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Polarized imaging dynamic light scattering for simultaneous measurement of nanoparticle size and morphology

Particuology 2024年第2期85卷 213-223页

作者： Bingyao Wang Tianyi Cai Xiaoshu Cai Wu Zhou Zeqi Liu Schoolof Energy and Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai200093China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering Shanghai200093China Jiaxing MeaParTech Instrument Technology Co. LtdZhejiang314000China

The performance of nanoparticles is often affected by particle size and ***,electron microscopy or atomic force microscopy is typically utilized to determine the size and morphology of ***,there are issues such as difficult sample preparation,long processing times,and challenges in quantitative ***,it is of great significance to develop a fast,accu-rate,and statistical method to measure the size and morphology of *** this study,a new method,called polarized imaging dynamic light scattering(PIDLS),is *** nanoparticles are irradiated with a vertical linearly polarized laser beam,and a polarization camera collected the dynamic light scattering images of particles at four different polarization directions(0°,45°,90°,and 135°)at a scattering angle of 90°.The average particle size and distribution are obtained using the imaging dy-namic light scattering method at 0°polarization direction,and the morphology of the particles is ob-tained based on the depolarization patterns of the scattered *** optical sphericityΦis defined based on the degree of linear polarization(DoLP).It is also implemented for the quantitative evaluation of the sphericity of the nanoparticles,including spherical,octahedral,nanoplate,nanorod,and linear *** with the Poincarésphere parameterψ,the morphology of the nanoparticles can be roughly *** addition,PIDLS enables the measurement of particle size and morphology distributions simultaneously for evaluating the uniformity of *** effectiveness of PIDLS is verified by the measurement of five kinds of industrial titanium dioxide as well.

关键词： Imaging dynamic light scattering Polarized light scattering Non-spherical nanoparticles Morphology Online measurement

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Nanomaterials for renewable hydrogen production,storage and utilization

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2012年第6期22卷 522-534页

作者： Samuel S.Mao Shaohua Shen Liejin Guo Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California at Berkeley.BerkeleyCA 94720United States Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California at Berkeley.BerkeleyCA 94720.United States International Research Center for Renewable Energy.State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering.Xi'an Jiaotong University International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong University

An ever growing demand for energy coupled with increasing pollution is forcing us to seek environmentally clean alternative energy resources to substitute fossil *** rapid development of nanomaterials has opened up new avenues for the conversion and utilization of renewable *** article reviews nanostructured materials designed for selected applications in renewable energy conversion and *** review is based on the authors’ research,with particular focus on solar hydrogen production,hydrogen storage and hydrogen *** topics include photoelectrochemical(PEC) water splitting and photocatalytic hydrogen production, solid-state hydrogen storage,and proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs).It is expected that the rational design of nanomaterials could play an important role in achieving a renewable energy based economy in the coming decades.

关键词： Nanomaterials Renewable energy Hydrogen production Fuel cell Hydrogen storage

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Electrospinning engineering of gas electrodes for high-performance lithium-gas batteries

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Carbon Energy 2024年第10期6卷 353-398页

作者： Jingzhao Wang Xin Chen Jianan Wang Xiangming Cui Ze Wang Guangpeng Zhang Wei Lyu Maxim Shkunov S.Ravi P.Silva Yaozu Liao Kai Yang Wei Yan State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringSchool of Energy and Power EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina Advanced Technology Institute University of SurreyGuildfordSurreyUK State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghaiChina

Lithium-gas batteries(LGBs)have garnered significant attention due to their impressive high-energy densities and unique gas conversion ***,the practical application of LGBs faces substantial challenges,including sluggish gas conversion kinetics inducing in low-rate performance and high overpotential,along with limited electrochemical reversibility leading to poor cycle *** imperative task is to develop gas electrodes with remarkable catalytic activity,abundant active sites,and exceptional electrochemical ***,a versatile and well-established technique for fabricating fibrous nanomaterials,has been extensively explored in LGB *** this work,we emphasize the critical structure-property for ideal gas electrodes and summarize the advancement of employing electrospun nanofibers(NFs)for performance enhancement in *** elucidating the fundamental principles of LGBs and the electrospinning technique,we focus on the systematic design of electrospun NF-based gas electrodes regarding optimal structural fabrication,catalyst handling and activation,and catalytic site optimization,as well as considerations for large-scale *** demonstrated principles and regulations for electrode design are expected to inspire broad applications in catalyst-based energy applications.

