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Thermal and film dynamics of multi-nozzle flash spray cooling towards large area and non-uniform heat source

Thermal Science and engineering Progress 2025年 63卷

作者： Lin, Xiang-Wei Wang, Xu-Dong Zhou, Zhi-Fu Zhu, Dong-Qing Xu, Wen-Wei Zhu, Hai State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd. Shenzhen China

Thermal management poses a crucial challenge to the operational reliability of high-power devices which characterized by large area and uneven heat sources. Flash spray, as one of the start-of-the-art technologies, satisfies the requirements of rapid heat removal and superior droplet breakup effects. This study aims to investigate the liquid dynamics and heat transfer characteristics of multi-nozzle flash spray on a non-uniform heat flux surface. Here, the Euler-Lagrangian method is coupled to account for the gas-droplet interactions, and the Lagrangian wall-film is applied to describe the liquid film evolution. The effects of spray height and nozzle number are systematically discussed in terms of velocity, liquid film thickness, average surface temperature, and temperature non-uniformity. Results reveal that the enhanced spray-to-spray interaction can greatly alter liquid film distribution, which in turn affects the heat transfer efficiency. Notably, while increasing spray coverage improves thermal contact area, it exhibits a non-linear relationship with temperature reduction, showing an optimal spray height and nozzle number for minimizing average temperature and temperature non-uniformity. The main contribution of present work lies in its in-depth analysis of multi-nozzle flash spray on large area and uneven heating surface, which is prevalent in industrial applications buy underexplored in prior works. These findings are expected to offer actionable guidelines for understanding complex spray cooling mechanisms and designing efficient thermal management systems. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Film cooling

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Recent advances in nonmetallic atom-doped metal nanocrystals:Synthesis and catalytic applications

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2021年第9期32卷 2679-2692页

作者： Ruiyun Guo Ke Zhang Shangdong Ji Yangzi Zheng Mingshang Jin Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China

Metal nanocrystals have been recognized as the main catalytic materials in many fields,but insufficient activity and stability,as well as high prices,have limited their large-scale potential *** one of the extremely promising alternatives toward metal in boosting their catalytic performance,nonmetallic atoms-doped metal nanocrystals have recently received extensive attention because of their high efficiency,chemical and structural durability,abundant reserve,and low *** this review,we highlight the most recent progress in this field and provide insights into their catalytic *** metalnonmetal nanocrystals prepared by doping metal nanocrystals with nonmetallic atoms are introduced and classified based on the types of nonmetallic atoms,including metal hydrides,borides,carbides,nitrides,oxides,phosphides,and ***,their applications in catalysis,especially in electrocatalysis and organic catalysis,have been summarized and ***,the conclusions and perspectives are given for the catalysis-driven rational design of metal-nonmetal nanocrystals in this minireview.

关键词： Nonmetallic atom-doping Metal-nonmetal nanocrystals Organic catalysis Electrocatalysis Catalyst design

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Numerical Investigation of Developing Turbulent flow in a Helical Square Ductwith Large Curvature

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Journal of Thermal Science 2001年第1期10卷 1-6页

作者： Gao Hui,Guo Liejin (State key laboratory of multiphase flow in power engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China ) State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an China

A fully elliptic numerical study has been carried out to investigate the three-dimensional turbulent developing flow in a helical square duct with large curvature. A two-layer zonal model is proposed and used, in which the whole region is divided into a viscosity-affected near wall layer and a fully turbulent region. A DSM closure is applied in the former, and a one-equation model is solved in the latter. The results presented in this paper cover a Reynolds number range of (l- 10) x 104. The development of flow is found to be dominated by radial pressure gradient and Dean-type secondary motion. The distribution of Reynolds stresses in fully developed flow exhibit a complex pattern of turbulence anisotropy The development of peripherally averaged friction factor and the distribution of local friction factor in fully developed flow are given and discussed.

关键词： curved pipe developing flow turbulence model numerical simulation.

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Experimental and modeling investigation of zero net liquid flow in hilly terrain pipeline

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Petroleum Science 2025年

作者： Huang, Bo Xu, Qiang Chang, Ying-Jie Cao, Ye-Qi Yu, Hai-Yang Li, Yu-Wen Guo, Lie-Jin State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi'an710049 China College of Petroleum Engineering Xi'an Shiyou University Shaanxi 710065 China

