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Irreversibility Analysis of a Recuperative Heater during Undergoing the flowrate Impulsive Disturbance Transient Processes

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Energy Procedia 2019年 158卷 5311-5316页

作者： Chaoyang Wang Yongliang Zhao Zhu Wang Ming Liu Junjie Yan State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an 710049 China

The recuperative heater is widely used in the industrial production processes, and the irreversibility analysis on the heater during transients is scarce but necessary. Numerical method was adopted to model the recuperative heat exchanger to exhibit its dynamic behaviors during transient processes. The difference between the transient and stationary irreversibility can be called additional irreversibility. In this paper, the dynamic behaviors of the recuperative heater during transients are presented. With these thermal parameters, the irreversibility of a recuperative heater during hot and cold fluid flow rates impulsive disturbance transient processes was calculated and analyzed in detail. The calculation results show that: compared with steady-state corresponding value, the real-time irreversibility rate of the heater during transients is different. The total additional irreversibility values with impulsive disturbance in hot and cold fluid flow rates are obtained separately.

关键词： Recuperative heaters Irreversibility analysis Dynamic modeling Transisent processes

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Tapered optical fiber photocatalysis enhances hydrogen production

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Nano Energy 2025年 142卷

作者： Wenshuo Yao Xueli Yan Feng Liu Shidong Zhao Zhongyuan Li Yi Wang Yitao Si Maochang Liu International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an Shaanxi 710049 P R China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southeast University Nanjing Jiangsu 211189 P R China Suzhou Academy of Xi’an Jiaotong University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P R China

Optical fibers offer a promising platform for photocatalytic reactions owing to their low resistance to light-mass transfer. However, light energy diminishes during propagation, leading to uneven catalyst interaction along the fiber surface. Here, we report a photocatalytic water splitting system using a tapered optical fiber coated with Cd 0.5 Zn 0.5 S as a model photocatalyst. Tapering the fiber intensifies light distribution, primarily directing it from the sides, thereby significantly enhancing light-catalyst interaction. Compared to conventional optical fiber, the tapered fiber leads to an obvious enhancement towards hydrogen production. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of tapered optical fiber photocatalysis, providing a novel proof-of-concept for photocatalytic hydrogen production.

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Solid-state anaerobic co-digestion of highland barley straw, food waste, and yak manure:Co-digestion performances and microbial characteristics analysis

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Renewable Energy 2025年 252卷

作者： Rui Bao Jiaqi Feng Wenli Feng Xiujin Li Xuebin Lu Xiaoyu Zuo Rufei Liu Hairong Yuan State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 PR China Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of MOE School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University 28 Xianning West Road Xi'an Shanxi Province 710049 PR China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University 28 Xianning West Road Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710049 PR China School of Environmental·Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 PR China Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering and Pollution Control on the Plateau of Tibet Autonomous Region School of Ecology and Environment Tibet University Lhasa Tibet 850000 PR China CUCDE Environmental Technology CO. LTD. Beijing 100120 PR China

Co-digestion performances and microbial characteristics were investigated at solid-state anaerobic co-digestion system for highland barley straw (HBS), food waste (FW) and yak manure (YM). The different mixing ratios of HBS, FW, and YM were set according to the total solid content of different substrates. The results showed that the highest methane was 465.9 mL/g VS when the ratio of HBS:FW:YM was 0:5:1(HFY051), which was 4.5 %–102.6 % higher than those of co-digestion groups, HBS, and YM. The synergistic effect of co-digestion for different substrates contributed 6.3 %–123.1 % to improving methane yields in the first 25 days. Clostridium_sensu_stricto 1 and Fastidiosipila were the key bacterials and Methanosarcina and Methanobacterium were dominant methanogens at genus levels for different experimental groups. LEfSe indicated that 26 species have a great impact on co-digestion experimental groups. Therefore, solid-state anaerobic co-digestion of HBS, FW, and YM could improve the co-digestion performances and achieve higher methane yield.