关键词： carbon nanofibers electrocatalyst electrospinning gas electrodes metal-gas batteries

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Accelerated methane storage in clathrate hydrates using surfactantstabilized suspension with graphite nanoparticles

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Chinese Journal of Chemical engineering 2020年第4期28卷 1112-1119页

作者： Liang Yang Xin Wang Daoping Liu Guomin Cui Binlin Dou Juan Wang Shuqing Hao Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University of Electric PowerShanghai 200090China National Engineering Research Center of Coal Preparation and Purification China University of Mining&TechnologyXuzhou 221116China

In this study,enhanced kinetics of methane hydrate formation in the sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)solution with different concentrations of suspended graphite nanoparticles(GNPs)were investigated at 6.1-9.0 MPa and 274.15 *** GNPs with rough surfaces and excellent thermal conductivity not only provided a considerable number of microsites for hydrate nucleation but also facilitated the fast hydrate heat transfer in the suspension *** a relatively low pressure of 6.1 MPa,the suspension with 0.4 wt%of GNPs exhibited the minimum induction time of 22 min and maximum methane uptake of 126.1 cm3·***,the methane storage performances of the suspensions with higher and lower concentrations of GNPs were not *** the applied pressure,the temperature increase arising from the hydrate heat in the suspension system with the optimized concentration(0.4 wt%)of GNPs was more significant than that in the traditional SDS ***,compared with those of the system without GNPs,enhanced hydration rate and storage capacity were achieved in the suspensions with GNPs,and the storage capacities were increased by 3.9%-17.0%.The promotion effect of GNPs on gas hydrate formation at low pressure is much more obvious than that at high pressure.

关键词： methane storage clathrate hydrates formation kinetics suspension graphite nanoparticles

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Multi-Objective optimization of oil–gas cyclone separators considering liquid storage in the tank bottom

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Separation and Purification Technology 2025年 374卷

作者： Wang, Lingzi Du, Wei Liu, Ruiyi Feng, Jianmei Peng, Xueyuan Cao, Feng School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi'an710049 China The First Gas Plant of PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company Shaanxi Jingbian718500 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China

As an efficient separation device, the gas–liquid cyclone separator has been widely used in oil injection compressor systems. It can effectively reduce the oil content in the high-pressure airflow, directly affecting the fuel consumption, operating efficiency, and exhaust quality parameters of compressors, making it crucial to enhance the separator's performance. Given the critical role of geometric configuration in determining cyclone separator efficiency, this study comprehensively considers several influencing factors including the structure parameters. Taguchi method and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to quantify the contribution of three factors to the performance percentage of the separator, and the dual-objective optimization of the efficiency and pressure drop of the separator was carried out with the grey correlation analysis method. In the simulation calculation, this paper employs the DPM-to-VOF method coupled with the Euler wall film (EWF) to simulate the oil droplet particle separation process, featuring model transformation capabilities under specified conditions. The investigation culminates in the development of a parametric-performance prediction model and establishes optimal operational parameters for cyclone separators: the inlet velocity (vin) should be set at 24.49 m/s, the height of the inner cylinder of the separator tank (Ht) should be 1.2 times the diameter, and the buffer height between the inner cylinder and the liquid surface (Hm) should be 0.9 times the diameter. © 2025

关键词： Cyclone separators

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Experimental Study on Convective Boiling Heat Transfer in Vertical Narrow-Gap Annular Tube

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Journal of Thermal Science 2001年第2期10卷 148-152页

作者： Li Bin He Anding Wang Yueshe Zhou Fangde The national laboratory of multiphase flow in power engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China The National Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an China

Experiments are conducted to investigate the characteristics of single-phase forced-flow convection and boiling heat transfer of R113 flowing through annular tube with gap of l, 1.5 and 2.5 mm. and also the visualization test are carried out to get two-phase flow regime. The data show that the Nusselt numbers for the narrow-gap are higher than those predicted by traditional large channel correlation and boiling heat transfer is enhanced. Based on the data obtained in this investigation, correlations for single-phase, forced convection and flow boiling in annular tube of different gap size has been developed.

关键词： annular tube single-phase forced convection boiling heat transfer narrow gap.

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Study on TMD Control on Stability Improvement of Barge-Supported Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Based on the Multi-Island Genetic Algorithm

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China Ocean engineering 2019年第3期33卷 309-321页

作者： DING Qin-wei LI Chun CHENG Shan-shan HAO Wen-xing HUANG Zhi-qian YU Wan School of Energy and Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering Shanghai 200093 China School of Engineering University of Plymouth Devon PL4 8AA UK

A floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) has a great potential in producing renewable energy as offshore wind resource is rich in deep sea area (water deeper than 60 m) where fixed foundations are cost-effective or deployable. However, compared with a fixed-bottom installation, FOWT has to suffer more extreme loads due to its extra degrees of freedom. Therefore, the stability of an FOWT is a key challenge in exploiting offshore deep-water wind. Focusing on the stability of barge-type FOWT, this paper is to investigate the effect of passive structural control by equipping a tuned mass damper (TMD) on the nacelle. The turbulent wind with sharp fluctuations is established both in velocity and inflow direction based on standard Kaimal turbulence spectrum as suggested in the standard IEC61400-2. The irregular wave is generated according to the Pierson-Moskowitz spectrum. The dynamic structural characteristics of FOWT are calculated based on the fully coupled aero-hydro-servo-elastic solver FAST. Evidence has shown that the proposed method of the nacelle-based TMD is effective in controlling stability of an FOWT, as the sway and roll motions of barge and the side-side displacement of tower top decreased significantly. With the increase of mass, the side-side displacement of tower-top and the amplitude of roll motion of barge reveal a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. The stiffness and damping have little effect. Furthermore, the multi-island genetic optimization algorithm (MIGA) is employed to find globally optimum structural parameters (mass, stiffness and damping) of the TMD. The optimum structure parameters of TMD are achieved when the mass is 21393 kg, damping is 13635 N/(m/s) and stiffness is 6828 N/m. By adopting the optimized TMD, stability of roll motion of barge and side-side displacement of tower-top increase up to 53% and 50% respectively when compared with the normal TMD. The simulation results verify the validity and reliability of the proposed TM

