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Synthesis and application of transition metal phosphides as electrocatalyst for water splitting

Science Bulletin 2017年第9期62卷 633-644页

作者： Jinzhan Su Jinglan Zhou Lu Wang Cong Liu Yubin Chen International Research Center for Renewable Energy (IRCRE) State Key Laboratory for Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China

With continuous research on photocatalytic water splitting, searching for efficient catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) becomes popular topic in addition to main catalyst research. Transition metal phosphides are receiving intense attention due to its abundance in the Earth's crust and comparable catalytic properties to noble metals. In this review, the synthesis approaches, HER reaction mechanism,photocatalytic activity, approaches to improve the activity of transition metal phosphides were reviewed and discussed. It was showed that the transition metal phosphides have great potential to reduce the cost of photocatalyst and promising application on water splitting. The stability problem and participation of poisonous reactant and product in its synthesis reaction limit its application and developing in a certain extent, but with the continuous efforts on the development and improvement of the synthesis methods,transition metal phosphides will find wide application in water splitting.

关键词： Transition metal phosphide Electrocatalyst HER Photocatalytic water splitting

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Modulating the Electronic Metal-Support Interactions in Single-Atom Pt1−CuO Catalyst for Boosting Acetone Oxidation

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Angewandte Chemie 2022年第28期134卷

作者： Dr. Zeyu Jiang Dr. Mingjiao Tian Dr. Meizan Jing Prof. Shouning Chai Dr. Yanfei Jian Dr. Changwei Chen Prof. Mark Douthwaite Dr. Lirong Zheng Dr. Mudi Ma Prof. Weiyu Song Prof. Jian Liu Prof. Jiaguo Yu Prof. Chi He State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 Shaanxi P. R. China Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore Singapore 117543 Singapore Laboratory of Solar Fuel Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 P. R. China State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 P. R. China Max Planck-Cardiff Centre on the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis School of Chemistry Cardiff University Cardiff CF10 3AT UK Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101408 P. R. China

The development of highly active single-atom catalysts (SACs) and identifying their intrinsic active sites in oxidizing industrial hazardous hydrocarbons are challenging prospects. Tuning the electronic metal-support interactions (EMSIs) is valid for modulating the catalytic performance of SACs. We propose that the modulation of the EMSIs in a Pt 1 −CuO SAC significantly promotes the activity of the catalyst in acetone oxidation. The EMSIs promote charge redistribution through the unified Pt−O−Cu moieties, which modulates the d -band structure of atomic Pt sites, and strengthens the adsorption and activation of reactants. The positively charged Pt atoms are superior for activating acetone at low temperatures, and the stretched Cu−O bonds facilitate the activation of lattice oxygen atoms to participate in subsequent oxidation. We believe that this work will guide researchers to engineer efficient SACs for application in hydrocarbon oxidation reactions.

关键词： Acetone Oxidation Electronic Metal-Support Interactions Intrinsic Mechanism Single-Atom Catalysts

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Calcined [email protected] @Rh x Ni 1- x : A novel hierarchically oriented composition tunable catalyst for green and sustainable hydrogen generation

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Journal of Environmental Chemical engineering 2022年第3期10卷

作者： Yasir Abbas Zareen Zuhra Sahresh Majeed Muhammad Shuaib Khan Majid Basharat Deependra Tyagi Shafqat Ali Zhanpeng Wu Zhaojun Liu Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology 1088 Xueyuan Blvd Nanshan District Shenzhen 518055 PR China State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 PR China Department of Environment and Civil Engineering Dongguan University of Technology Dongguan 523808 PR China Institute of Chemical Sciences Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan 60800 Pakistan International Research Center for Renewable Energy (IRCRE) State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (MPFE) Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an 710049 PR China Institute for Advanced Study Shenzhen University Nanhai Avenue 3688 Shenzhen 518060 PR China