关键词： Food waste Highland barley straw Microbial community Solid-state anaerobic co-digestion Yak manure

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Tailoring Second Coordination Sphere for Tunable Solid–Liquid Interfacial Charge Transfer toward Enhanced Photoelectrochemical H2Production

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Angewandte Chemie 2024年第22期136卷

作者： Dr. Yangguang Hu Dr. Wu Zhou Dr. Wanbing Gong Prof. Chao Gao Prof. Shaohua Shen Prof. Tingting Kong Prof. Yujie Xiong Anhui Engineering Research Center of Carbon Neutrality The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Anhui Normal University 241002 Wuhu Anhui China Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale School of Chemistry and Materials Science University of Science and Technology of China 230026 Hefei Anhui China These authors equally contributed to this work International Research Centre for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University 710049 Xi'an Shaanxi China

The recombination of photogenerated charge carriers severely limits the performance of photoelectrochemical (PEC) H 2 production. Here, we demonstrate that this limitation can be overcome by optimizing the charge transfer dynamics at the solid–liquid interface via molecular catalyst design. Specifically, the surface of a p-Si photocathode is modulated using molecular catalysts with different metal atoms and organic ligands to improve H 2 production performance. Co(pda-SO 3 H) 2 is identified as an efficient and durable catalyst for H 2 production through the rational design of metal centers and first/second coordination spheres. The modulation with Co(pda-SO 3 H) 2 , which contains an electron-withdrawing −SO 3 H group in the second coordination sphere, elevates the flat-band potential of the polished p-Si photocathode and nanoporous p-Si photocathode by 81 mV and 124 mV, respectively, leading to the maximized energy band bending and the minimized interfacial carrier transport resistance. Consequently, both the two photocathodes achieve the Faradaic efficiency of more than 95 % for H 2 production, which is well maintained during 18 h and 21 h reaction, respectively. This work highlights that the band-edge engineering by molecular catalysts could be an important design consideration for semiconductor–catalyst hybrids toward PEC H 2 production.

关键词： PEC H2 production molecular catalyst coordination sphere surface modulation charge transfer

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A review on thermohydraulic and mechanical-physical properties of SiC, FeCrAl and Ti 3 SiC 2 for ATF cladding

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Nuclear engineering and Technology 2020年第1期52卷 1-13页

作者： Bowen Qiu Jun Wang Yangbin Deng Mingjun Wang Yingwei Wu S.Z. Qiu Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy and Technology Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an City 710049 China University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI United States College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China

At present, the Department of Energy (DOE) in Unite State are directing the efforts of developing accident tolerant fuel (ATF) technology. As the first barrier of nuclear fuel system, the material selection of fuel rod cladding for ATFs is a basic but very significant issue for the development of this concept. The advanced cladding is attractive for providing much stronger oxidation resistance and better in-pile behavior under sever accident conditions (such as SBO, LOCA) for giving more coping time and, of course, at least an equivalent performance under normal condition. In recent years, many researches on in-plie or out-pile physical properties of some suggested cladding materials have been conducted to solve this material selection problem. Base on published literatures, this paper introduced relevant research backgrounds, objectives, research institutions and their progresses on several main potential claddings include triplex SiC, FeCrAl and MAX phase material Ti3SiC2. The physical properties of these claddings for their application in ATF area are also reviewed in thermohydraulic and mechanical view for better understanding and simulating the behaviors of these new claddings. While most of important data are available from publications, there are still many relevant properties are lacking for the evaluations.

关键词： ATF SiC f /SiC cladding FeCrAl cladding Ti3SiC2 cladding Physical properties

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Efficient electroreduction of NO 3 - to NH 3 via the tandem catalysis of CeO x /B-Cu 2 O NWs

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Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy 2025年 378卷

作者： Zhimin Yao Changzheng Lin Jiaxiang Gao Jiangtao Feng Mingtao Li Wei Yan Wenlong Zhang Hongjie Wang Hebei Key Laboratory of Close-to-Nature Restoration Technology of Wetlands School of Eco-Environment Hebei University Baoding 071002 China Department of Environmental Science & Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University 28 Xianning West Road Xi’an 710049 China International Research Center for Renewable Energy (IRCRE) State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (MFPE) Xi’an Jiaotong University 28 Xianning West Road Xi’an 710049 China Engineering Research Center of Ecological Safety and Conservation in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (Xiong’an New Area) of MOE China

Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction (eNitRR) has emerged as a carbon-free method for sustainable ammonia synthesis and wastewater treatment. However, the complex reaction intermediates and sluggish hydrogenation kinetics remain the key barriers of eNitRR. Herein, this work presented tandem catalysis strategy and developed a B-doped Cu 2 O nanowires decorated with CeO x to address the two critical issues. Our work presents a high-performance CeO x /B-Cu 2 O NWs catalyst for eNitRR, achieving an ammonia yield of 2.137 mmol h −1 cm −2 and a Faraday efficiency of 98.8 %, which are superior to those of most previously reported catalysts. At a voltage of −0.5 V vs. RHE, cyclic tests with 8 cycles verified the exceptional stability of the catalyst. In-depth in-situ characterization and density functional theory (DFT) computations demonstrated that doping with boron (B) enhances the adsorption of *NO 3 due to the interactions between metallic and non-metallic components. Subsequently, the incorporation of CeO x modifies the electronic structure of Cu 2 O, thereby promoting hydrolysis and ensuring a sufficient supply of active hydrogen. Moreover, we report the successful development of an innovative Zn-NO 3 battery, demonstrating remarkable performance characteristics with an open-circuit voltage of 1.182 V and an exceptional peak power density reaching 21.91 mW cm −2 . Furthermore, by integrating eNitRR with an air stripping process, we successfully recovered high-purity NH 4 Cl products, providing a practical pathway for converting nitrate in wastewater into valuable ammonia-based products. This work provides comprehensive insights into the mechanism of tandem catalysis for eNitRR through the B doping and CeO x heterostructure.

关键词： Cu-based catalysts Density-functional theory Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia Heterostructure Tandem catalysis

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Polymeric Carbon Nitride for Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting: Modification Strategies and Recent Advances

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2025年

作者： Anna Dai Zhenxiong Huang Li Tian Zheng Zhang Xiangjiu Guan Liejin Guo International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University No. 28 Xianning West Road Xi’an Shaanxi 710049 P. R. China Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Gas Accounting and Carbon Reduction Institute of Energy Research Jiangxi Academy of Sciences No. 7777 Changdong Avenue Nanchang 330096 P. R. China

Solar-driven photocatalytic overall water splitting (POWS) has emerged as a sustainable pathway for hydrogen production, yet faces intrinsic challenges in developing robust catalysts that balance efficiency, stability, and cost-effectiveness. Polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) represents as a promising metal-free photocatalyst for hydrogen production, due to the merits of unique electronic structure and exceptional thermal stability. Nevertheless, limited by rapid charge recombination and insufficient oxidative capability, little success has been achieved on pristine PCN photocatalyst in POWS. In this context, recent advances have demonstrated multi-dimensional modification strategies for improved POWS performance. Based on the fundamental principles of photocatalysis, this review discusses the advantages and challenges of PCN-based photocatalysts in POWS systems. With critical evaluation on one-step excitation systems and Z-scheme two-step excitation systems, modification strategies including crystallinity engineering, supramolecular precursor design, cocatalyst modulation, and construction of PCN-based heterojunctions and homojunctions were highlighted by introducing representative advances in POWS application over the past five years. Future perspectives for PCN-based photocatalysts are proposed, aiming to provide new insights for the design of advanced photocatalytic system for efficient POWS.

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A bundle CHF mechanism model and its preliminary verification under PWR conditions 18

A bundle CHF mechanism model and its preliminary verificatio...

