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Hydrocarbon generation reaction kinetics study on supercritical water conversion of centimeter sized medium and low maturity organic-rich shale

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Petroleum Science 2025年

作者： Xie, Tian Zhao, Qiu-Yang Jin, Hui Wang, Ye-Chun Guo, Lie-Jin College of New Energy Xi'an Shiyou University Shaanxi Xi'an710065 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi'an710049 China

Accurate prediction of the composition of pyrolysis products is the prerequisite for achieving directional regulation of organic-rich shale pyrolysis and conversion products. In this paper, the classical segmented pyrolysis kinetics model and a new refined pyrolysis kinetics model were used to forecast the composition distribution of hydrocarbon generation products co-heated by supercritical water and medium and low maturity organic-rich shale. The prediction accuracy of the two reaction kinetics models for the composition of pyrolysis products of organic-rich shale was compared. The reaction path of hydrocarbon generation in centimeter sized organic-rich shale under the action of supercritical water was identified. The results show that the prediction accuracy of the classical segmented pyrolysis kinetics model was poor at the initial stage of the reaction, and gradually increased with increasing time. The prediction error can reach less than 25% when the reaction time was 12 h. The new refined model of reaction kinetics established is better than the classical reaction kinetics model in predicting the product distribution of pyrolysis oil and gas, and its prediction error is less than 14% in this paper. The reaction paths of hydrocarbon generation in centimeter sized organic-rich shale under supercritical water conversion mainly include organic-rich shale directly generates asphaltene and saturated hydrocarbon, asphaltene pyrolysis generates saturated hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbon and resin, saturated hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbon and resin polymerization generates asphaltene, and saturated hydrocarbon, resin and asphaltene generates gas. The reason for the difference of centimeter sized and millimeter sized medium and low maturity organic-rich shales hydrocarbon generation in supercritical water is that the increase of shale size promotes the reaction path of polymerization of saturated hydrocarbon and aromatic hydrocarbon to asphaltene. © 2025 The Author

关键词： Crystallization kinetics

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3D In2S3/C/Fe3C nanofibers for Z-scheme photocatalytic CO2 conversion to acetate

Materials Today Catalysis

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Materials Today Catalysis 2023年 3卷

作者： Liao, Chen Jing, Wenhao Wang, Feng Liu, Ya International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi 710049 China

Constructing a Z-scheme heterostructure is of great significance to achieve efficient photocatalytic CO2 conversion without sacrificial reagents. However, the fabrication of a well-suited Z-scheme remains a challenge. In this work, we constructed a Z-scheme system with a suitable band structure by in-situ hydrothermal growth of In2S3 nanosheets on electrospun Fe3C/Carbon fibers with 3D structure. The Z-scheme electron transport path is verified by the calculation of the energy band structure calculation and the method of photodeposition, indicating that In2S3 and Fe3C are reduction reaction sites and oxidation reaction sites respectively. Carbon fibers serve as both the skeleton of the 3D structure and the electron mediator from Fe3C to In2S3. Moreover, the DFT calculation demonstrates that the introduction of Fe3C can reduce the energy barrier of *CO and *COH coupling on In2S3, and weaken the bonding of In-S, thereby enhancing the product selectivity towards acetate. Owing to the efficient charge transfer of the Z-scheme system, the photocorrosion in In2S3 is also greatly reduced, showing a relatively stable chemical composition after several hours of reaction. Compared with In2S3 and Fe3C/C, In2S3-C/Fe3C composites showed a significantly increased acetate evolution rate of 11.33 μmol/h/g without any sacrificial reagents. This work provides important insights into the design and research of the photocatalyst system that combines a monolithic 3D structure and a Z-scheme charge flow for efficient CO2 conversion. © 2023 The Authors

关键词： Carbon fibers

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Changing Conditions and Thermodynamic Transient Characterization of Therminol VP-1 Oil-Water Heat Exchanger

Changing Conditions and Thermodynamic Transient Characteriza...

