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Verification and validation plus uncertainty quantification of heat transfer simulation for liquid metal in wire-wrapped rod assembly

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International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 2025年 165卷

作者： Liu, Zhenglong Zhong, Peiling Qiu, Hanrui Wang, Mingjun Tian, Wenxi Su, Guanghui State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Department of Nuclear Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China

A complete CFD best practice process is proposed, including Phenomena Identification and Ranking Table (PIRT), Verification and Validation (V&V), and Uncertainty Quantification (UQ). The heat transfer of liquid metal within a rod assembly under both normal and blocked conditions is used as an example to demonstrate the full CFD process. key flow and heat transfer phenomena are identified, and model sensitivity analyses are performed based on these phenomena. Turbulent Prandtl models, porous blockage models and different meshing strategies sensitivity analysis are conducted. Uncertainty quantification is performed. The discretization uncertainty is calculated using the Grid Convergence Index (GCI). The convergence orders are greater than unity for all cases except the fluid temperature in the blocked condition using meshing strategy 2. The input parameter uncertainty is estimated using finite difference. The model uncertainty is derived. Under normal condition, the model uncertainty of the wall and fluid temperatures are 2.88 K and 3.37 K, respectively. Under blocked condition, the model uncertainty of wall temperature is slightly higher than fluid temperature. The wall temperature uncertainty for strategies 1 and 2 are 8.46 K and 9.03 K, while the fluid uncertainty of strategy 1 and 2 are 3.57 K and 3.06 K, respectively. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Liquid metals

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Experimental Study of Air-Steam–Mixture Condensation Underneath Containment Vessel Surface

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Nuclear Science and engineering 2021年第8期195卷 838-852页

作者： Bing Tan W. X. Tian R. H. Chen S. Z. Qiu G. H. Su a Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Nuclear Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering 28 Xianning West Road Xi’an 710049 Chinab South China University of Technology School of Electric Power Guangzhou 510640 China a Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Nuclear Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering 28 Xianning West Road Xi’an 710049 China

Aiming at studying the condensate flow phenomenon and air-steam–mixture condensation heat transfer underneath a containment vessel surface, a test bench was constructed. The plate dimension was 1.5 × 0.6 m, with Carbozinc 11 coating on the surface, suspended in a pressure vessel with 2.5-m diameter and 4.5-m height. The air-steam mixture was condensed on an inclined plate through natural convection mode and jet mode. By observing flow behavior on the plate through a viewport, four basic regimes were obtained as the inclination angle gradually increased: droplet, droplet to rivulet transition, developed rivulet, and uniform film. During the experiment, we observed a steam atomization phenomenon; therefore, the model predicted better with the atomization effect considered. A simple formula from the condensation data is proposed when the air mole fraction is small. The error between the experimental results and the predicted data is within 25%.

关键词： Passive cooling system steam condensation flow regime new empirical correlation

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Modeling and prediction of ultrasonic attenuations in liquid-solid dispersions containing mixed particles with Monte Carlo method

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Particuology 2019年第2期17卷 84-91页

作者： Jianfei Gu Fengxian Fan Yunsi Li Huinan Yang Mingxu Su Xiaoshu Cai Institute of Particle and Two-Phase Flow Measurement/Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 China

We develop a theoretical model for predicting the ultrasonic attenuation in the liquid-solid system containing mixed particles. The ultrasonic attenuation coefficient is obtained by counting the number of phonons that reach the receiver. Using the Monte Carlo method (MCM), numerical simulations were performed to predict the ultrasonic attenuations with not only a single particle type but also monodisperse and polydisperse mixed particles. The simulation results for the systems with a single particle type were compared with various standard models. The results show that they agree well at relatively low particle volume concentrations (within 10%). For systems with mixed particles, the particle volume concentrati on was found to in crease to around 10%, and the variation of the ultrasonic attenuation agai nst the mixing ratio yields a nonlinear trend. Moreover, the ultrasonic attenuation is significantly affected by particle properties. The numerical results also show that both the particle type and particle size distribution should be carefully taken into account in the dispersions with polydisperse mixed particles, where the MCM can give a more direct description of the physics of sound propagation compared with the conventional models.

关键词： Ultrasound Ultrasonic attenuation Monte Carlo method Particle size measurement

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Numerical study on the influence of plugging rate on the performance of adjustable steam ejector

International Journal of Fluid Engineering

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International Journal of Fluid engineering 2024年第2期1卷 50-60页

作者： Jianxiang Gao Zepeng Yuan Yuyan Hou Weixiong Chen State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049People’s Republic of China

During the operation of thermal power plant systems, severe challenges to the quality and safety of the heat supply arise owing to the effects of peak regulation. Steam ejectors, widely employed in the district heating sector, often exhibit poorer performance under off-design conditions as a result of their fixed structure. This study analyzes the effects of varying plugging rate, primary pressure, and induced pressure on the performance of adjustable steam ejectors. As the plugging rate increases, the mass flow rate of the primary fluid decrease, potentially falling below 32%, and that of the induced fluid initially experiences a minor increase, followed by a rapid decrease. Concurrently, the critical back pressure also decreases with an increase in the plugging rate, potentially falling by up to 65%. By contrast, the entrainment ratio surges with increasing plugging rate, with the maximum increase reaching up to 4.75 times. Under the same primary steam pressure and induced steam pressure, there exists an optimal entrainment ratio. Furthermore, both the critical back pressure and the optimal entrainment ratio increase as the primary steam pressure and induced steam pressure increase.

