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Development of a two-phase flow solver with two-fluid model based on OpenFOAM: Validation against two-phase boiling flow

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Annals of Nuclear Energy 2025年 220卷

作者： Wu, Wenqiang Huang, Tao Du, Peng Feng, Zhenyu Zhang, Dalin Zhou, Lei Song, Gongle Deng, Jian Qiu, Zhifang Tian, Wenxi Qiu, Suizheng Su, Guanghui State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy and Technology School of Nuclear Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi'an710049 China Nuclear Power Institute of China 328 Changshun Avenue Chengdu610213 China

The continuous advancement in computer technology and mathematical-physical models has significantly propelled the development of numerical reactor technology. There is a growing focus on high-fidelity, multi-scale, and multi-physics coupling within a unified framework. OpenFOAM, based on the finite volume method, has emerged as a promising tool for addressing this challenge. This study explores its capabilities in system-level scales, successfully developing a two-fluid, six-equation solver. The realistic closure models cover flow and heat transfer scenarios within vertical channels under pre-CHF conditions. A virtual thermal structure accounts for conjugate heat transfer between the fluid and the solid. Furthermore, the solver adheres to the discretization and solution principles within the OpenFOAM framework. The developed solver has been extensively validated against experimental data for two-phase boiling flow, with results showing good agreement, thereby demonstrating the solver's success. This work builds upon previous efforts involving the drift-flux solver and indicates that OpenFOAM can effectively handle one-dimensional or system-level scale calculations. It provides robust support for future endeavors in multi-scale and multi-physics coupling technologies. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Finite volume method

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FeCl₃-Catalyzed Multifunctional LMCT and HAT for Synthesis of Benzo[c]Coumarins from 2-Methyl-1,1′-Biaryls at Ambient Temperature

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ChemCatChem 2025年

作者： Wang, Hui-Lin Niu, Wen-Ting Zhang, Wen-Min Shi, Meng-Xin Li, Yang Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 712064 China

In this study, we report FeCl3-catalyzed multifunctional ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) for the synthesis of benzo[c]coumarins from 2-methyl-1,1′-biaryls. This catalytic syste... 详细信息

In this study, we report FeCl₃-catalyzed multifunctional ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) for the synthesis of benzo[c]coumarins from 2-methyl-1,1′-biaryls. This catalytic system is straightforward, only using FeCl₃·6H₂O as the catalyst and air as the oxidant under visible-light irradiation at ambient temperature. Mechanistic studies indicate that multifunctional LMCT and HAT processes generate chlorine radicals and aryl carboxyl radicals, which are key active species that facilitate the smooth transformation. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Aryl carboxyl radical Benzo[c]coumarins Chlorine radical Iron photocatalysis Multifunctional LMCT and HAT

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Chromium Promoted the Efficient and Stable Catalytic Degradation of Propane Over Pt/Hzsm-5 Catalyst: Optimization and Reaction Mechanism

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Jian, Yanfei Xu, He Wang, Yao Wang, Jingjing Xia, Lianghui Liu, Yujie Yu, Yanke He, Chi State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi'An710049 China National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing101408 China Yunnan University China

Light alkanes are a class of ubiquitous volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which bring great environmental hazards and health risks. However, low-temperature degradation of light alkanes is still a great challenge. Herein, a series of Pt/HZSM-5 catalysts without/with additives of Cr were fabricated. Catalytic performance of the catalyst for C3H8 low temperature combustion was investigated. It was found that Cr element had a significant effect on the activity of Pt/HZSM-5. Pt/Cr1/HZSM-5 performed the best activity for C3H8, excellent high temperature stability and water resistance. Characterization results of catalysts indicated that the introduction of Cr element could fix Pt site to promote the dispersion of Pt on the support. Moreover, the interaction between Cr and Pt produced more active Pt species, surface active lattice oxygen and acidic sites, which could promote the activation of C-H bonds in C3H8. Theoretical calculations showed that the interface between Pt and Cr had stronger adsorption for O2 and C3H8, which could accelerate propane oxidation. In this study, the effect of transition metal elements on the promotion of noble metal catalysts in the low-temperature degradation of light alkanes was discussed in depth, and it provided a reference for the design of efficient noble metal molecular sieve catalysts. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Molecular sieves