Hilly terrain pipeline is a common form of pipeline in oil and gas storage and transportation industry. Due to the hilly terrain influence, the liquid at the elbow of the gathering pipeline is easy to flow back and accumulate to form slug flow, so it is necessary to remove the accumulated liquid by gas purging. In this paper, experiment is carried out in hilly terrain pipelines. Three flow patterns of stratified flow, slug flow and stratified entrained flow are observed. The process of gas purging accumulated liquid is divided into four stages, namely liquid accumulation, liquid rising;continuous outflow and tail outflow. At the same time, the flow pattern maps of each stage are drawn. The pressure drop signal is analyzed in time domain and frequency domain, and the contour map of pressure drop distribution is drawn. It is found that the ratio of range to average value can well distinguish the occurrence range of each flow pattern. Based on visualization, the transition process of slug flow to stratified flow and stratified entrained flow is studied, and the transition boundary prediction model is established. An image processing method is proposed to convert the image signal into a similarity curve, and PSD analysis is performed to calculate the slug frequency. The normal distribution is used to fit the slug frequency, and the predicted correlation is in good agreement with the experimental data. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Optical flows

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Delaying Modified QUICK Scheme and its Application in Slug flow

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Journal of Thermal Science 2001年第2期10卷 139-143页

作者： LU Yuan-Wei HE An-Ding WANG Yue-She ZHOU Fang-De The National Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an China

The national laboratory of multiphase flow in power engineering Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi' an 710049, China Abstract:Calculations of several classic questions in numerical heat transfer with delaying modified QUICK scheme show good agreement with benchrnark. Combining volume of fluid model with the well known SIMPLEC method. the reasonanble Tgylor bubble shape has ben obtained by using delaying modified QUICK scheme and donor acceptor scheme of interfacial advection respectively. At the same the the stream field and the liquid film thickness around the Taylor bubble have been well figured out

关键词： slug flow Taylor-bubbles QUICK scheme SIMPLEC method.

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Improving sampling depth of laser speckle imaging by topical optical clearing:A theoretical and in vivo study

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2020年第2期13卷 33-43页

作者： D.Li Y.Zhang B.Chen State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049P.R.China

The effect of optical cleaning method combined with laser speckle imaging(LSI)was discussed to improve the detection depth of LSI due to high scattering characteristics of skin,which limit its clinical application.A double-layer skin tissue model embedded with a single blood vessel was established,and the Monte Carlo method was used to simulate photon propagation under the action of light-permeating agent.808 nm semiconductor and 632.8 nm He–Ne lasers were selected to study the e®ect of optical clearing agents(OCAs)on photon deposition in *** show that the photon energy deposition density in the epidermis increases with the amount of tissue°uid replaced by *** with glucose solution,polyethylene glycol 400(PEG 400)and glycerol can considerably increase the average penetration depth of photons in the skin tissue,thereby raising the sampling depth of the *** the action of glycerol,PEG 400,and glucose,the average photon penetration depth is increased by 51.78%,51.06%,and 21.51%for 808nm,68.93%,67.94%,and 26.67%for 632.8 nm lasers,*** vivo experiment by dorsal skin chamber proves that glycerol can cause a substantial decrease in blood°ow rate,whereas PEG 400 can signicantly improve the capability of light penetration without a®ecting blood velocity,which exhibits considerable potential in the monitoring of blood°ow in skin tissues.

关键词： Laser speckle image topical optical clearing imaging depth Monte-Carlo simulation dorsal skin experiment

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Investigation of the transfer ionization process in collisions of partially stripped ions on He

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Chinese Physics B 2010年第6期19卷 277-282页

作者：刘会平陈熙萌欧阳晓平席发元苏光辉 State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Department of Nuclear Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong University School of Nuclear Science and Technology Lanzhou University

In this paper a projectile ion-recoil ion coincidence technique is used to investigate the transfer ionization processes in collisions of 0.22-6.30 MeV Cq＋ ions and 0.25-6.35 MeV 0q＋ ions （q=1, 2, 3, 4） with the He atom separately. The cross section ratio f of transfer ionization to single electron transfer is measured, and the dependence of f on both charge state q and energy E of the projectiles is investigated. The electron-structure and the mechanisms leading to transfer ionization affect the dependence of f on q and E. Our measurements, along with other data published previously, suggest a similar dependence of f on charge state and energy of projectile for partially stripped ions over a large energy range. The maximum value of f is approximately 0.17q^0.60; the energy corresponding to maximum f is about 160q^0.60 keV/u.

