyte pH and cathode Pt loading effects are investigated to improve the cell performance for hydrogen and electricity co-production and reduce the cost. The optimized anolyte pH is 9. The maximum hydrogen production rate of 0.55 m3 m-3 d -1 and COD removal of 76% are obtained under optimal anolyte pH in the present BES. Over high or over low anolyte pH decreases the hydrogen production rate and COD removal. In addition, the experiments show that there is no considerable difference for the power density output and steady state current when the Pt catalyst loading is above 0.1 mg cm-2. But when the Pt catalyst loading is lower than 0.1 mg cm-2, the power density output and current decreases significantly. About 1.7 W m-3 power density output can be obtained by using 0.1 mg cm-2 Pt catalyst in the present research. © 2014, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hydrogen production

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Study on ignition delay of multi-component syngas using shock tube

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Canadian Journal of Chemical engineering 2014年第5期92卷 861-870页

作者： Thi, Luong Dinh Zhang, Yingjia Fu, Jin Huang, Zuohua Zhang, Yang State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China Combustion and Flow Diagnostics Research Group Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Sheffield Sheffield S1 3JD United Kingdom

Ignition delays of four typical syngas mixtures were investigated using both experimental and simulated methods. The shock tube experiments were conducted behind the reflected shock waves at temperature ranges from 870 to 1350K, pressures of 0.2, 1.0 and 2.0MPa. Six available kinetic models were evaluated by comparing them to the new ignition delay data obtained. NUIG C3 model was in good agreement with the experimental results. The effect of the pressure on ignition delay of all four syngas mixtures was similar to that of hydrogen. The promoting and inhibiting ignition were experimentally observed at high and moderate temperatures, respectively. Sensitivity analyses were conducted at different temperatures and pressures to identify the dominant elementary reactions in the ignition process of the syngas. The results indicated that the ignition delay was generally most sensitive to the chain branching reaction H+O2=O+OH at both high and low temperatures. Decomposition reaction H2O(+M)=H+OH (+M) was of importance for the syngas with relative inert gas CO2 and N2 at a high temperature. The reaction CO+OH=CO2+H involving CO kinetic dominated the ignition at a high temperature for the syngas with a high CO level. The inhibiting effect of pressure was attributed to the decrease of sensitivity of the reactions H+O2=O+OH and O+H2=H+OH and the increase of sensitivity of the reaction H+O2 (+M)=HO2(+M) at a moderate-low temperature. © 2013 Canadian Society for Chemical engineering.

关键词： Carbon dioxide

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Feasibility analysis of MA transmutation in radial fuel shuffling TWR

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Yuanzineng Kexue Jishu/Atomic Energy Science and Technology 2015年 49卷 58-62页

作者： Zheng, Mei-Yin Tian, Wen-Xi Chu, Xiao Zhang, Da-Lin Su, Guang-Hui Qiu, Sui-Zheng State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Nuclear Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China

TWR can make use of non-enriched fuel and obtain very high burnup without the need of fuel reprocessing. TWR is an effective way of fuel utilization besides the closed fuel cycle. In this paper, the feasibility of MA transmutation in a TWR was analyzed to further excavate the fuel utilization of this type of reactor. MA was homogeneously charged in the self-designed 1 250 MWt board type radial fuel shuffling sodium cooled TWR core, and the MA weight fraction is from 2.0% to 12.0%. A self-developed MCNP-ORIGEN coupled code was applied to perform burnup calculation. The results indicate that the transmutation amount increases linearly with the MA weight fraction, while the transmutation rate parabolically varies with the increase of the MA weight fraction. Neutronic safety parameters, such as the core effective multiplication factor, Doppler feedback coefficient, void worth coefficient and effective delayed neutron fraction, were compared under different MA weight fractions. The results indicate that the core effective multiplication factor and the void worth coefficient increase with the MA weight fraction, while the Doppler feedback coefficient and the effective delayed neutron fraction decrease with the increase of the MA weight fraction. © 2015, Atomic Energy Press. All right reserved.

关键词： Nuclear fuel reprocessing

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CO_2 Leakage Identification in Geosequestration Based on Real Time Correlation Analysis Between Atmospheric O_2 and CO_2

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Chinese Journal of Chemical engineering 2014年第6期22卷 634-642页

作者：马登龙邓建强张早校 State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University

The paper describes a method for monitoring CO2 leakage in geological carbon dioxide sequestration. A real time monitoring parameter, apparent leakage flux(ALF), is presented to monitor abnormal CO2 leakage, which can be calculated by atmospheric CO2 and O2 data. The computation shows that all ALF values are close to zero-line without the leakage. With a step change or linear perturbation of concentration to the initial CO2 concentration data with no leakage, ALF will deviate from background line. Perturbation tests prove that ALF method is sensitive to linear perturbation but insensitive to step change of concentration. An improved method is proposed based on real time analysis of surplus CO2 concentration in least square regression process, called apparent leakage flux from surplus analysis(ALFs), which is sensitive to both step perturbation and linear perturbations of concentration. ALF is capable of detecting concentration increase when the leakage occurs while ALFs is useful in all periods of leakage. Both ALF and ALFs are potential approaches to monitor CO2 leakage in geosequestration project.