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power System and New Energy Technology Innovation Forum (NPSIF), Boao New power System International Forum -

作者： Shuai Dong An Zheng Peng Wang Chaoyang Wang HUANENG YIMIN COAL-POWER CO. LTD. Hulunbuir China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China

ISBN: (数字)9798331504557

ISBN: (纸本)9798331504564

In this paper, the exergy efficiency of high-pressure heater feedwater in a coal-fired power generation thermal system heated with Therminol VP-1 as the thermal fluid is investigated, and the transient characteristics of the heat exchanger are analyzed after changes in heat transfer oil parameters. The results show that the exergy efficiency of Therminol VP-1 for heating feedwater tends to decrease as the unit load decreases. The exergy efficiency for heating high pressure heater feedwater was 80% to 90%, with a maximum of 90.3%. The time required to reach the new steady state after perturbation of the boundary parameters of the oil-water heat exchanger increased with the load rate, with a minimum of 200 s and a maximum of 500 s in the study range. the new steady state was reached more quickly with increasing load than with decreasing load.

关键词： Thermodynamics Technological innovation Oils Water heating power system stability Thermal analysis Steady-state Transient analysis Heat transfer Turbines

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Study on Variable Condition of Large Temperature Differential Heating System With Integrated Ejector Heat Pump

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Kung Cheng Je Wu Li Hsueh Pao/Journal of engineering Thermophysics 2022年第4期43卷 863-869页

作者： Wang, Li-Yuan Liu, Ji-Ping Fu, Yue Liu, Ming Yan, Jun-Jie Key Laboratory of Heat Flow Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China

In the case of increasing urban heating demand, reducing the return water temperature of primary heating network can improve the heating capacity and utilize and recycle low-temperature waste heat resources. The ejector heat pump can use the high temperature heat source of the primary heat network to reduce the temperature of the return water, it has the advantages of simple structure, stable and reliable operation. In this paper, a model of ejector heat pump system is established to study the variable operating conditions of ejector heat pump system under central heating regulation. The results show that the ejector heat pump can effectively reduce the primary heat network return water temperature, and the primary network return water temperature can be reduced by 22 degree centigrade under the same primary network water supply temperature. With the increase of water supply temperature of primary network, the temperature of primary network return water, COP of the heat pump system and ejector ejection ratio increase gradually, the exergy efficiency decreases gradually. In the process of heating regulation, with the increases of outdoor temperature, the primary network return water temperature increases continuously, and the exergy efficiency decreases gradually;However, when the outdoor temperature is lower than the local design temperature, the ejector ejection ratio and the COP of the heat pump system decrease sharply. © 2022, Science Press. All right reserved.

关键词： Water temperature

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Novel Matching Strategy for the Coupling of Heat Flux in Furnace Side and CO_(2)Temperature in Tube Side to Control the Cooling Wall Temperatures

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Journal of Thermal Science 2021年第4期30卷 1251-1267页

作者： LIU Chao MIAO Zheng XU Jinliang XU Zeyu LI Mingjia Beijing Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer for Low Grade Energy Utilization North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System North China Electric Power UniversityMinistry of EducationBeijing 102206China Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education School of Energy&Power EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China

Required by the supercritical carbon dioxide(s CO_(2))coal-fired power cycle,s CO_(2)entering a boiler has a high temperature and can cause overheating of *** eliminate the pressure drop penalty effect,the s CO_(2)boiler consists of several modules,each having different heat flux received from the furnace side(q)and different CO_(2)temperature in the cooling wall tube(T_f).We aim to search for the best matching strategy coupling furnace side and tube side to obtain the lowest temperature of *** theoretically analyzing the wall temperature influenced by q,T_f and a comprehensive thermal resistance C,two matching methods are introduced:the heat flux-temperature matching(HTM)which matches higher q with lower T_f,and the heat flux-heat flux matching(HHM)that matches higher q with higher allowable-heat-flux at the temperature limit of *** is a conventional method but HHM is newly proposed *** show that,if C is identical for different modules,the two methods coincide;otherwise,HHM is *** a s CO_(2)boiler driving 1000 MWe power plant,smaller cooling wall temperatures are obtained by HHM than *** on HHM,the mid-partition wall,heat transfer enhancement,and downward flow are comprehensively used,decreasing the wall temperature significantly.