The ever decreasing amount of fossil fuels and increasing environmental pollution are alarming threats for green and sustainable future. Designing a new catalyst is, therefore, of paramount significance in the quest to discover sustainable, robust, and environmentally benign materials for clean and sustainable energy generation. Herein, we developed a hierarchically oriented catalyst of calcined poly(ferrocenedimethano)-cyclotriphosphazene-microspheres (CPFC-MS) supported with nickel-aluminum layered double hydroxide and decorated with nanoparticles (NPs) of rhodium-nickel, [email protected] x Ni 1 - x ( x = 2.06–6.75), for H 2 generation from ammonia borane (AB) hydrolysis . The highly active catalyst was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy , high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and TEM, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The as-fabricated [email protected] @Rh x Ni 1- x ( x = 2.06–6.75) catalysts were tested for AB hydrolysis and the results showed remarkable performance and higher stability for H 2 generation. The [email protected] @Rh 2.06 Ni 7.32 catalyst, having the lowest Rh-contents, exhibited maximum H 2 generation with a turn over frequency (TOF) of 780 mol H 2 hr −1 mol Rh −1 and an activation energy (E a ) of 40.3 kJ/mol with excellent sustainability . The superior activity is ascribed to the synergetic effect between RhNi NPs and their well-dispersion over hierarchically oriented [email protected] support, while higher stability due to LDH-AlNi/RhNi attractions. This work will provide new opportunities for polyphosphazenes and LDH derived hierarchically oriented sustainable catalysts for green energy production for sustainable future.

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Numerical and experimental studies on the influences of flow field on the measurement accuracy of ultrasonic water meters

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Measurement: Sensors 2021年 18卷

作者： Jieqiang Ji Jianying Zheng GuoFu Chen Xiaojie Wu NingNing Zhang Yan Fang Leming Cheng Zhejiang Province Institute of Metrology Hangzhou 310018 China National Centre of Quality Supervision and Testing on Liquid Flow Measuring Instruments Hangzhou 310018 China State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Institute for Thermal Power Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China

CFD modelling and experiments are carried out to study the influences of flow field on the measurement accuracy of ultrasonic water meters. The swirl generator and flow disturber are selected to change the flow field distributions inside the pipe. The calculation results show that the installation of left-handed swirl generator induces a specific flow pattern of the fluid inside the pipe, while the installation of flow disturber leads to the distortion of the axial velocity distributions. The critical distance of the fluid reaching the steady flow is 10D for left-handed swirl generator and flow disturber. In the experiment part, six different ultrasonic water meters are selected for the intrinsic errors tests. The results show that the installations of swirl generator and flow disturber induce the intrinsic errors shift to negative values. Compared with the flow disturber, the swirl generator has greater impact on the measurement accuracy.

关键词： flow field Disturbance generators Ultrasonic water meters CFD

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Current-Density Regulating Lithium Metal Directional Deposition for Long Cycle-Life Li Metal Batteries

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Angewandte Chemie 2021年第35期133卷

作者： Heng Mao Wei Yu Zhuanyun Cai Guixian Liu Limin Liu Rui Wen Yaqiong Su Huari Kou Kai Xi Benqiang Li Hongyang Zhao Xinyu Da Hu Wu Wei Yan Shujiang Ding Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry School of Chemistry Xi'an Jiaotong University & Shaanxi Quantong Joint Research Institute of New Energy Vehicles Power Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan-Dearborn Dearborn MI 48128 USA Department of Environmental Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China

Uncontrolled dendrite formation in the high energy density of lithium (Li) metal batteries (LMBs) may pose serious safety risks. While numerous studies have attempted to protect separators, these proposed methods fail to effectively inhibit upward dendrite growth that punctures through the separator. Here, we introduce a novel “orientated-growth” strategy that transfers the main depositional interface to the anode/current collector interface from the anode/separator interface. We placed a layer of cellulose/graphene carbon composite aerogel (CCA) between the current collector and the anode (LCL-bottom). This layer works as a charge organizer that induces a high current density and encourages Li to deposit at the anode/current collector interface. Both in situ and ex situ images of the electrode demonstrate that the anode part of the cell has been flipped; with the newly deposited particles facing the current collector and the smooth surface facing the separator. The electrode in half and full cells showed outstanding cyclic stability and rate capability, with the LCL-bottom/LFP full cell capable of maintaining 94 % of its initial capacity after 1000 cycles.

