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Two-decadal shifts in phytoplankton functional taxa (2002–2022) in response to extreme marine heatwaves

Optics Express 2025年第10期33卷 21961-21978页

作者： Ronglong Chen Deyong Sun Shengqiang Wang Yongjun Jia Muhammad Bilal Shuyan Lang Zhenghao Li State Key Laboratory of Climate System Prediction and Risk Management Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China School of Marine Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application Ministry of Natural Resources Beijing 100081 China National Satellite Ocean Application Service Beijing 100081 China Architecture and City Design Department College of Design and Built Environment King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM) Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia Interdisciplinary Research Center for Aviation & Space Exploration (IRC-ASE) King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM) Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia

Phytoplankton play a crucial role in the primary productivity of ocean ecosystems, rendering changes in their populations particularly consequential. The effects of extreme sea surface temperature (SST) on phytoplankton are noteworthy. However, the direct characterization of total biomass by chlorophyll for analysis is inaccurate for phytoplankton functional taxa (PFTs) with different sensitivity to SST. Through the method of Diagnostic pigment analysis (DPA), these organisms can be classified into six primary functional taxa based on their distinctive pigments, which play a vital role in elucidating their ecological functions and dynamics. This study employed optical remote sensing to reconstruct daily concentrations and occupancy of six PFTs in the Eastern China Marginal Sea (ECMS) over the past 20 years. Causal analyses were conducted to identify regions with varying sensitivity to SST changes and further explore the corresponding impacts on phytoplankton concentrations. Results revealed that high-causality areas in the Bohai Sea (BS) and Yellow Sea (YS) were primarily located in nearshore waters. In contrast, high-causality regions in the East China Sea (ECS) were farther offshore, while nearshore areas exhibited lower causality. The high-causality subregions experienced significant fluctuations in phytoplankton concentrations, particularly during marine heatwave (MHW) events, with a prevailing trend of decline in taxon concentrations driven by elevated SST. In comparison, low-causality subregions displayed weaker synchronization with SST changes, as other factors influenced taxa concentrations more prominently. Notably, while phytoplankton concentrations fluctuated significantly during extreme MHW events, they eventually reverted to baseline levels. However, with the increasing frequency and intensity of MHWs due to global warming, the capacity for phytoplankton to recover under such repeated stress remains uncertain. This study emphasizes the necessity of furt

关键词： Absorption coefficient Optical absorption Optical properties Remote sensing Spatial resolution Strain

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Accelerating device characterization in perovskite solar cells via neural network approach

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Applied Energy 2025年 392卷

作者： Zhao, Xinhai Huang, Chaopeng Birgersson, Erik Suprun, Nikita Tan, Hu Quee Zhang, Yurou Jiang, Yuxia Shou, Chunhui Sun, Jingsong Peng, Jun Xue, Hansong Zhejiang Baima Lake Laboratory Co. Ltd. Hangzhou Zhejiang310000 China Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of Singapore 9 Engineering Drive 1 117575 Singapore National University of Singapore 7 Engineering Drive 1 117574 Singapore School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of Technology StockholmSE-100 44 Sweden Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices Soochow University Jiangsu Suzhou215123 China Science Mathematics and Technology Cluster Singapore University of Technology and Design 8 Somapah Road 487372 Singapore

Perovskite solar cells are promising candidates for next-generation high-efficiency photovoltaic devices, especially as top cells in tandem applications. Using a physical-based optoelectronic model, we collect big data of one hundred thousand sample size to train neural network models for efficient prediction of device performance and recombination losses. Latin hypercube sampling, Bayesian regularization, and Bayesian optimization are adopted for data preparation, model training, and optimization of the neural networks, respectively. The best neural network models achieved mean squared errors below 4×10−4 on a reserved testing dataset. The computational speed of the neural network is more than one thousand times faster than traditional optoelectronic models. As a result, fast device calibration can be conducted in twenty-four seconds. The reduced computational cost allows for efficient device characterization, parametric studies, sensitivity analysis, loss analysis, and optimization. After optimizing interface recombination in our in-house fabricated devices, we observed an experimental improvement of approximately 2 % in power conversion efficiency. Additionally, we predict theoretical power conversion efficiencies of 28.9 % and 25.5 % for perovskite solar cells with band gaps of 1.56 eV and 1.63 eV, respectively. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Perovskite

