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arXiv 2022年

作者： Papanikolaou, Theodoros Tzerefos, Charalampos Basilakos, Spyros Saridakis, Emmanuel N. National Observatory of Athens Lofos Nymfon Athens11852 Greece Department of Physics National & Kapodistrian University of Athens Zografou Campus AthensGR 157 73 Greece Academy of Athens Research Center for Astronomy and Applied Mathematics Soranou Efesiou 4 Athens11527 Greece School of Sciences European University Cyprus Diogenes Street Engomi Nicosia1516 Cyprus CAS Key Laboratory for Researches in Galaxies and Cosmology Department of Astronomy University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230026 China School of Astronomy School of Physical Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China

Primordial black hole (PBH) fluctuations can induce a stochastic gravitational wave background at second order, and since this procedure is sensitive to the underlying gravitational theory it can be used as a novel tool to test general relativity and extract constraints on possible modified gravity deviations. We apply this formalism in the framework of f(T) gravity, considering three viable mono-parametric models. In particular, we investigate the induced modifications at the level of the gravitational-wave source, which is encoded in terms of the power spectrum of the PBH gravitational potential, as well as at the level of their propagation, described in terms of the Green function which quantifies the propagator of the tensor perturbations. We find that, within the observationally allowed range of the f(T) model-parameters, the obtained deviations from general relativity, both at the levels of source and propagation, are practically negligible. Hence, we conclude that realistic and viable f(T) theories can safely pass the primordial black hole constraints, which may offer an additional argument in their favor. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Gravity waves

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PolSAR Image Edge Detection via Structure Tensor Analysis

PolSAR Image Edge Detection via Structure Tensor Analysis

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IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium

作者： Xiangrong Liu Wei Mao Shunsheng Zhang Lei Wu Wen-Qin Wang National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Test Physics and Numerical Mathematics Beijing China Sch. of Info. Comm. Engin. University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China

The weighted structure tensor (ST) can be usually used on edge detection of multi-channel images, including polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (polSAR) images. The traditional weighting method is average weighting, each channel considered to provide the same edge information. But in fact different channels tend to contain different amount of edge information, so the traditional weighting method cannot be adopted to extract full edge information of the multi-channel images. This letter proposes a novel weighting method for ST, in which the weight of each channel is obtained by the eigenvalue-measured way. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the traditional method on edge detection.

关键词： Image edge detection Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions Estimation Optical imaging Hyperspectral imaging Corner detection

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Two-Dimensional Imaging With Stationary Nonuniform Frequency Diverse Array Transmitter

Two-Dimensional Imaging With Stationary Nonuniform Frequency...

引用

IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium

作者： Xiangrong Liu Wei Mao Lei Wu National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Test Physics and Numerical Mathematics Beijing China Sch. of Info. Comm. Engin. University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China

This paper proposes a simple two-dimensional imaging via stationary nonuniform frequency diverse array (FDA) transmitter by exploiting FDA both range and angle dependent transmit beampattern. The nonuniform FDA transmitter only generates range-dependent beampattern, so that two-dimensional (range-angle dimension) imaging of targets can be achieved without the employment of moving radar platform, by jointly utilizing the only range-dependent transmitter beampattern and general single-antenna or phased-array antenna. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulation results.

关键词： Radar imaging Imaging Frequency diversity Radar antennas Transmitters Radar remote sensing

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Scalar induced gravitational waves in modified teleparallel gravity theories

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Tzerefos, Charalampos Papanikolaou, Theodoros Saridakis, Emmanuel N. Basilakos, Spyros National Observatory of Athens Lofos Nymfon Athens11852 Greece Department of Physics National & Kapodistrian University of Athens Zografou Campus GR 157 73 Athens Greece CAS Key Laboratory for Researches in Galaxies and Cosmology Department of Astronomy University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230026 China Departamento de Matemáticas Universidad Católica del Norte Avda. Angamos 0610 Casilla Antofagasta1280 Chile Academy of Athens Research Center for Astronomy and Applied Mathematics Soranou Efesiou 4 Athens11527 Greece School of Sciences European University Cyprus Diogenes Street Engomi Nicosia1516 Cyprus

