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Experimental study on the characteristics of weak corrosive surfactant drag reducer

Experimental study on the characteristics of weak corrosive ...

12th International Conference on engineering, Science, Construction, and Operations in Challenging Environments - Earth and Space 2010

作者： Su, Wen-Tao Li, Feng-Chen Dong, Yong Cai, Wei-Hua Jiao, Li-Fang Wei, Jin-Jia Yu, Bo School of Energy Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiao Tong University Xi'an 710049 China Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Oil and Gas Distribution Technology China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

ISBN: (纸本)9780784410967

Experimental study on drag-reducing characteristics of a zwitterionic surfactant additive (C20H43NO) in a circulation system has been carried out. It was based on the optimum concentration, temperature effect and the characteristics of resisting shear in DN27.5 pipeline. The results showed that C20H43NO additive has a significant drag-reducing effect depending on concentration and temperature. The most effective concentration in the tested flow loop was 900ppm at 60°C. The temperature range of the drag-reducing effect was in the range of 40 ∼ 70°C. The maximum drag reduction (DR) of 900ppm C20H 43NO aqueous solution was 77% at the beginning of circulation with system running between 41°C and 43°C. The drag-reducing effect does not decrease remarkably after the circulation system ran for a period of seven hours, but reduces to only 5% of DR after a period of twenty-three hours. In order to study the drag-reducing characteristics of C20H 43NO aqueous solution in the practical district heating system, the experiments with C20H43NO aqueous solution flow in different inner-diameter pipelines including DN50 and DN100 with rough wall were performed. The results indicated that the optimum drag-reducing concentrations are 1500ppm and 2500ppm at 45∼50°C in the DN50 and DN100 circular pipes, respectively. Finally, the technique of drag-reducing additive applying into the district heating system is discussed. And some problems in the practical application were brought forward, such as, the poor life-span of surfactant, the instabilities of drag-reducing effect and the inherent corrosion of additive itself. According to these problems, the corrosion research of C 20H43NO aqueous solution was also conducted based on immersion method. The results show that: C20H43NO aqueous solution is weakly corrosive for iron-based metallic pipe comparing with CTAC aqueous solution and water. © 2010 ASCE.

关键词： Pipelines

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Nitrogen, sulfur, and chlorine transformations during the pyrolysis of straw

Nitrogen, sulfur, and chlorine transformations during the py...

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作者： Wang, Xuebin Si, Jipeng Tan, Houzhang Ma, Lin Pourkashanian, Mohamed Xu, Tongmo State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xian Jiaotong University Xian 710049 China Centre for Computational Fluid Dynamics School of Process Environmental and Materials Engineering University of Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom

Transformation of nitrogen, sulfur, and chlorine during straw pyrolysis at temperatures from 35 to 1450 °C was investigated by using the coupled thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry-mass spectrometry (TG-DSC-MS) techniques and compared with that of coal. The characteristics of the residual solid char from the straw were analyzed using x-ray diffraction (XRD). Results show that all the nitrogen species (HCN, NH3, HNCO, and CH 3CN), chloric species (HCl and Cl2), and sulfur species (SO2, H2S and COS) began to release from straw from 200 °C, compared with 350 °C for the case of coal. Most of the gaseous species from the straw were released in the form of a sharp peak, compared with the coal which has a much wider peak. NH3 and HNCO were the primary nitrogen species for both straw and coal;however for the straw the amount of NH3 released was much higher than that of HNCO. Sulfur species from the straw pyrolysis are sparse, and there was only a little COS released. During coal pyrolysis no COS was detected at all and H2S was mainly formed at 500 °C∼600 °C. SO2 was released in three stages (300-500 °C, 500-600 °C and 1200-1450 °C), and the largest SO 2 emission was found at high temperatures due to the decomposition of sulfate. The major chloric species from the pyrolysis of both straw and coal was HCl, and the ion current intensity of Cl2 was very low. There was a critical temperature of around 800 °C, beyond which most of the chlorine would be released. © 2010 American Chemical Society.