关键词： FOWT barge TMD MIGA wind wave stability

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Boosting photocatalytic hydrogen production via interfacial engineering over a Z-scheme core/shell heterojunction

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Nano Research 2023年第1期16卷 352-359页

作者： Bing Luo Jinghua Li Wei Wang Chaoqian Ai Haihan Zhang Yuxin Zhao Dengwei Jing School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China International Research Center for Renewable Energy&State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China

Designing high efficacy photocatalysts is a promising way to improve solar fuel production *** this work,we prepared a core/shell composite of loose ZnCr layered double hydroxide nanosheets modified CdS nanorods for efficient visible light driven photocatalytic hydrogen *** highest hydrogen production rate achieved 425.8μmol·h^(−1) without adding any noble metal cocatalyst under the visible light stimulus,which is 22.4 times that of 1 wt.%Pt-modified *** corresponding apparent quantum yield is 13.9%at 420 *** is revealed that the synergistic actions of the interfacial redox shuttle of Cr^(3+)/Cr^(δ+)and the interfacial electric field enable the efficient separation of photoinduced charge carriers between two components via a Z-scheme energy band ***,with the hydrogen evolution contribution of Zn^(2+),a remarkable improvement in photocatalytic performance was achieved in contrast to bare *** work provides an effective methodology to construct highly efficient and economically viable photocatalysts for solar H_(2)production and mechanistic study.

关键词： photocatalysis heterojunction interfacial engineering noble metal free hydrogen production

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Technological innovations on direct carbon mitigation by ordered energy conversion and full resource utilization

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Carbon Neutrality 2022年第1期1卷 598-619页

作者： Liejin Guo Zhisong Ou Ya Liu Zhiwei Ge Hui Jin Guobiao Ou Mengmeng Song Zihao Jiao Wenhao Jing State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityNo.28Xianning West RoadXi’an 710049People’s Republic of China

Coal consumption leads to over 15 billion tons of global CO_(2) emissions annually,which will continue at a considerable intensity in the foreseeable *** remove the huge amount of CO_(2),a practically feasible way of direct carbon mitigation,instead of capturing that from dilute tail gases,should be developed;as intended,we developed two innovative supporting technologies,of which the status,strengths,applications,and perspective are discussed in this *** is supercritical water gasification-based coal/biomass utilization technology,which orderly converts chemical energy of coal and low-grade heat into hydrogen energy,and can achieve poly-generation of steam,heat,hydrogen,power,pure CO_(2),and *** other one is the renewables-powered CO_(2) reduction techniques,which uses CO_(2) as the resource for carbon-based fuel *** combining the above two technical loops,one can achieve a full resource utilization and zero CO_(2) emission,making it a practically feasible way for China and global countries to achieve carbon neutrality while creating substantial domestic benefits of economic growth,competitiveness,well-beings,and new industries.

关键词： Carbon neutrality Coal utilization Direct carbon mitigation Supercritical water gasification Renewable energy CO_(2)reduction

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Numerical study of EGR effects on reducing the pressure rise rate of HCCI engine combustion

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中国高等学校学术文摘·能源与动力工程 2010年第3期4卷 376-385页

作者： Gen CHEN Norimasa IIDA Zuohua HUANG State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China Graduate School of Science and Technology Keio University Japan Graduate School of Science and Technology Keio University Japan State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China

The effects of the inert components of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) gas on reducing the pressure rise rate of homogeneous charge compression ignition engine combustion were investigated numerically by utilizing the CHEMKIN II package and its SENKIN code, as well as Curran's dimethyl ether reaction scheme. Calculations were conducted under constant volume combustion and engine combustion (one compression and one expansion only, respectively) conditions. Results show that with constant fuel amount and initial temperature and pressure, as EGR ratio increases, combustion timings are retarded and the duration of thermal ignition preparation extends non-linearly; peak values of pressure, pressure rising rate (PRR), and temperature decrease; and peak values of heat release rate in both low temperature heat release (LTHR) and high temperature heat release decrease. Moreover, maximum PRR decreases as CA50 is retarded. With constant fuel amount, mixtures with different EGR ratios can obtain the same CA50 by adjusting the initial temperature. Under the same CA50, as EGR ratio increases, the LTHR timing is advanced and the duration of thermal ignition preparation is extended. Maximum PRR is almost constant with the fixed CA50 despite the change in EGR ratio, indicating that the influence of EGR dilution on chemical reaction rate is offset by other factors. Further investigation on the mechanism of this phenomenon is needed.

关键词： HCCI engine combustion EGR DME CA50 PRR

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