关键词： sCO_(2)power cycle sCO_(2)modular boiler cooling wall temperature allowable heat flux matching strategy

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Experimental Study on the Propagation Mechanism of Acetylene-Air Detonation Waves in a Unilaterally Intermittently Constrained Channel

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Gai, Jingchun Qiu, Hua Xiong, Cha Zhao, Minghao He, Xinlu Yang, Zhan Feng, Zhiyuan Cehn, Xitao Huang, Zuohua School of Power and Energy Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an710072 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China

This study experimentally explores the propagation mechanisms of acetylene/air detonation waves within a channel intermittently constrained on one side, utilizing soot foil and high-speed schlieren photography to capture the cellular structure and shock-flame evolution. The experiments revealed that the detonation waves traverse the semi-enclosed channel with various discrete wall configurations on the side in four distinct propagation modes: (I) periodic detonation failure and re-initiation;(II) single extinction and re-initiation;(III) localized extinction and (IV) non-extinction. Mode I occurs exclusively when the open area ratio exceeds 0.85, while detonation tends to favour Mode II when the gaps between discrete walls exceed three times the cell size;otherwise, it tends towards Modes III and IV. The re-initiation mechanism of detonation involves curvature shocks inducing local explosions of reactive mixtures through multiple Mach reflections off the discrete walls. The self-sustained propagation mechanism of the detonation wave is maintained by the interaction of strong transverse shocks reflected from discrete walls with the inherent transverse waves within the detonation structure, sustaining the instability of the cellular detonation. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Detonation

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Sequential Growth of Cs_(3)Bi_(2)I_(9)/BiVO_(4)Direct Z-Scheme Heterojunction for Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic CO_(2)Reduction

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Transactions of Tianjin University 2023年第6期29卷 462-472页

作者： Long Jiang Hanrui Du Le Li Xiangjiu Guan Yihao Zhang Liwei Li Xiaoxu Liu Lei Li Yingcheng Tian Li Zhang Shuai Wang Jie Chen Shaohua Shen State Key Laboratory for Performance and Structure Safety of Petroleum Tubular Goods and Equipment Materials CNPC Tubular Goods Research InstituteXi’an 710077China International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China CNPC National Engineering Research Center for Oil and Gas Drilling Equipment Co. Ltd.Baoji 721002China China Coal Energy Research Institute Co. Ltd.Xi’an 710049China

The high exciton binding energy and lack of a positive oxidation band potential restrict the photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction efficiency of lead-free Bi-based halide perovskites Cs_(3)Bi_(2)X_(9)(X=Br,I).In this study,a sequential growth method is presented to prepare a visible-light-driven(λ>420 nm)Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst composed of BiVO_(4)nanocrystals decorated on a Cs_(3)Bi_(2)I_(9)nanosheet for photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction coupled with water *** Cs_(3)Bi_(2)I_(9)/BiVO_(4)Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst is stable in the gas-solid photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction system,demonstrating a high visible-light-driven photocatalytic CO_(2)-to-CO production rate of 17.5μmol/(g·h),which is approximately three times that of pristine Cs_(3)Bi_(2)I_(9).The high efficiency of the Cs_(3)Bi_(2)I_(9)/BiVO_(4)heterojunction was attributed to the improved charge separation in Cs_(3)Bi_(2)I_(9).Moreover,the Z-scheme charge-transfer pathway preserves the negative reduction potential of Cs_(3)Bi_(2)I_(9)and the positive oxidation potential of BiVO_()*** study off ers solid evidence of constructing Z-scheme heterojunctions to improve the photocatalytic performance of lead-free halide perovskites and would inspire more ideas for developing leadfree halide perovskite photocatalysts.

