Nonlocality plays a fundamental role in quantum information science. Recently, it has been theoretically predicted and experimentally demonstrated that the nonlocality of an entangled pair may be shared among multiple...
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Nonlocality plays a fundamental role in quantum information science. Recently, it has been theoretically predicted and experimentally demonstrated that the nonlocality of an entangled pair may be shared among multiple observers using weak measurements with moderate strength. Here we devise an optimal protocol of nonlocality sharing among three observers and show experimentally that nonlocality sharing may be also achieved using weak measurements with near-maximum strength. Our result sheds light on the interplay between nonlocality and quantum measurements and may find applications in quantum steering, unbounded randomness certification, and quantum communication network.
The emergence of bulk carbon ferromagnetism is long-expected over years. At nanoscale, carbon ferromagnetism was detected in graphene nanoribbon segments1–3, graphene triangulene dimers4,5, and other graphene-like mo...
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The emergence of bulk carbon ferromagnetism is long-expected over years. At nanoscale, carbon ferromagnetism was detected in graphene nanoribbon segments1–3, graphene triangulene dimers4,5, and other graphene-like molecules6–8 by analyzing their magnetic edge states via scanning tunneling microscopy(STM)9, and its origin can be explained by local redistribution of electron wave function3,5,8. Recently, there are experimental efforts on discovering orbital ferromagnetism in twisted bilayer graphene10,11, which is still limited in STM region. In larger scale, carbon ferromagnetism can be created by deliberately producing defects in graphite12–14, and detected by macroscopic technical magnetization. Meanwhile, it becomes crucial to determine that the detected magnetization is originated from carbon rather than from magnetic impurities. One solution to eliminate this uncertainty is X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). A contrast of dichroism at π* absorption energy was observed in the scanning x-ray microscope image of proton-irradiated graphite15. Nonetheless, a reproducible, full section of XMCD spectrum across C-1s absorption energy has not appeared yet, which should be decisive for assuring the indisputable existence of bulk carbon ferromagnetism. Besides, the lack of direct observation on the atomic structure of the ferromagnetic carbon leaves the structural origin of its ferromagnetism still in mist. In this work, for detecting bulk carbon ferromagnetism, we managed to grow all-carbon film consisting of vertically aligned graphene multi-edge (VGME), which wove into a three-dimensional hyperfine-porous network. Magnetization (M-H) curves and XMCD spectra co-confirmed bulk carbon ferromagnetism of VGME at room temperature, with the average unit magnetic momentum of ~0.0006 μB/atom. The influence of magnetic impurities on magnetization was excluded by both absorption spectra and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry measurements. The spin transfer behavio
For the Abner Shimony (AS) inequalities, the simplest unified forms of directions attaining the maximum quantum violation are investigated. Based on these directions, a family of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering...
The stabilization of the formamidinium lead iodide （FAPbⅠ3） structure is pivotal for the development of efficient photovoltaic *** two-dimensional （2D） layers to passivate the threedimensional （3D） perovskite i...
The stabilization of the formamidinium lead iodide （FAPbⅠ3） structure is pivotal for the development of efficient photovoltaic *** two-dimensional （2D） layers to passivate the threedimensional （3D） perovskite is essential for maintaining the a-phase of FAPb Ⅰ3and enhancing the power conversion efficiency （PCE） of perovskite solar cells （PSCs）.However,the role of bulky ligands in the phase management of 2D perovskites,crucial for the stabilization of FAPbⅠ3,has not yet been *** this study,we synthesized nanoscale 2D perovskite capping crusts with
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