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An improved WENO-Z scheme with symmetry-preserving mapping

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Advances in aerodynamics 2020年第1期2卷 342-372页

作者： Zheng Hong Zhengyin Ye Kun Ye National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aerodynamic Design and Research Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China

Since the classical weighted essentially non-oscillatory(WENO)scheme is proposed,various improved versions have been developed,and a typical one is the WENO-Z *** better resolution is achieved,it is shown in this article that,the result of WENO-Z scheme suffers evident distortion in the long-time simulation of the linear advection *** order to fix the problem of WENO-Z,a symmetrypreserving mapping method is proposed in this *** the original mapping method,the weight of each sub-stencil is used to map,which is demonstrated to cause asymmetric improvement about a *** asymmetric improvement will lead to a distorted solution,more severe with longer output *** the symmetry-preserving mapping method,a new variable related to the smoothness indicator is selected to map,which has the same ideal value for each *** the new mapping method can not only fix the distortion problem of WENO-Z,but also improve the numerical *** benchmark problems are conducted to show the improved performance of the resultant scheme.

关键词： WENO-Z Mapping method Nonlinear weights Hyperbolic conservation laws

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design and veri?cation of airfoil families for large-size wind turbine blades?

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应用数学和力学 2016年第S1期37卷 67-84页

作者： Zhonghua HAN Wenping SONG Yongwei GAO Jing CHEN National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aerodynamic Design and Research School of Aeronautics Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an 710072 China

For the design of wind turbine blades, the use of a family of specially tailored airfoils is particularly important. The dedicated airfoils can dramatically improve the capability of capturing wind power, reduce the structural weight to save the cost of manufacturing and transportation, and lower the inertial loads as well as the loads due to gust. An overview of the world-wide wind turbine airfoil families developed since 1990’s is presented, such as the S series, the DU series, the Ris? series, and the FFA series. The design and wind-tunnel tests of the Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) airfoil family for megawatt-size wind turbines, called the NPU-WA series, are summarized. All tests for the NPU-WA series are carried out in the NF-3 low-speed wind-tunnel with a two-dimensional (2D) test section of 1.6 m?0.8 m and at the Reynolds number ranging from 1.6?106 to 5?106 . The research activities for further improving the NPU-WA airfoils towards lower roughness sensitivity are also reviewed. The development of the new NPU-WA series dedicated for multi-megawatt wind turbines is discussed.

关键词： wind energy wind turbine NPU-WA airfoil family airfoil design wind-tunnel experiment

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A multi-point inverse design approach of natural laminar flow airfoils

A multi-point inverse design approach of natural laminar flo...

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27th Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical sciences 2010, ICAS 2010

作者： Deng, L. Qiao, Z.D. National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aerodynamic Design and Research Northwestern Polytechnical University China

ISBN: (纸本)9781617820496

A multi-point inverse design method of natural laminar flow (NLF) airfoils based on optimization is developed. XFOIL code is used to calculate pressure distributions and transition locations to reduce computational cost. The target pressure distributions need special care to design and N-factor design method is used to design target pressure distribution before recovery region with a substantial amount of natural laminar flow while maintaining aerodynamic constrains. The pressure in recovery region is designed according to the Stratford separation criteria. Optimization method based on Response Surface methodology (RSM) is used to calculate the target airfoil. The set of design points is selected to satisfy D-optimality and the reduced quadratic polynomial RS models without the second-order-cross items are employed to reduce the computational cost. The design cases indicate that RSM can be successfully applied to multi-objective inverse design and the design approach in this study is applicable to a wide range of airfoils. © 2010 by the International Council of Aeronautical sciences - ICAS.