Primordial black holes (PBHs) forming out of the collapse of enhanced cosmological perturbations provide access to the early Universe through their associated observational signatures. In particular, enhanced cosmological perturbations collapsing to form PBHs are responsible for the generation of a stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) induced by second-order gravitational interactions, usually called scalar induced gravitational waves (SIGWs). This SGWB is sensitive to the underlying gravitational theory;hence it can be used as a novel tool to test the standard paradigm of gravity and constrain possible deviations from general relativity. In this work, we study the aforementioned GW signal within modified teleparallel gravity theories, developing a formalism for the derivation of the GW spectral abundance within any form of gravitational action. At the end, working within viable f(T, φ) models without matter-gravity couplings, and accounting for the effect of mono-parametric f(T) gravity at the level of the source and the propagation of the tensor perturbations, we show that the respective GW signal is indistinguishable from that within GR. Interestingly, we find that in order to break the degeneracy between different f(T) theories through the portal of SIGWs one should necessarily consider non-minimal matter-gravity couplings at the level of the gravitational action. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Gravity waves

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Precise test of lepton flavour universality in -boson decays into muons and electrons in collisions at with the ATLAS detector

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The European Physical Journal C 2024年第10期84卷 1-33页

作者： Aad, G. Aakvaag, E. Abbott, B. Abdelhameed, S. Abeling, K. Abicht, N. J. Abidi, S. H. Aboelela, M. Aboulhorma, A. Abramowicz, H. Abreu, H. Abulaiti, Y. Acharya, B. S. Ackermann, A. Bourdarios, C. Adam Adamczyk, L. Addepalli, S. V. Addison, M. J. Adelman, J. Adiguzel, A. Adye, T. Affolder, A. A. Afik, Y. Agaras, M. N. Agarwala, J. Aggarwal, A. Agheorghiesei, C. Ahmad, A. Ahmadov, F. Ahmed, W. S. Ahuja, S. Ai, X. Aielli, G. Aikot, A. Tamlihat, M. Ait Aitbenchikh, B. Akbiyik, M. Åkesson, T. P. A. Akimov, A. V. Akiyama, D. Akolkar, N. N. Aktas, S. Khoury, K. Al Alberghi, G. L. Albert, J. Albicocco, P. Albouy, G. L. Alderweireldt, S. Alegria, Z. L. Aleksa, M. Aleksandrov, I. N. Alexa, C. Alexopoulos, T. Alfonsi, F. Algren, M. Alhroob, M. Ali, B. Ali, H. M. J. Ali, S. Alibocus, S. W. Aliev, M. Alimonti, G. Alkakhi, W. Allaire, C. Allbrooke, B. M. M. Allen, J. F. Flores, C. A. Allendes Allport, P. P. Aloisio, A. Alonso, F. Alpigiani, C. Alsolami, Z. M. K. Estevez, M. Alvarez Fernandez, A. Alvarez Cardoso, M. Alves Alviggi, M. G. Aly, M. Coutinho, Y. Amaral Ambler, A. Amelung, C. Amerl, M. Ames, C. G. Amidei, D. Amirie, K. J. Santos, S. P. Amor Dos Amos, K. R. An, S. Ananiev, V. Anastopoulos, C. Andeen, T. Anders, J. K. Andrean, S. Y. Andreazza, A. Angelidakis, S. Angerami, A. Anisenkov, A. V. Annovi, A. Antel, C. Antipov, E. Antonelli, M. Anulli, F. Aoki, M. Aoki, T. Aparo, M. A. Bella, L. Aperio Appelt, C. Apyan, A. Val, S. J. Arbiol Arcangeletti, C. Arce, A. T. H. Arena, E. Arguin, J.-F. Argyropoulos, S. Arling, J.-H. Arnaez, O. Arnold, H. Artoni, G. Asada, H. Asai, K. Asai, S. Asbah, N. A. Ashby Pickering, R. A. Assamagan, K. Astalos, R. Astrand, K. S. V. Atashi, S. Atkin, R. J. Atkinson, M. Atmani, H. Atmasiddha, P. A. Augsten, K. Auricchio, S. Auriol, A. D. Austrup, V. A. Avolio, G. Axiotis, K. Azuelos, G. Babal, D. Bachacou, H. Bachas, K. Bachiu, A. Backman, F. Badea, A. Baer, T. M. Bagnaia, P. Bahmani, M. Bahner, D. Bai, K. Baines, J. T. Baines, L. Baker, O. K. Bakos, E. Gupta, D. Bakshi Balakrishnan, V. Balasubr CPPM Aix-Marseille Université CNRS/IN2P3 Marseille France Department for Physics and Technology University of Bergen Bergen Norway Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Oklahoma Norman USA New York University Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates II. Physikalisches Institut Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Göttingen Germany Fakultät Physik Technische Universität Dortmund Dortmund Germany Physics Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton USA Physics Department Southern Methodist University Dallas USA Faculté des sciences Université Mohammed V Rabat Morocco Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel Department of Physics Technion Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel Department of Physics New York University New York USA INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine Sezione di Trieste Udine Italy ICTP Trieste Italy Department of Physics King’s College London London UK Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany LAPP Université Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS/IN2P3 Annecy France AGH University of Krakow Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science Krakow Poland Department of Physics Brandeis University Waltham USA School of Physics and Astronomy University of Manchester Manchester UK Department of Physics Northern Illinois University DeKalb USA Department of Physics Istanbul University Istanbul Türkiye Particle Physics Department Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot UK Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz USA Enrico Fermi Institute University of Chicago Chicago USA Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain INFN Sezione di Pavia Pavia Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Pavia Pavia Italy Institut für Physik Universität Mainz Mainz Germany Department of Physics Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of