关键词： Pyrolysis

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Comparisons of four quench methods for high temperature Syngas‐Exergy Analyses

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2010年第1期1207卷 674-679页

作者： Y. H. Liu W. Chen D. F. Che Z. D. Cao aState Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University China and School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University China bSchool of Science Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology China

Entrained flow slagging gasifiers have been found in many applications, one of which is IGCC. The quench of high temperature syngas from first stage of entrained flow slagging gasifiers is of great importance for the availability of gasifiers, and it influences the economical running of utilization system. Four kinds of quench methods including water quench, gas quench, radiant quench and chemical quench, are investigated by Gibbs free energy minimization and exergy analyses. The exergy distributions of the streams into and out of each quench system are obtained. The results show that exergy loss of water quench is the biggest, and the exergy loss of chemical quench is the least and can be neglectable. The exergy losses of the other two quench methods are comparable, which are only 1/3 smaller than that of water quench. Chemical quench not only features in lower oxygen consumption as well as a higher cold gas efficiency, but also has high exergy efficiency.

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Numerical Study of Drop Interface Deformation and Breakup in Shear flow

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2010年第1期1207卷 877-882页

作者： C. Z. Lin L. J. Guo X. X. Han aState Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University China bPetroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute China cShengli Oil field China

This paper presents numerical simulation results of the deformation and breakup of an isolated liquid drop suspended in an ambient, immiscible viscous fluid under shear flow. The model predicting the dynamic behavior of the drop is based on a diffuse interface method. The interface between the two fluids is tracked by an order parameter, namely the mass concentration. The fully transient, three dimensional Navier‐Stokes equations for an incompressible fluid are solved by a projection method on a fixed Cartesian grid which the interface moves through to ensure accurate calculation of the surface evolution. Surface tension effects are incorporated into the model through a modified stress. This paper focuses on steady shape analysis and the end pinching mechanism of drop breakup. The numerical results of drop deformation and breakup show very good agreement with theoretical analysis and experimental observations, which indicate that the diffuse interface method can successfully capture the main behavior of the drop deformation and breakup Detailed instructions for typing your article are given in the following.

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Investigation on the mechanism of abnormal heat transfer of supercritical pressure water in vertically‐upward tubes in the large specific heat region

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2010年第1期1207卷 531-536页

作者： J. G. Wang H. X. Li B. Guo S. Q. Yu Y. Q. Zhang T. K. Chen aState Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an 710049 China bCollege of Energy Xi’an University of Science and Technology Xi’an 710054 China

The heat transfer characteristics of water at supercritical pressures in a vertically‐upward internally‐ribbed tube are investigated experimentally to investigate the mechanism of abnormal heat transfer of supercritical pressure water in the so‐called large specific heat region. One kind optimized internally‐ribbed tube is used in this study. The tube is made of SA‐213T12 steel with an outer diameter of 31.8 mm and a wall thickness of 6 mm and the mean inside diameter of the tube is measured to be 17.63 mm. According to experimental data, the characteristics and mechanisms of the heat transfer enhancement and also the heat transfer deterioration of supercritical pressure water in the large specific heat region are discussed respectively. The heat transfer enhancement of the supercritical pressure water in the large specific heat region is believed to be a result of combined effect caused by the rapid variations of thermophysical properties of the supercritical pressure water in the large specific heat region, and the same is true of the heat transfer deterioration. The drastic changes in thermophysical properties near the pseudocritical points, especially the sudden rise in the specific heat of water at supercritical pressures, may result in the occurrence of the heat transfer enhancement, while the covering of the heat transfer surface by fluids lighter and hotter than the bulk fluid makes the heat transfer deteriorated eventually and explains how this lighter fluid layer forms. It is also found that the heat transfer deterioration of water at supercritical pressures is similar to the DNB (departure from nucleate boiling) at subcritical pressures in mechanism.

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Modelling of water transport in PEM fuel cell

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Kung Cheng Je Wu Li Hsueh Pao/Journal of engineering Thermophysics 2010年第9期31卷 1504-1507页

作者： Xu, Cheng-Jie Zhang, Guang-Sheng Liu, Hong-Tan Guo, Lie-Jin State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China Dept. of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Miami Coral Gables FL 33124 United States

A mixed-domain, two-phase flow, non-isothermal model is developed to study the water transport phenomena, which has significant effects on the performance of PEM fuel cells. Modelling results show that: the total water concentration is decreasing along the channel in anode, while it is increasing in cathode, flooding is most likely to occur at the end of cathode flow channel;liquid water in cathode GDL presents opposite distribution at high current density and low current density, the saturation of liquid water is decreasing from inner side to outer side across the GDL at low current density while it is increasing at high current density.