关键词： CO2 monitor carbon storage gas leakage O2/CO2 exchange correlation analyysis

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Development and application of a UTSG thermal-hydraulic analysis code

Development and application of a UTSG thermal-hydraulic anal...

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International Congress on Advances in Nuclear power Plants, ICAPP 2014

作者： Cong, Tenglong Tian, Wenxi Su, Guanghui Qiu, Suizheng School of Nuclear Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781632668264

Structural integrity of steam generator should be maintained during operation, since it performs as the pressure boundary of primary side coolant. Localized thermal-hydraulic parameters of secondary side are essential for the analysis of tube wastage, fatigue and failure. In this paper, a three-dimensional thermohydraulics analysis code, named STAF, is developed based on FLUENT. With STAF code, three-dimensional thermohydraulics of secondary side of AP1000 steam generator are generated. This code is developed based on the porous media theory. In this code, the drift flux two-phase model coupled with a simplified flow boiling model is utilized to present two-phase flow among the U-tube bundle. Downcomer, tube bundle, support plates and primary separators in steam generator are considered in STAF code. The calculated results are compared with a general steam generator thermohydraulic analysis code ATHOS, which is developed by the Westinghouse. The comparison indicates that STAF code performs well in evaluating thermal-hydraulic parameters in steam generator. The results show that the flow field varies significantly at different position in AP1000 steam generator. flow vapor quality at the inlet of primary separators varies significantly, which is a severe challenge to the capacity design of separators.

关键词： Steam generators

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Activating ZnO nanorod photoanodes in visible light by Cu ion implantation

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Nano Research 2014年第3期7卷 353-364页

作者： Meng Wang Feng Ren Guangxu Cai Yichao Liu Shaohua Shen Liejin Guo International Research Centre for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi 710049 China School of Physics and Technology Center for Ion Beam Application Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China

Utilization of visible light is of crucial importance for exploiting efficient semiconductor catalysts for solar water splitting. In this study, an advanced ion implantation method was utilized to dope Cu ions into ZnO nanorod arrays for photoelectrochemical water splitting in visible light. X-ray diffraction （XRD） and X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy （XPS） results revealed that Cu^＋ together with a small amount of Cu^2＋ were highly dispersed within the ZnO nanorod arrays. The Cu ion doped ZnO nanorod arrays displayed extended optical absorption and enhanced photoelectrochemical performance under visible light illumination （A 〉 420 nm）. A considerable photocurrent density of 18 μA/cm^2 at 0.8 V （vs. a saturated calomel electrode） was achieved, which was about 11 times higher than that of undoped ZnO nanorod arrays. This study proposes that ion implantation could be an effective approach for developing novel visible-light-driven photocatalytic materials for water splitting.

关键词： ion implantation Cu ion doping ZnO nanorods photoanode water splitting

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Influence of transient thermal response of solid wall on bubble dynamics in pool boiling

Influence of transient thermal response of solid wall on bub...

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作者： Zhang, Liang Li, Zhen-Dong Li, Kai Li, Hui-Xiong Zhao, Jian-Fu Beijing100190 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi710049 China Beijing102209 China

Numerical simulation of single bubble pool boiling process including transient thermal response of solid wall is performed using the ghost fluid method and the level set method for the sharp interface representation. The results show that non-physical initial condition in the numerical simulation deeply affects the process of bubble growth, and then multi-cycle simulation is necessary to eliminate its influence. It is shown by the present results that two nucleate criteria, i.e. constant waiting time and constant nucleate superheat, for determining the appearance time for the subsequent bubble lead to the same quasi-steady process of bubble growth if they are matched with each other. A periodically expanding and receding thermal "hollow" can be observed inside solid wall underneath the growing bubble. The recovery of the temperature on the nucleate site and the thermal boundary layer near the heating surface is influenced by transient heat conduction inside solid wall, which can affect evidently bubble thermal dynamics and heat transfer.

关键词： Numerical methods

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Development and application of a coal combustion life cycle on-line monitoring system

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Energy engineering: Journal of the Association of Energy engineering 2015年第1期112卷 28-46页

作者： Liu, Haiyu Tan, Houzhang Xiong, Xiaohe Ma, Lin Miao, Yang Xu, Tongmo Taiyuan University of Technology 030024 China Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China Electric Power Research Institute Co. Ltd Beijing100069 China School of Process Environmental and Materials Engineering Centre for Computational Fluid Dynamics University of Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China

In China, coal quality fluctuates and deviates greatly from the original design in many large-scale coal-fired power plants. To maintain a secure level and combustion efficiency, a "coal combustion life cycle online monitoring system" (CLMS) has been developed and installed on a 215MW boiler in China. Ten temperature detectors have been installed at the heights of three-layer burners along the furnace. To improve the accuracy of measuring unburnt carbon in fly ash, an adjustable microwave test facility was established. An on-line measurement device for unburnt carbon in ash has been newly developed and attached to the convection flue gas pass. To optimize combustion processes, a real-time neural network prediction model for coal calorific value has been developed. By calculating and analyzing the data in computer workstations, safety evaluation of burner ignition, economic analysis and energy loss analysis can be obtained in real time. As for fluctuation in coal quality, application of the system has improved boiler efficiency more than 1.0%, and reduced NOx by 10-15%. © Copyright Association of Energy Engineers (AEE).

关键词： Life cycle

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