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Functional expression of proton pumps in Rhodobacter sphaeroides enhanced energy supply and photo-fermentative hydrogen production

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Bioresource Technology 2025年 432卷 132666页

作者： Mu, Xuefang Xu, Yuntong Ma, Yu Gao, Zixuan Feng, Jiali Wang, Minmin Cao, Wen Guo, Liejin State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xianning West Rood Xi'an710049 China College of Biology and Oceanography Weifang University Shandong Weifang261061 China

Photo-fermentative hydrogen production by Rhodobacter sphaeroides (R. sphaeroides) is an energy-consuming process. In this study, a proton-pumping channel (Proteorhodopsin (PR) or Gloeobacter rhodopsin (GR)) was introduced into R. sphaeroides HY01. The results indicated that PR could enhance the biomass of the strain during periods of resource scarcity. The cumulative hydrogen yield of mutant strains (HY01-PR and HY01-GR) increased by 66 % and 75 % compared with HY01 when glucose was fed, respectively. Notably, HY01-GR demonstrated tolerance to high acetate concentrations (93 mM). Moreover, the introduction of proton-pump resulted in a reduction of catabolism carbon flow and the accumulation of various metabolites. This study also confirmed that proton pump overexpression generated more ATP in the late stages of fermentation by coupling ATP synthase. Overall, these findings suggest that proton pumps could potentially be applied to photosynthetic organisms to regulate growth metabolism and enhance the production of valuable compounds. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Metabolites

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Proposal and performance analysis on thermal energy storage systems with live and reheat steam as heat sources to co-enhance the operational flexibility and efficiency of coal-fired power plants

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Journal of Energy Storage 2025年 127卷

作者： Yang, Shuokang Liu, Ming Zhang, Kezhen Liu, Miaomiao Yan, Junjie State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China Xi'an Thermal Power Research Institute Co. Ltd. Xi'an710054 China

The high penetration of intermittent renewable power threatens the steady operation of the power grid, and the operational flexibility of schedulable power plants should be enhanced. Thermal energy storage (TES) emerges as a promising technique to enhance the operational flexibility of coal-fired power plants (CFPPs). In this study, molten salt thermal storage systems utilizing live and reheat steam as heat sources were proposed, and the steam ejectors were integrated to recover the residual pressure of exhausted steam from the TES system to co-enhance the operational flexibility and energy efficiency of coal-fired power plants. Two TES system schemes, i.e., the scheme D1 storing medium-temperature heat to heat feedwater afterwards, and the scheme D2 storing high-temperature heat to generate steam afterwards, were designed. Then, simulation models were developed, and performance indicators were defined. Results indicate that the operational flexibility of the coal-fired power plant can be enhanced by the integration of the TES system, and the adjustable minimum load ratio can be decreased from 30 % to 17.71 % and 17.83 % for the schemes D1 and D2, respectively. When the steam ejectors are integrated, the equivalent round-trip efficiency can be increased by 1.60 % and 2.43 % for schemes D1 and D2, respectively. The scheme D2 shows a higher equivalent round-trip efficiency of 46.69 %, surpassing the scheme D1. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Fossil fuel power plants

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Confinement Effect Enhanced Ultra-Low Temperature Tolerance in Organo-Hydrogels with High Electrical Conductivities for Soft Electronics

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Advanced Functional Materials 2025年

作者： Wang, Jing Yao, Yanqiu Hao, Xin Pan, Jiahao Zhuang, Tiantian Guo, Liejin Wang, Hong State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710054 China School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710054 China