关键词： anode/separator interface depositional interface transfer lithium metal battery long cycles

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Cobalt oxide and carbon modified hematite nanorod arrays for improved photoelectrochemical water splitting

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2017年第12期28卷 2207-2211页

作者： Miao Wang Meng Wang Yanming Fu Shaohua Shen International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi'an fiaotong UniversityXi'on 710049China

Given the proper band gap, low cost and good stability, hematite （α-Fe2O3） has been considered as a promising candidate for photoelectrochemical （PEC） water splitting, however suffers from the sluggish surface water oxidation reaction kinetics. In this study, a simple dip-coating process was used to modify the surface of α-Fe2O3 nanorod arrays with cobalt oxide （COOx） and carbon （C） for the improved PEC performance, with a photocurrent density at 1.6V （vs. reversible hydrogen electrode, RHE） increased from 0.10 mA/cm2 for the pristine α-Fe2O3 to 0.37 mA/cm2 for the CoOx/C modified α-Fe2O3 nanorods. As revealed by electrochemical analysis, thanks to the synergistic effect of CoOx and C, the PEC enhancement could be attributed to the enhanced charge transfer ability, decreased surface charge recombination, and accelerated water oxidation reaction kinetics. This study serves as a good example for improving PEC water splitting performance via a simple method.

关键词： Hematite nanorodsSurface modificationPhotoelectrochemical water splittingWater oxidationElectrochemical impedance spectroscopy

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Exploration over combined impacts of modified piston bowl geometry and tert -butyl hydroquinone additive-included biodiesel/diesel blend on diesel engine behaviors

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Fuel 2022年 322卷

作者： Krupakaran Radhakrishnan Lawrence Zuohua Huang Xuan Phuong Nguyen Dhinesh Balasubramanian Vidyasagar Reddy Gangula Raghurami Reddy Doddipalli Van Vang Le Sachuthananthan Bharathy Anh Tuan Hoang Department of Mechanical Engineering Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering College Tirupati Andhra Pradesh India State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi’an 710049 China PATET Research Group Ho Chi Minh City University of Transport Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam Department of Mechanical Engineering Mepco Schlenk Engineering College Sivakasi India Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand Center for Alternative Energy Research and Development Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand Institute of Maritime Ho Chi Minh City University of Transport Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam Institute of Engineering HUTECH University Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam

Nowadays, the use of biodiesel for diesel engines has been attracting researchers aiming to improve engine characteristics although the engine performance could be decreased while utilizing biodiesel. In this aspect, optimizing the piston bowl geometry is one of the useful approaches to enhance the efficiency of the biodiesel-powered diesel engine. In this study, the standard piston of an existing diesel engine was modified into two different combustion bowls, namely Symmetrical Stepped Curved-V (SSCV) and Symmetrical Spline-V (SSV), to evaluate the CI engine performance powered with mixtures of sesame-originated biodiesel, diesel fuel, and tert -butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) additive through two-stage experiment. In the first phase, experiments were carried out on two modified piston bowls powered by diesel and S20 (20% sesame biodiesel + 80% diesel fuel). Resultantly, SSV piston revealed superior engine characteristics to SSCV piston and standard piston due to enhanced air–fuel mixing and more complete combustion of SSV piston-based engine. Indeed, SSV piston operation exhibited an 8.68% of increased brake thermal efficiency (BTE), 6.54% of curtailed brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), 4.76% of lowered carbon monoxide (CO), 4.84% of decreased unburnt hydrocarbon (HC), and 2.22% of lowered smoke opacity but with increased nitrogen oxide (NOx) by 14.14% in comparison to diesel. In the 2nd phase, to control the NOx emission effectively, a TBHQ additive was added to the S20 sample at different proportions (500 mg and 1000 mg) to analyze the test engine behaviors with modified piston shapes. As a result, S20 + 500 mg TBHQ at 100% load improved BTE by 5.79% and reduced BSFC by 4.36% in the case of SSV piston. Moreover, it curtailed emissions of CO, HC, NOx, and smoke opacity by 13.33%, 15.49%, 12.09%, and 9.44%, respectively, when equated with diesel. Overall, S20 + 500 mg TBHQ could be thought of as a possible alternative fuel on SSV piston as it resulted in superior p