关键词： Lead-free halide perovskite Z-scheme heterojunction CO_(2)reduction Visible-light photocatalysis Charge transfer

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A Preliminary Study on the Blistering Behavior of Dispersion Plate-Type Fuel Assembly

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Yu, Songjiao Zhang, Kui Yang, Yiming Liu, Yumin Tian, Wenxi Qiu, Suizheng School of Nuclear Science and Technology Shanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy and Technology State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China

The dispersion plate fuel assembly, owing to its favorable characteristics of low temperature gradient, high stability, and excellent thermal conductivity, has become a focal point in the research of novel high-performance fuel elements. However, the current literature lacks a comprehensive understanding of the fuel plate's performance, particularly with regard to the bubbling phenomenon in the fuel plate cladding. In this study, we have implemented a fission gas release model, building upon previous analyses of fuel plate performance under steady-state operation. By comparing our calculation results with the Forsberg-Massih model, we find a close correspondence in trends, thereby validating the accuracy of our computational approach. Furthermore, we utilize the upgraded FROBA-PLATEs code to predict the blistering behavior of fuel plates under specific quasi-steady-state conditions. Our results demonstrate that the occurrence position and threshold temperature of blistering in the fuel assembly can be precisely predicted using this approach. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fission products

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Low temperature overpressurization analysis for CPR1000

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International Journal of Advanced Nuclear Reactor Design and Technology 2021年 3卷 145-153页

作者： Liang, Yu Wang, Mingjun Li, Zhen Liao, Haoyu Zhang, Dalin Tian, Wenxi Qiu, Suizheng Su, G.H. School of Nuclear Science and Technology Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy and Technology State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China Huaneng Shandong ShidaoBay Nuclear Power Plant China

An additional low temperature overpressure protection system which relies on the Pressurizer (PRZ) pressure relief valves has been put forward under the situation in which the Residual Heat Removal System (RHRS) is unavailable or isolated. Taking into account the risk of Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) brittle fracture and LOCA under cold overpressurization transients, it is urgent to strengthen the low temperature overpressure protection for in-service Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR) in China. In this paper, the simulation and analysis of two types of overpressure transients at low temperature during the shutdown process are carried out through the detailed Relap5 modeling of CPR1000. The results show that the place where the brittle fracture occurs firstly is the lower plenum. The sensitivities of the system temperature and the opening/closing time of the additional protection system's valve are analyzed. The system set point becomes more restrictive at lower coolant temperature. Additional threshold values of the PRZ pressure relief valve are given under different Effective Full power Years (EFPY). The set point should be less than 5.5 MPa in the case of 5 EFPY and less than 3.7 MPa at 10 *** results can be applied to engineering practice, which can effectively improve the safety of CPR1000. © 2021

关键词： Pressure relief valves

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Co-Optimization for Distributed Multi-Energy System Based on Multi-Objective Robust Stackelberg Game: Energy Management and Multi-Energy Pricing

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Ren, Xiaoxiao Wang, Jinshi Yang, Sifan Zhao, Quanbin Jia, Yifan Ou, Kejie Hu, Guangtao Yan, Junjie State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China School of Energy Engineering Yulin University Yulin719000 China

To achieve low-carbon operation of distributed multi-energy system (DMES) and enhance its activity in the energy market, this paper proposes a novel multi-objective Stackelberg game model. The DMES operator (DMEO) acts as the leader, guiding users' behavior through DMES optimal scheduling and multi-energy pricing. The optimization objectives include maximizing DMEO revenues, minimizing DMES primary energy consumption and carbon emissions. The users act as followers, adjusting energy demand based on upper-level energy pricing with the objective of maximizing consumption surplus. To achieve the low-carbon and flexible operation of DMES, carbon trading and demand response mechanisms are introduced. The upper-level model is solved using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm III (NSGA-III), while the lower-level model is solved by the Gurobi solver. Furthermore, a robust optimization model with adjustable robust measure is established to mitigate the impact of renewable energy uncertainty. Finally, the validity of the proposed model is verified by a data center in Qinghai. Compared with traditional Stackelberg game model, the proposed model reduces DMEO revenue by 0.63% but decreases carbon emissions by 1.64% and energy consumption by 1.59%. Under this optimization framework, the energy efficiency and exergy efficiency of DMES are 0.798 and 0.535, and the share of renewable energy is 34.6%. Besides, increasing renewable energy uncertainty leads to lower DMEO revenue, higher carbon emissions and energy consumption, while significantly reducing energy efficiency and exergy efficiency. The proposed multi-objective Stackelberg game model may provide some references for multi-stage energy system optimization. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy utilization

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