关键词： Airfoils

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Ductilization of 2.6-GPa alloys via short-range ordered interfaces and supranano precipitates

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science (New York, N.Y.) 2025年第6732期387卷 401-406页

作者： Yan, Yong-Qiang Cha, Wen-Hao Liu, Sida Ma, Yan Luan, Jun-Hua Rao, Ziyuan Liu, Chang Shan, Zhi-Wei Lu, Jian Wu, Ge Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano) Hysitron Applied Research Center in China (HARCC) and Center for Alloy Innovation and Design (CAID) State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China Laboratory for Multiscale Mechanics and Medical Science SV LAB School of Aerospace Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China Faculty of Georesources and Materials Engineering RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Department of Materials Science and Engineering Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands Inter-University 3D Atom Probe Tomography Unit Department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China Max Planck Institute for Sustainable Materials Düsseldorf Germany National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Centre for Advanced Structural Materials Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

Higher strength and higher ductility are desirable for structural materials. However, ultrastrong alloys inevitably show decreased strain-hardening capacity, limiting their uniform elongation. We present a supranano (<10 nanometers) and short-range ordering design for grain interiors and grain boundary regions, respectively, in fine-grained alloys based on vanadium, cobalt, and nickel, with additions of tungsten, copper, aluminum, and boron. The pronounced grain boundary-related strengthening and ductilization mechanism is realized through segregation of the short-range ordering near the grain boundary. Furthermore, the supranano ordering with a larger size has an enhanced pinning effect for dislocations and stacking faults, multiplied and accumulated in grain interiors during plastic deformation. These mechanisms promote continuously increased flow stress until fracture of the alloy at 10% strain with 2.6-gigapascal tensile stress.

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Multifidelity aerodynamic/Stealth design Optimization Method for Flying Wing Aircraft 32

Multifidelity Aerodynamic/Stealth Design Optimization Method...

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32nd Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical sciences, ICAS 2021

作者： Liu, Ziqiao Song, Wenping Han, Zhonghua Wang, Yuan Institute of Aerodynamic and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aerodynamic Design and Research School of Aeronautics Northwestern Polytechnical University China

ISBN: (纸本)9783932182914

The design optimization considering both aerodynamic and stealth performances has been an important and challenging area for next-generation aircraft. One of the main difficulties is associated with the prohibitive computational cost of optimization with a large number of design variables. A two-rounds multi-fidelity aerodynamic/stealth design optimization method based on hierarchical Kriging (HK) model is developed in this paper by using the validated RANS solver and computational electromagnetics (CEM) methods based on the multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) and physical optics (PO) algorithm. RANS method with fine grids and MLFMA method are used as high-fidelity CFD/CEM simulation. RANS method with coarse grids and PO method are served as low-fidelity CFD/CEM simulation. A low-fidelity optimization based on Kriging model is carried out to get lots of low-fidelity sample data which are used by HK model. The optimum shape is simulated by high-fidelity CFD/CEM methods to get the data used as high-fidelity sample points of the HK model. At the same time, some new initial high-fidelity sample points are generated by Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) method. The two kinds of high-fidelity sample points and lots of low-fidelity sample points are used to build initial HK model. Then an aerodynamic/stealth coupled design optimization of a flying wing aircraft with 108 design variables is carried out to validate effectiveness of the method. The objective is to reduce total drag of cruise condition and frontal RCS. Results indicate that with the method developed in this paper, the efficiency of aerodynamic/stealth optimization is improved significantly. The number of high-fidelity CFD/CEM simulations is reduced by seven times. Only 39 CFD/CEM simulations are used to get the optimum shape. The drag coefficient of optimized flying wing at a cruise condition is reduced by 3.5% and the average RCS in the frontal observation angle range is reduced by 44.3%, which validates

关键词： Computational fluid dynamics

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Decoherence-protected holonomic gates with reduced requirements for physical resources

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Physical Review Applied 2025年第4期23卷 044016-044016页