The ratio of branching ratios of the W boson to muons and electrons, $$R^{\,\mu /e}_W={{\mathcal {B}}(W\rightarrow \mu \nu )}$$ / $${{\mathcal {B}}(W\rightarrow e\nu )}$$ , has been measured using $$140\,\text{ fb}^{-1}\,$$ of pp collision data at $$\sqrt{s}=13$$ $$\text {T}\text {e}\hspace{-1.00006pt}\text {V}$$ collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC, probing the universality of lepton couplings. The ratio is obtained from measurements of the $$t\bar{t}$$ production cross-section in the ee, $$e\mu $$ and $$\mu \mu $$ dilepton final states. To reduce systematic uncertainties, it is normalised by the square root of the corresponding ratio $$R^{\,\mu \mu /ee}_Z$$ for the Z boson measured in inclusive $$Z\rightarrow ee$$ and $$Z\rightarrow \mu \mu $$ events. By using the precise value of $$R^{\,\mu \mu /ee}_Z$$ determined from $$e^+e^-$$ colliders, the ratio $$R^{\,\mu /e}_W$$ is determined to be $$\begin{aligned} R^{\,\mu /e}_W&= 0.9995\pm 0.0022\,\mathrm {(stat)}\,\pm 0.0036\,\mathrm {(syst)}\\ &\quad \pm 0.0014\,\mathrm {(ext)} . \end{aligned}$$ The three uncertainties correspond to data statistics, experimental systematics and the external measurement of $$R^{\,\mu \mu /ee}_Z$$ , giving a total uncertainty of 0.0045, and confirming the Standard Model assumption of lepton flavour universality in W-boson decays at the 0.5% level.

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Topology Optimization of Complex Network based on NSGA-II

Topology Optimization of Complex Network based on NSGA-II

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IEEE Advanced Information technology, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (IAEAC)

作者： Zhang Bin Gan Zhi-chun Chen wen Hu Qiang-qiang Hou Jian-feng Departments of information and communication National University of Defense Technology China Science and Technology on Test Physics & Numerical Mathematic Laboratory China

This paper proposes a complex network topology optimization method based on NSGA-II with degrees and edges number unchanged. The method selects the elite parent networks by applying non-dominated layer sorting and congestion degree calculation through the network crossover and mutation operation to achieve maximum network efficiency and network invulnerability. Simulation analysis shows that the method can significantly improve the invulnerability and network efficiency of the initial networks at the same time. Optimizing the network efficiency makes the network connection show a negative correlation. The network presents a "multi-core decentralized" structure; optimizing the network invulnerability makes the connection show a positive correlation, the network presents a "close core and scattered periphery" structure; the cooperative optimization makes the network present a "tighter core and large periphery" structure, which is proved with good theoretical generality and practical application value.

关键词： Optimization Sociology Complex networks Correlation Topology

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Search for the Exclusive W Boson Hadronic Decays W±→π±γ, W±→K±γ and W±→ρ±γ with the ATLAS Detector