关键词： Two phase flow

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Numerical simulation of subcooled boiling water at low pressure incorporating homogeneous MUSIG model

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2010年第1期1207卷 986-991页

作者： E. F. Chen Y. Z. Li X. H. Cheng Lei Wang aSchool of Energy and Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University China bState Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University China cSchool of Energy and Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University China dSchool of Energy and Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University China

Applying a three‐dimensional two‐fluid model coupled with homogeneous MUSIG approach, numerical simulations of subcooled water at low pressure were performed on the computational fluid dynamics code CFX‐10 with user defined FORTRAN program. A modified bubble departure diameter correlation based on the Unal semi‐mechanism model was developed. The water boiling flow experiments at low pressure in vertical concentric annulus from reference were used to validate the models. Good quantitative agreement with the experimental data is obtained, including the local distribution of bubble diameter, void fraction, axial liquid and vapor velocity. The results indicate that local bubble diameter first increases and then decreases due to the effect of bubble breakup and coalescence, and has the maximum bubble diameter along the radial direction. Moreover, the peak void fraction phenomenon in the vicinity of the heated wall is predicted at low pressure, which is developed due to the surface tension between vapor bubbles and heated wall.

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Hydrogen Production by CMC Gasification in Supercritical Water

Hydrogen Production by CMC Gasification in Supercritical Wat...

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IEEE PES Asia-Pacific power and Energy engineering Conference (APPEEC)

作者： Xiaohong Hao Liejin Guo Ximin Zhang School of Energy and Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424448128;9781424448135

Hydrogen production by biomass supercritical water gasification is about to develop in the future because the process is closed and clean with high gasification efficiency in addition. Low concentration sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) (2-3% mass fraction) can be mixed with particulate biomass and water to form a uniform and stable viscous paste which can be pumped to the continuous high-pressure reactor. In this paper, the supercritical water gasification of CMC was investigated in the tube flow apparatus to produce gas products consisting essentially of H 2 , CO, CH 4 and CO 2 .

关键词： Hydrogen Production Inductors Biomass Temperature Feeds Resistance heating Regulators Cooling Atmospheric measurements

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Numerical Simulation of Low Pressure Natural Gas Injector

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2010年第1期1207卷 961-967页

作者： D. T. Chong G. S. Wu S. Q. Liu J. J. Yan J. P. Liu aState Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University China bSouthwest Petroleum University China cOil & Gas Technology Research Institute PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company China

The maximum total recovery from all gas wells are highly desired to be got and the production is to be maintained when the gas well reaches the end of its economic life. Although the injector has been known for about one century, sparse investigations have been performed on the injector of natural gas, and no structural optimization on the natural gas injectors has been reported. In the present paper, the structural parameters of natural gas injectors was optimized numerically with the motive pressure ranging from 2.5 to 3.5 MPa, induced pressure ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 MPa and discharged pressure being 1.5 MPa. The numerical results showed that the optimal values of diffuser gradient, mixing tube length to diameter ratio, mixing chamber length to diameter ratio and mixing chamber gradient were 40, 5, 0 and 0.25, respectively. The performance of optimized injectors was also investigated numerically. The motive natural gas flowrate increased linearly with increase of motive pressure and was independent of induced pressure. The induced flowrate and entrainment ratio of natural gas were both increased with the increase of induced pressure.

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Experimental Study on the Treatment of low C/N ratio disposal of sewage with BAF

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2010年第1期1207卷 157-161页

作者： W. J. Wang T. Ma W. Cheng aKey Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources and Environmental Ecology of Education Ministry Xi’an University of Technology Xi’an 710048 China bState Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiao tong University China

The Biological Aerated Filter (BAF) is a simple, high‐efficient, low‐consumptive for new biological membrane method correspond to the situation of china, will be one of the main technical measures to solve the progressive deterioration of water environment problem faced china especially medium and small towns. This paper focuses on the experimental study and mechanism analysis in which the up flow, cocurrent gas‐water, single‐stage BAF was adopted on treatment domestic wastewater, the results showed that BAF has good performance in treating domestic sewage, and it had steady treatment effect with different pollution loads.

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