关键词： ion atom collision transfer ionization single electron transfer

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engineering practice and economic analysis of ozone oxidation wet denitrification technology

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Chinese Journal of Chemical engineering 2021年第1期34卷 401-408页

作者： Yang Li Defu Che Chenglong Yang Mingyu Yao Tingwen Zhao Kangli Fu Hanchen Zhao Xi’an Thermal Power Research Institute Co LtdXi’an 710032China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow for Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China

SO_(2)and NO emitted from coal-fired power plants have caused serious air pollution in *** this study,a test system for NO oxidation using O_(3)is *** basic characteristics of NO oxidation and products forms are studied.A separate test system for the combined removal of SO_(2)and NO_(x)is also established,and the absorption characteristics of NO_(x)are *** characteristics of NO oxidation and NO_(x)absorption were verified in a 35 t·h^(-1)industrial boiler wet combined desulfurization and denitrification *** operating economy of ozone oxidation wet denitrification technology is *** results show that O_(3)has a high rate and strong selectivity for NO *** O_(3)is insufficient,the primary oxidation product is NO_(2).When O_(3)is present in excess,NO_(2)continues to get oxidized to N_(2)O_(5)or NO_(3).The removal efficiency of NO_(2)in alkaline absorption system is low(only about 15%).NOx removal efficiency can be improved by oxidizing NO_(x)to N_(2)O_(5)or NO_(3)by increasing ozone *** the molar ratio of O_(3)/NO is 1.77,the NOx removal efficiency reaches 90.3%,while the operating cost of removing NO_(x)per kilogram is 6.06 USD(NO_(2)).

关键词： Ozone Denitrification Wet process engineering practice

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Theoretical investigation on water/metal fuel ramjet motor-thermodynamic cycle and thermodynamic calculation

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航空动力学报 2010年第5期25卷 1129-1138页

作者： YANG Ya-jing HE Mao-gang School of Aerospace Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China

For achieving high-speed requirement of underwater vehicle,a conceptual engine,which utilizes the hydroreactive characteristic of several metals under supercavitation environment,has been put forward. Especially,in order to obtain specific impulse as great as possible,a dual water injection system is taken into account. Then thermodynamic cycle model,which lead the improvement of power plant and energy system,is introduced in detail,and thermal efficiency is also analyzed. Furthermore,for investigating the performance of this kind of engine system,detailed thermodynamic calculation and analysis are achieved. Especially,regarding hydroreactive metal fuel Mg/AP/HTPB as our target fuel-rich propellant,considering its obvious deficient oxygen property and the energy property of magnesium/water reaction,theoretical calculation method is established by integrating chemical non-equilibrium with chemical equilibrium. Accordingly,low limit of primary water/fuel ratio is determined. In addition,the qualitative and quantitative relationship of performance parameters,such as theoretical specific impulse,nozzle exit temperature,characteristic velocity,etc.,versus water/fuel ratio is investigated respectively.

关键词： hydroreactive metal fuel water ramjet thermodynamic cycle thermal efficiency specific impulse

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Cascade utilization of full spectrum solar energy for achieving simultaneous hydrogen production and all-day thermoelectric conversion

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第9期96卷 318-327页

作者： Tuo Zhang Liang Dong Baoyuan Wang Jingkuo Qu Xiaoyuan Ye Wengao Zeng Ze Gao Bin Zhu Ziying Zhang Xiangjiu Guan Liejin Guo International Research Center for Renewable Energy(IRCRE) State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049ShaanxiChina

Solar-driven photocatalytic water/seawater splitting holds great potential for green hydrogen ***,the practical application is hindered by the relatively low conversion efficiency resulting from the inadequate utilization of solar spectrum with significant waste in the form of ***,current equipment struggles to maintain all-day operation subjected to the lack of light during ***,a novel hybrid system integrating photothermal catalytic(PTC)reactor,thermoelectric generator(TEG),and phase change materials(PCM)was proposed and designed(named as PTC-TEG-PCM)to address these challenges and enable simultaneous overall seawater splitting and 24-hour power *** PTC system effectively maintains in an optimal temperature range to maximize photothermal-assisted photocatalytic hydrogen *** TEG component recycles the low-grade waste heat for power generation,complementing the shortcoming of photocatalytic conversion and achieving cascade utilization of full-spectrum solar ***,exceptional thermal storage capability of PCM allow for the conversion of released heat into electricity during nighttime,contributing significantly to the overall power output and enabling PTC-TEG-PCM to operate for more than 12 h under the actual *** to traditional PTC system,the overall energy conversion efficiency of the PTC-TEG-PCM system can be increased by∼500%,while maintaining the solar-to-hydrogen *** advancement of this novel system demonstrated that recycling waste heat from the PTC system and utilizing heat absorption/release capability of PCM for thermoelectric application are effective strategies to improve solar energy *** flexible parameter designing,PTC-TEG-PCM can be applied in various scenarios,offering high efficiency,stability,and sustainability.

关键词： Hybrid solar energy conversion system Photocatalytic overall seawatersplitting Thermoelectric power generation Phase change materials All-day operation

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