引用

Physical Review Letters 2024年第16期133卷 161804页

作者： G. Aad B. Abbott K. Abeling N. J. Abicht S. H. Abidi A. Aboulhorma H. Abramowicz H. Abreu Y. Abulaiti B. S. Acharya C. Adam Bourdarios L. Adamczyk S. V. Addepalli M. J. Addison J. Adelman A. Adiguzel T. Adye A. A. Affolder Y. Afik M. N. Agaras J. Agarwala A. Aggarwal C. Agheorghiesei A. Ahmad F. Ahmadov W. S. Ahmed S. Ahuja X. Ai G. Aielli A. Aikot M. Ait Tamlihat B. Aitbenchikh I. Aizenberg M. Akbiyik T. P. A. Åkesson A. V. Akimov D. Akiyama N. N. Akolkar S. Aktas K. Al Khoury G. L. Alberghi J. Albert P. Albicocco G. L. Albouy S. Alderweireldt Z. L. Alegria M. Aleksa I. N. Aleksandrov C. Alexa T. Alexopoulos F. Alfonsi M. Algren M. Alhroob B. Ali H. M. J. Ali S. Ali S. W. Alibocus M. Aliev G. Alimonti W. Alkakhi C. Allaire B. M. M. Allbrooke J. F. Allen C. A. Allendes Flores P. P. Allport A. Aloisio F. Alonso C. Alpigiani M. Alvarez Estevez A. Alvarez Fernandez M. Alves Cardoso M. G. Alviggi M. Aly Y. Amaral Coutinho A. Ambler C. Amelung M. Amerl C. G. Ames D. Amidei S. P. Amor Dos Santos K. R. Amos V. Ananiev C. Anastopoulos T. Andeen J. K. Anders S. Y. Andrean A. Andreazza S. Angelidakis A. Angerami A. V. Anisenkov A. Annovi C. Antel M. T. Anthony E. Antipov M. Antonelli F. Anulli M. Aoki T. Aoki J. A. Aparisi Pozo M. A. Aparo L. Aperio Bella C. Appelt A. Apyan N. Aranzabal S. J. Arbiol Val C. Arcangeletti A. T. H. Arce E. Arena J-F. Arguin S. Argyropoulos J.-H. Arling O. Arnaez H. Arnold G. Artoni H. Asada K. Asai S. Asai N. A. Asbah J. Assahsah K. Assamagan R. Astalos S. Atashi R. J. Atkin M. Atkinson H. Atmani P. A. Atmasiddha K. Augsten S. Auricchio A. D. Auriol V. A. Austrup G. Avolio K. Axiotis G. Azuelos D. Babal H. Bachacou K. Bachas A. Bachiu F. Backman A. Badea T. M. Baer P. Bagnaia M. Bahmani D. Bahner A. J. Bailey V. R. Bailey J. T. Baines L. Baines O. K. Baker E. Bakos D. Bakshi Gupta V. Balakrishnan R. Balasubramanian E. M. Baldin P. Balek E. Ballabene F. Balli L. M. Baltes W. K. Balunas J. Balz E. Banas M. Bandieramonte A. Bandyopadhyay S. Bansal L. Barak M. Barakat E. L. Barberio D. Barberis M. CPPM Aix-Marseille Université CNRS/IN2P3 Marseille France Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma USA II. Physikalisches Institut Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Göttingen Germany Fakultät Physik Technische Universität Dortmund Dortmund Germany Physics Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York USA Faculté des sciences Université Mohammed V Rabat Morocco Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel Department of Physics Technion Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel Department of Physics New York University New York New York USA INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine Sezione di Trieste Udine Italy ICTP Trieste Italy LAPP Université Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS/IN2P3 Annecy France AGH University of Krakow Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science Krakow Poland Department of Physics Brandeis University Waltham Massachusetts USA School of Physics and Astronomy University of Manchester Manchester United Kingdom Department of Physics Northern Illinois University DeKalb Illinois USA Department of Physics Istanbul University Istanbul Türkiye Particle Physics Department Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot United Kingdom Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California USA CERN Geneva Switzerland Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain INFN Sezione di Pavia Pavia Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Pavia Pavia Italy Institut für Physik Universität Mainz Mainz Germany Department of Physics Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi Iasi Romania Affiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN Department of Physics McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada Department of Physics Royal Holloway University of London Egham United Kingdom Department of Modern Physics and

A search for the exclusive hadronic decays W±→π±γ, W±→K±γ, and W±→ρ±γ is performed using up to 140 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions recorded with the ATLAS detector at a center-of-mass energy of s=13 TeV. If observed, these rare processes would provide a unique test bench for the quantum chromodynamics factorization formalism used to calculate cross sections at colliders. Additionally, at future colliders, these decays could offer a new way to measure the W boson mass through fully reconstructed decay products. The search results in the most stringent upper limits to date on the branching fractions B(W±→π±γ)<1.9×10−6, B(W±→K±γ)<1.7×10−6, B(W±→ρ±γ)<5.2×10−6 at 95% confidence level.