Conducting organo-hydrogels is promising for soft electronics applications. However, conventional organo-hydrogels typically exhibit low electrical conductivity (−1) at subzero temperatures (←20 °C), severe... 详细信息

Conducting organo-hydrogels is promising for soft electronics applications. However, conventional organo-hydrogels typically exhibit low electrical conductivity (<5 S cm⁻¹) at subzero temperatures (←20 °C), severely limiting their utility in low-temperature soft electronics. In this work, a PEDOT:PSS-based all-polymer organo-hydrogel are developed with ultralow-temperature tolerance down to −90 °C and record high electrical conductivity up to 698.3 ± 37.3 S cm⁻¹. The high electrical conductivity is due to a developed preparation method and the ultra-low temperature tolerance property is attributed to the suppression of the coagulation of the organo-hydrogel with alcohols as well as the confinement effects of the porous structure existing in the hydrogel films. The obtained highly conductive organo-hydrogel films exhibit high performance in thermoelectrics, electromagnetic interference shielding, and stretchable strain sensors in subzero temperatures. A thermal driven grabber has been fabricated to demonstrate the good flexibility, the good strain–stress property, and the good Joule-heating ability of the conducting organo-hydrogels at low temperatures. This work extends the operational temperature limits of organo-hydrogel electronics to extreme cold environments (>−90 °C). © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： air-stable all polymer organo-hydrogels high electrical conductivity PEDOT:PSS ultra-low temperature tolerance

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Enhancing thin film boiling heat transfer through electric field and surface Macro-Structure Synergy: Insights from bubble dynamics modulation

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International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 2025年 249卷

作者： He, Changqiu Tian, Jiameng Chen, Yiqi Zhu, Yuchen Liu, Xin Wang, Hai Wang, Zhentao Cai, Benan Wang, Changqing Wang, Junfeng Zhou, Zhifu Chen, Bin School of Energy and Power Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang212013 China School of Energy and Power Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China Laboratory of Thermo-fluid Science and Nuclear Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Northeast Electric Power University Jilin 132012 China National Key Laboratory of Marine Engine Science and Technology Shanghai 201108 China

Improving boiling heat transfer in thin liquid films by employing external electrical fields and macro-structured surfaces presents promising for tackling the growing difficulties related to high-heat-flux thermal management in electronic devices. In this study, six distinct macro-structured surfaces are designed and fabricated to gain insight into how liquid film thickness, structural parameters, and applied voltage affect the efficiency of boiling heat transfer with ethanol as the coolant. High-speed imaging and precise heat transfer measurements are employed to characterize the boiling performance, providing insights into the underlying fundamentals driving the observed enhancements. Results reveal that applying a 4-kV voltage increases departure frequency of bubble by 86 % and a 28 % reduction in diameter, causing a 20 % improvement in critical heat flux (CHF). CHF is positively correlated with liquid film thickness and pin height, but negatively with pin spacing, achieving a 139 % increase under optimal conditions. Liquid film thickness was found to have the most significant impact on CHF, followed by pin spacing and applied voltage. By simplifying the void fraction equation, a new CHF correlation is proposed that introduces a dimensionless characteristic length, representing the relative effects between bubble size and film thickness, while accounting for the synergy between the electric field and surface macro-structure. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Electric heating

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Decoupling the heating and reduction processes in solar-driven two-step thermochemical cycle by coupling it with thermal power generation

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Energy 2025年 324卷

作者： Zhu, Liya Mao, Jinxin Du, Jinyang Han, Fengshuang Zhao, Kai Lu, Youjun School of Electrical Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou450001 China School of Energy and Power Engineering North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power Zhengzhou450001 China School of Mechanical and Power Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou450001 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China