关键词： performance steam optimal

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Comparison of chemical composition and acidity of size-resolved inorganic aerosols at the top and foot of Mt. Hua, Northwest China: The role of the gas-particle distribution of ammonia

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Science of the Total Environment 2023年 905卷 166985页

作者： Feng, Qiao Liu, Haijiao Dai, Wenting Cao, Yue Shen, Minxia Liu, Yali Qi, Weining Chen, Yukun Guo, Xiao Zhang, Yifan Li, Lu Zhou, Bianhong Li, Jianjun State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi'an710061 China College of Geography and Environment Baoji University of Arts and Sciences Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Monitoring and Mechanism Simulation Baoji721013 China Xi'an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research Xi'an710061 China National Observation and Research Station of Regional Ecological Environment Change and Comprehensive Management in the Guanzhong Plain Shaanxi China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China

Aerosol pH is not only a diagnostic indicator of secondary aerosol formation, but also a key factor in the specific chemical reaction routes that produce sulfate and nitrate. To understand the characteristics of aerosol acidity in the Mt. Hua, the chemical fractions of water-soluble inorganic ions in the atmospheric PM2.5 and size-resolved particle at the top and foot of Mt. Hua in summer 2020 were studied. The results showed the mass concentrations of PM2.5 and water-soluble ions at the foot were 2.0–2.6 times higher than those at the top. The secondary inorganic ions, i.e., SO42−, NO3−, and NH4+ (SNA) were 56 %–61 % higher by day than by night. SO42− was mainly distributed in the fine particles (Dp 3− showed a unimodal size distribution (peaking at 0.7–1.1 μm) at the foot and a bimodal (0.7–1.1 μm and 4.7–5.8 μm) size distribution at the top. At the top site, the distribution of NO3− in coarse particles (> 2.1 μm) was mainly attributed to the gaseous HNO3 volatilized from fine particles reacting with cations in coarse particles to form non-volatile salts (such as Ca(NO3)2). The pH values of PM2.5 were 2.7 ± 1.3 and 3.3 ± 0.42 at the top and foot, respectively. NH4+/NH3(g) plays a decisive role in stabilizing aerosol acidity. In addition, the increase of the liquid water content (LWC) at the foot facilitates the gas-particle conversion of NH3, while the H+ concentration was diluted, resulting in a decrease in acidity at the foot. NH4+/NH3 had good linear correlations with SO42−, NO3−, and LWC during the daytime at both sites, indicating that SO42−, NO3−, and LWC together affect the gas-particle distribution of ammonia by day: however, the effect of LWC at night was not evident. © 2023

关键词： Ammonia

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Suppressing Condensation Frosting Using Micropatterned Ice Walls

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Zuo, Zichao Zhao, Yugang Li, Kang Zhang, Hua Yang, Chun Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai200093 China Key Laboratory of Icing and Anti/De-icing China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center Sichuan Mianyang621000 China School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore639798 Singapore

Condensation frosting is encountered ubiquitously in our daily life and numerous industrial applications, rooting many detrimental consequences in heat transfer and mechanical stabilities. In latest decades, both active de-frosting and passive anti-frosting methods have been developed. In this work, we adopt the concept of three-dimensional overlapping dry zones by patterning microscopic ice walls on a smooth substrate, engendering a sustainable frost coverage of less than 10%. Patterned ice walls prevent vapor deposition on the substrate base by absorbing all incoming moisture on upper sidewalls, leaving the substrate base free of contaminates from both frost and condensate. To ensure vapor preferentially depositing on upper sidewalls, a critical ice wall height exists, below which fine ice grains initiate in the adjacent of the substrate base and grow substantially faster, compromising the anti-frosting performance. The proposed surface shows reasonable durability when exposed to varying substrate supercooling, and frost coverage may increase due to covering and fracturing of the out-of-plane growth of feather-like ice clusters at large substrate supercooling. Our findings provide an effective anti-frosting surface design that doesn’t require any chemical or mechanical modifications on the targeted surfaces, showing great advantages compared to conventional icephobic surface designs. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ice

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Hierarchical growth of a novel Mn-Bi coupled BiVO4 arrays for enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting

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Nano Research 2019年第3期12卷 575-580页

作者： Lu Wang Jinzhan Su Liejin Guo International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School cf Energy & Power Engineering Xian Jiaotong University Xian 710049 China