关键词： Branching fraction Leptonic, semileptonic & radiative decays Quantum chromodynamics Rare decays W & Z bosons Hadron colliders

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A local character based method for solving linear systems of radiation diffusion problemsI

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2020年

作者： Ye, Shuai An, Hengbin Xu, Xinhai State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing National University of Defense Technology Changsha410073 China Laboratory of Computational Physics Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing100094 China CAEP Software Center for High Performance Numerical Simulation Beijing100088 China Artificial Intelligence Research Center National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology Beijing100071 China

The radiation diffusion problem is a kind of time-dependent nonlinear equations. For solving the radiation diffusion equations, many linear systems are obtained in the nonlinear iterations at each time step. The cost of linear equations dominates the numerical simulation of radiation diffusion applications, such as inertial confinement fusion, etc. Usually, iterative methods are used to solve the linear systems in a real application. Moreover, the solution of the previous nonlinear iteration or the solution of the previous time step is typically used as the initial guess for solving the current linear equations. Because of the strong local character in ICF, with the advancing of nonlinear iteration and time step, the solution of the linear system changes dramatically in some local domain, and changes mildly or even has no change in the rest domain. In this paper, a local character-based method is proposed to solve the linear systems of radiation diffusion problems. The proposed method consists of three steps: Firstly, a local domain (algebraic domain) is constructed;secondly, the subsystem on the local domain is solved;and lastly, the whole system will be solved. Two methods are given to construct the local domain. One is based on the spatial gradient, and the other is based on the residual. numerical tests for a two-dimensional heat conduction model problem, and two real application models, the multi-group radiation diffusion equations and the three temperature energy equations, are conducted. The test results show that the solution time for solving the linear system can be reduced dramatically by using the local character-based method. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Linear systems

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Interannual Salinity Variability in the Tropical Pacific in CMIP5 Simulations

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Advances in Atmospheric sciences 2019年第4期36卷 378-396页

作者： Hai ZHI Rong-Hua ZHANG Pengfei LIN Peng YU College of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Laboratory for Ocean and Climate Dynamics Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266237China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG) Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP)Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China The Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites(CICS) University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20740USA

Salinity variability and its causes in the tropical Pacific are analyzed using observations, reanalysis products and model simulations. The mixed-layer salinity(MLS) budget analyses from observations and reanalysis products indicate that its interannual evolution is closely related to ENSO and is predominantly governed by surface forcing and surface advection in the western-central equatorial Pacific. It is found that the observed MLS tendency leads Nin?o3.4 by about 12 months due to the effect of negative freshwater flux(evaporation minus precipitation). These observation-based analyses are used to evaluate the corresponding simulation using GFDL-ESM2 M. It is evident that the model can simulate the spatiotemporal variations of MLS with some discrepancies compared to observations. In the warm pool of the equatorial Pacific the MLS tendency in the model is sensitive to ocean dynamics, however model biases cause the tendency to be underestimated. In particular, the freshwater flux is overestimated while the ocean surface zonal current and vertical velocity at the base of the mixed layer are underestimated. Due to model biases in representing the related physics, the effects of surface forcing on the simulated MLS budget are overestimated and those of subsurface and surface advection are relatively weak. Due to weaker surface advection and subsurface forcing than observed, the simulated compensations for surface forcing are suppressed, and the simulated MLS tendency that leads Nin?o3.4 by 8–10 months, which is shorter than the observed lead time. These results are useful for the interpretation of observational analyses and other model simulations in the tropical Pacific.

关键词： mixed-layer salinity salt budget interannual variability tropical Pacific model simulation

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CONDITIONAL NONLINEAR OPTIMAL PERTURBATIONS: APPLICATION IN TROPICAL CYCLONE FORECASTS

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2019年第4期25卷 421-436页

作者： TIAN Hong-jun LI Ze-chun WANG Dong-liang WANG Bin Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China Shanghai Central Meteorological Observatory Shanghai 200030 China National Meteorological Centre Beijing 100081 China Shanghai Typhoon Institute CMAShanghai 200030 China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of ScienceBeijing 100029 China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084 China

Considering the feature of tropical cyclones(TCs) that strong positive vorticity exists in the lower layers of troposphere, this study proposed to use vorticity at 850 hPa as cost function to find the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation(CNOP), which was largely different from previous studies using total energy of perturbed forecast variables. The CNOP was obtained by an ensemble-based approach. All of the sensitive areas determined by CNOP with vorticity at 850 hPa as cost function for the three cases were located over the TC core region and its vicinity. The impact of the CNOP-based adaptive observations on TC forecasts was evaluated with three cases via observational system simulation experiments(OSSEs). Results showed obvious improvements in TC intensity or track forecasts due to the CNOP-based adaptive observations, which were related to the main error source of the verification area, i.e.,intensity error or location error.

关键词： conditional nonlinear optimal perturbations tropical cyclone intensity track

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