作者： Chunfeng Wu Chunfang Sun Jiangang Ma Ding Huang Xun-Li Feng L.C. Kwek Science Mathematics and Technology Singapore University of Technology and Design 8 Somapah Road Singapore 487372 Singapore School of Physics Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China Center for Quantum Sciences Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology Ministry of Education Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China Quantum Innovation Centre (Q.InC) Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR) 2 Fusionopolis Way Innovis #08-03 Singapore 138634 Republic of Singapore Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE) Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR) 2 Fusionopolis Way Innovis #08-03 Singapore 138634 Republic of Singapore Centre for Quantum Technologies National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 2 Singapore 117543 Singapore National Institute of Education Nanyang Technological University 1 Nanyang Walk Singapore 637616 Singapore

We study the implementation of holonomic quantum gates preserved from arbitrary single-qubit and two-qubit decoherence or errors using a dynamical decoupling approach. To integrate the holonomic feature with the dynamical decoupling technique, we require only one auxiliary qubit for single-qubit gates and no auxiliary qubit for two-qubit gates. Our scheme uses far fewer physical qubits to achieve this integration compared to existing proposals in the literature. Moreover, the scheme is based on system interactions that can be experimentally realized with superconducting qubits. These advantages suggest that our scheme is a promising step toward developing noise-resistant quantum devices.

关键词： Qubits

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Surrogate-based optimization method applied to multidisciplinary design optimziation architectures 31

Surrogate-based optimization method applied to multidiscipli...

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31st Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical sciences, ICAS 2018

作者： Xu, Chen-Zhou Han, Zhong-Hua Zhang, Ke-Shi Song, Wen-Ping Aerodynamic and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization Group National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aerodynamic Design and Research Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an710072 China

ISBN: (纸本)9783932182884

During the past three decades, various multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) architectures have been developed, using different ways of dealing with interactions between disciplines, which can be solved by optimization algorithms. In the field of aircraft design optimization, as the complexity of system increases, conventional optimization algorithms applied in MDO architecture exhibit many drawbacks, such as low efficiency, poor robustness or easily getting trapped in a local extra. In this paper, a newly developed surrogate-based optimization (SBO) method is applied to replace traditional optimization algorithms in the MDO architectures so that the efficiency of solving MDO problems can be dramatically improved. To demonstrate its effectiveness, a benchmark MDO test case and Speed Reducer MDO case are employed. It shows that the efficiency of SBO is two-order higher than that of genetic algorithm and the optimization results are better than that obtained by gradient-based algorithm. Besides, SBO is applied to the aerodynamic/structural integrated design of a transport wing in MDF architecture. The weight of the wing is reduced by 30.32% while its aerodynamic performance is retained at a cruise condition. © 31st Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical sciences, ICAS 2018. All rights reserved.

关键词： Efficiency

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Surroopt: A generic surrogate-based optimization code for aerodynamic and multidisciplinary design 30

Surroopt: A generic surrogate-based optimization code for ae...

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30th Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical sciences, ICAS 2016

作者： Han, Zhong-Hua Aerodynamic and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization Group National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aerodynamic Design and Research Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an710072 China

ISBN: (纸本)9783932182853

Surrogate-based optimization (SBO) represents a type of optimization algorithm which makes use of surrogate models to approximate to the expensive objective and constraint functions, driving the adding and evaluation of new sample points towards the optimum. SBO has been shown to be very effective for engineering design problems where expensive numerical analysis such as computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is often employed. Despite the increasing popularity of SBO, it is seldom used as a generic optimization algorithm, due to its insufficient convergence properties, the difficulties associated with the so-called "curse of dimensionality", as well as the incomplete functionalities of being a generic optimization algorithm. During the past decade, a number of researchers have continuously made effort to the development of SBO, towards an efficient global optimization algorithm which can solve arbitrary optimization problems with smooth, continuous design space. This paper reviews the recent progress in development of SBO in our research group, highlighting the development of a generic optimization code, "SurroOpt", and its recent applications to aerodynamic and multidisciplinary design optimizations.

关键词： Computational fluid dynamics

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