Oxygen evolving catalyst (OEC) is a critical determinant for the efficiency of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. Here we report an approach to depositing a novel manganese borate (Mn-Bi) OER catalyst on BiVO4 nanocone photoanode by photodeposition in sodium borate buffer solution containing Mn(Ⅱ) ions. Due to the spontaneous photo-electric-field-enhancement effect at the vertically oriented BiVO4 nanocone structure, spherical Mn-Bi nanoparticle was selectively photodeposited at the apex of BiVO4 nanocone. Significant improvement of photocurrent was observed for the obtained hierarchical Mn-Bi/BiVO4 photoanode which could be ascribed to enhanced hole injection efficiency, especially in low bias region. It was observed that the injection efficiency of Mn-Bi/BiVO4 is 98% which gave a photocurrent of 0.94 mA/cm^2 at 1.5 V vs. RHE.

关键词： bismuth vanadate photoelectrochemistry solar water splitting oxygen evolution

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Theoretical study on flow and radiation in tubular solar photocatalytic reactor

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Frontiers in Energy 2021年第3期15卷 687-699页

作者： Qingyu WEI Yao WANG Bin DAI Yan YANG Haijun LIU Huaijie YUAN Dengwei JING Liang ZHAO International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Powering EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China Beijing Aerospace Propulsion Institute Beijing 100076China School of Energy and Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China

In this paper,based on the mixture flow model,an optimized six-flux model is first established and applied to the tubular solar photocatalytic *** influencing photocatalyst distribution and radiation distribution at the reactor outlet,*** concentration and circulation speed,are also *** is found that,at the outlet of the reactor,the optimized six-flux model has better performances(the energy increase by 1900%and 284%,respectively)with a higher catalyst concentration(triple)and a lower speed(one third).

关键词： photocatalytic hydrogen photoreactor numerical simulation solar energy flow model radiation model

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Investigation of the Effect of Phosphate in Wastewater on the Electrochemical Performance of Cofe-Ldh@Ni Foam Adsorbents as Supercapacitor Electrode Materials

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Hong, Xianyong Shi, Mingxing Li, Jinghua Xia, Mingzhu Du, Ping Wang, Fengyun School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing210094 China International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China

Reducing P(V) in the environment is the key to solving the problem of eutrophication in water bodies. In this work, CoFe-LDH@NF composites were successfully prepared by a simple one-step hydrothermal method and efficiently obtained P(V) from wastewater. The P(V) in the phosphate undergoes a reduction reaction under a high temperature H2 atmosphere and reacts with the metal salt to form a metal phosphide (Co-Fe-P@NF). The electrochemical analysis shows that the reaction of P with metal elements to form the corresponding phosphide can effectively enhance the electrochemical properties of the composite. The specific capacitance of Co-Fe-P@NF is as high as 3.71 F/cm2 at a current density of 1 mA/cm2 and the specific capacitance retention rate is 81.7% after 2000 cycles of charging and discharging at a current density of 10 mA/cm2 . Furthermore, asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) were assembled with activated carbon (AC) as the negative electrode and Co-Fe-P@NF as the positive electrode with a voltage window of up to 1.6 V. Co-Fe-P@NF//AC ASC device allows the timer to operate generally for more than 75 mins. The excellent energy storage performance on the supercapacitor electrode material provides an effective solution for recycling the adsorbent. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Supercapacitor

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Novel Design of In-Situ Hydrogen Sorption/Storage Integrated Enhanced Hydrogen Production in Supercritical Co2 Gasification, Air Gasification, and Steam Gasification from Biomass

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Yang, Tiebing Tie Dou, Binlin Zhang, Hua Wu, Kai Ning, Luo Chen, Haisheng Xu, Yujie Li, Wei Wu, Chunfei School of Energy and Power Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai200093 China Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Department of Energy Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Queen's University Belfast BelfastBT7 1NN United Kingdom

Novel process on in-situ hydrogen sorption/storage during water gas shift (WGS) was proposed and the enhanced hydrogen production in supercritical CO2 gasification (CG), air gasification (AG), and steam gasification (SG) from biomass was integrated. The effects of temperature, pressure, steam-to-carbon (S/C) ratio, and adsorbent content for in-situ hydrogen sorption/storage on the enhanced hydrogen production were determined. The energy and exergy analysises under different thermodynamic conditions were calculated and compared. The results show that as the temperature increases, the hydrogen conversion and yield from water gas shift (WGS) reaction with in-situ hydrogen sorption/storage based on Mg-based sorbent were greatly increased, in which SG has the highest hydrogen yield and AG has the highest hydrogen conversion. The steam-to-carbon (S/C) ratio has a positive effect on the hydrogen production for all the processes, and also presents an effect on in-situ hydrogen sorption/storage during WGS. The methanation reaction was greatly inhibited by AG. The energy requirement order was SG> CG >AG, and the system energy can be supplied by in-situ hydrogen sorption/storage. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Biomass

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