Solar-driven H2O/CO2 splitting via two-step thermochemical cycle is a promising path for renewable fuel production. However, the energy losses caused by the high solar thermal temperature and the significant technical challenges in oxygen carrier heat recovery have long hindered its efficiency improvement. In this work, the two-step cycle was proposed to couple with a thermal power generation process to recover the process heat, and the electricity generated was proposed to be used in the reduction step, for which the solar heating and reduction processes can be decoupled. Thermodynamic evaluation shows that an efficiency advantage over the traditional cycling mode can be expected even when the solar thermal temperature is 50 K lower. It is 16.1 % at Tred = 1773 K and Tsolar = 1723 K, significantly higher than that of the traditional cycle working at Tred = 1773 K with 95 % gas heat and 40 % solid heat recovered (13.6 %). The novel cycling mode not only provides a practical heat recovery strategy, but also creates a completely new space for further lowering the solar thermal temperature and brings about obvious engineering advantages. It is supposed to be of important implications in promoting the practical application of the technology. © 2025

关键词： Solar heating

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Evaporation of sub-millimeter flying dinitrogen tetroxide droplet under high temperature and pressure: Experimental measurement and theoretical modeling

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2025年第05期 82-93页

作者： Lihan FEI Wu ZHU Yuyuan ZHANG Peng ZHANG Zuohua HUANG Chenglong TANG State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong Kong

The evaporation behaviors are crucial for the flame location estimation in liquid rocketengines. This work, for the first time, experimentally reports the sub-millimeter droplet evaporationcharacteristics of the corrosive dinitrogen tetroxide（NTO, one prevailing hypergolic oxidizer） athigh ambient pressure up to 4.5 MPa. An in-house corrosion-resistant droplet generator is usedto generate isolated flying droplets of sub-millimeter size, which are then exposed in a gas environ-ment with temperatures between 1 010 K and 1 210 K and pressures in the range between 2.0 MPaand 4.5 MPa, provided by an optical rapid compression machine. Parallelly, a theoretical modelconsidering both the droplet ambient convection and the NTO dissociation is developed. Resultsindicate that firstly, the present theoretical model that considers the transient droplet-ambient con-vection as well as the temperature and pressure dependent rate of dissociation shows good agree-ment with the experimentally observed droplet lifetime. In addition, the flying droplets velocityregress gradually due to momentum exchange with the ambient, which is more prominent at higherpressure. The evaporation caused droplet size reduction is consistent with the classical D2-law pre-diction, in the present temperature and pressure range. Finally, higher temperature and pressureaccelerate the evaporation and an empirical correlation for the temperature and pressure dependentevaporation rate constant is proposed, which shows good agreement with experiment and simula-tion results.

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Pilot-Scale Photoreforming of Hydrolyzed Polylactic Acid Waste to High-Value Chemicals and H2 via Atomic Ru Integration

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Advanced Energy Materials 2025年第0期

作者： Liu, Feng Zhang, Chunyang Lu, Kejian Yan, Xueli Wang, Yi Jing, Dengwei Guo, Liejin Liu, Maochang International Research Center for Renewable Energy & State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi'an710049 China Suzhou Academy of Xi'an Jiaotong University Jiangsu Suzhou215123 China

Photoreforming of polylactic acid (PLA) waste into valuable chemicals offers a promising approach for environmental protection and waste valorization, yet faces challenges of low yields and harsh conditions. Herein, a Cd0.5Zn0.5S nanotwin catalyst decorated with Ru single atoms and clusters is reported, enabling selective photoreforming of PLA into pyruvic acid (PA) and H2. It is demonstrated that Ru single atoms favor PA formation via hydroxyl dissociation, while the further incorporation of Ru clusters serve as active sites for H2 production. This synergistic effect significantly enhances photocatalytic performance, achieving 96.8% PA selectivity and efficient H2 production with a record-breaking apparent quantum efficiency of 83.7% at 400 nm. This approach is scalable for outdoor processes, utilizing direct 1 m2 sunlight irradiation to deliver ≈1191 mL h−1 of H2 and 47.27 mmol h−1 of PA from PLA waste, paving a viable pathway for large-scale simultaneous production of high-value chemicals and H2. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Photolysis

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