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A mixed discontinuous Galerkin method with symmetric stress for Brinkman problem based on the velocity-pseudostress formulation

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Qian, Yanxia Wu, Shuonan Wang, Fei Wang, Fei School of Mathematics and Statistics Xi'An Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi710049 China School of Mathematical Sciences Peking University Beijing100871 China School of Mathematics and Statistics State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'An Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi710049 China

The Brinkman equations can be regarded as a combination of the Stokes and Darcy equations which model transitions between the fast flow in channels (governed by Stokes equations) and the slow flow in porous media (governed by Darcy?fs law). The numerical challenge for this model is the designing of a numerical scheme which is stable for both the Stokes-dominated (high permeability) and the Darcy-dominated (low permeability) equations. In this paper, we solve the Brinkman model in n dimensions (n = 2, 3) by using the mixed discontinuous Galerkin (MDG) method, which meets this challenge. This MDG method is based on the pseudostress-velocity formulation and uses a discontinuous piecewise polynomial pair PSk+1-Pk(k ≥ 0), where the stress field is symmetric. The main unknowns are the pseudostress and the velocity, whereas the pressure is easily recovered through a simple postprocessing. A key step in the analysis is to establish the parameter-robust inf-sup stability through specific parameter-dependent norms at both continuous and discrete levels. Therefore, the stability results presented here are uniform with respect to the permeability. Thanks to the parameter-robust stability analysis, we obtain optimal error estimates for the stress in broken H(div)-norm and velocity in L2-norm. Furthermore, the optimal L2 error estimate for pseudostress is derived under certain conditions. Finally, numerical experiments are provided to support the theoretical results and to show the robustness, accuracy, and flexibility of the MDG method. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Stability

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Cover Feature: Hollow Carbon Sphere-Modified Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Efficient Photocatalytic H2Production (Chem. Eur. J. 68/2021)

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Chemistry – A European Journal 2021年第68期27卷

作者： Dr. Jinghua Li Dr. Lunqiao Xiong Dr. Bing Luo Prof. Dengwei Jing Dr. Jiamei Cao Prof. Junwang Tang International Research Center for Renewable Energy & State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 P. R. China Department of Chemical Engineering University College London London WC1E 7JE UK School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 P. R. China

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Optimization Design of Axial Fan Blade

Optimization Design of Axial Fan Blade

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第三届中国国际透平机械学术会议

作者： Yu-jing Wu Dian-gui Huang School of Energy and Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai Key Laboratory of Power Energy in Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer

An airfoil series consisting of 8 airfoils are obtained through the optimization design method which aimed to the lift drag *** new airfoil serie is used to construct the blade,the chord length and installation angle of the blade along the blade height are optimized by using orthogonal optimization method,meanwhile,three design options of straight blades,C-type blades and forward swept blade are provided in this *** a axial fan as the research object,the whole 3D numerical simulation was conducted by using *** axial fans with three kinds of blades are respectively discussed and compared under design and off-design *** show that under design conditions,the full pressure efficiency of the axial flow fan with the forward swept blade is the highest,and the C-type blade has slightly lower efficiency and the straight blade has the lowest *** off-design conditions,the aerodynamic performance of the forward-swept balde and C-type blade fans are better than that of the straightblade fans.

关键词： Axial Fan Forward Swept Blade C-type Blade 3D Design

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