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18th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics, NURETH 2019

作者： Liu, Yang Shan, Jianqiang Zhang, Bo Liu, Wei State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University No. 28 Xianning West Road Xi'an Shaanxi Province710049 China Nuclear Power Institute of China State Key Laboratory of System Desgin Technology Chengdu Sichuan Province610213 China

A bundle mechanistic model to predict critical heat flux (CHF) over a pressurized water reactor (PWR) operating range in flow boiling has been proposed based on a concept of the bubble crowding in the wall bubbly layer. The new bundle mechanistic model has the following differences with the original tube model proposed by Weisman & Pei. Firstly,the radial velocity distribution within the bundle was used to derive the radial turbulence intensity factor ib instead of the velocity distribution inside the tube. Secondly, a grid enhancement factor was introduced to quantify the effect of grid on CHF enhancement, based on the measurement experiment of the turbulence intensity factor ib with grid. Thirdly, for the turbulence intensity factor ib, the new model considers the influence of pressure and mass flow rate under two phases, and the original ib only considers the influence of mass flow rate. Finally, the new established bundle CHF mechanism model was verified by comparing with the typical PWR CHF data. © 2019 American Nuclear Society. All rights reserved.

关键词： Heat flux

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Spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion in non-Hermitian photonic graphene

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zhang, Zhaoyang Kokhanchik, Pavel Liu, Zhenzhi Shen, Yutong Liu, Fu Liu, Maochang Zhang, Yanpeng Xiao, Min Malpuech, Guillaume Solnyshkov, Dmitry Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices Ministry of Education Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique School of Electronic Science and Engineering Faculty of Electronics and Information Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Institut Pascal PHOTON-N2 Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS Clermont INP Clermont-FerrandF-63000 France International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures School of Physics Nanjing University Nanjing210093 China Paris75231 France

Optical beams with orbital angular momentum (OAM) have numerous potential applications, but the means used for their generation often lack crucial on-demand control. In this work, we present a mechanism of converting spin angular momentum (SAM) to OAM in a non-structured beam. The conversion occurs through spin-orbit coupling in a reconfigurable photonic honeycomb lattice with staggering implemented by electromagnetically-induced transparency in an atomic vapor cell. The spin-orbit coupling allows to outcouple the OAM signal from a particular band in a given valley determined by the chirality of light or the lattice staggering, providing a non-zero Berry curvature for generating OAM. The dependence of the output OAM on the chirality of the input beam is the first control knob. The staggering works as a second control knob, flipping the sign of OAM for the fixed chirality. The demonstrated conversion between SAM and OAM is important for optical communications. Our results can be extended to other implementations of paraxial photonic graphene. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Angular momentum

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Thermodynamic and safety analysis for hydrogen production in a supercritical water gasification system of coal by multi-oxidizers distribution

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Energy 2025年 331卷

作者： Kui Luo Runqiu Dong Xujun Li Zhiyong Peng Libo Lu Jialing Xu Hui Jin Liejin Guo State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (SKLMF) Xi'an Jiaotong University NO.28 Xianning West Road Xi'an 710049 Shaanxi Province China Dongfang Steam Turbine Co. Ltd. Deyang 618000 China Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Particle Technology Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Ganzhou 341000 China School of Smart Energy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 201100 China

Coal supercritical water gasification (SCWG) for hydrogen production technology is highly prospective due to the clean and efficient treatment process. A single oxidation reactor heating method is usually used in existing work limiting the efficient and stable operation of the system due to high component temperatures. This paper proposed the heat supply strategy of multi-oxidation reactor and heat exchanger layout to improve the system performance for the realization of reasonable matching of material flow and energy flow in each stage of the system. The improved system reduced the maximum temperature of the oxidation reactor from 1550 °C to 850 °C, and the system exergy efficiency and H 2 yield reached 49.30 % and 101 kg/h (at the mass ratio of coal to water of 1:10), respectively. The exergy flow results showed that the improved system exergy loss was concentrated in the oxidation reactor (34.00 %) heat exchanger (28.86 %), cooler (19.07 %), and gasification reactor (9.70 %). Exergy efficiency increased as the mass ratio of coal to water increased to the maximum exergy efficiency of 53.50 %. As the temperature increased from 600 °C to 675 °C, the exergy efficiency decreased from 53.10 % to 48.70 %. System adjustability analysis showed that the system can be stabilized over a 40 %–100 % range of feed fluctuations. This work may provide an optimization strategy for efficient operation and dynamic safety regulation of H 2 production by SCWG technology.

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