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Real-time imaging of accelerated solid-liquid-gas reactions with nanobubbles

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Research Square

Research Square 2020年

作者： Wang, Wen Xu, Tao Chen, Jige Shangguan, Junyi Dong, Hui Ma, Huishu Zhang, Qiubo Bai, Tingting Guo, Zhirui Fang, Haiping Zheng, Haimei Sun, Litao SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center for Micro/Nano Fabrication Device and System Southeast University Nanjing210096 China Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Zhangjiang Laboratory Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai201204 China Department of Physics East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai200237 China Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai201800 China Key Laboratory of Welding Robot and Application Technology of Hunan Province Engineering Research Center of Complex Tracks Processing Technology Equipment of Ministry of Education Xiangtan University Xiangtan411105 China The Second Affiliated Hospital Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease Nanjing Medical University Nanjing210011 China

Solid-liquid-gas reactions are ubiquitous. An understanding of how gases influence the reactions at the nanoscale is significant for achieving the enhanced triple-phase reactions. Here, we report a real-time observation of the accelerated etching of gold nanorods with oxygen nanobubbles in aqueous hydrobromic acid using liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Our observation reveals that when an oxygen nanobubble is close to a nanorod below the critical distance (~1nm), the local etching rate is significantly enhanced with over an order of magnitude faster. Molecular dynamics simulations results show that the strong attractive van der Waals interaction between the gold nanorod and oxygen molecules facilitates the transport of oxygen through the thin liquid layer to the gold surface and thus plays a crucial role in increasing the etching rate. This result sheds light on the rational design of solid-liquid-gas reactions for enhanced activities. © 2020, CC BY.

关键词： Molecular dynamics

Integration of Mixture of Experts and Multimodal Generative AI in Internet of Vehicles: A Survey

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Xu, Minrui Niyato, Dusit Kang, Jiawen Xiong, Zehui Jamalipour, Abbas Fang, Yuguang Kim, Dong In Shen, Xuemin The School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore639798 Singapore The School of Automation Guangdong University of Technology Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and System Integration of IoT Ministry of Education Guangzhou510006 China Guangdong-HongKong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Smart Discrete Manufacturing Guangzhou510006 China The Pillar of Information Systems Technology and Design Singapore University of Technology and Design Singapore487372 Singapore The School of Electrical and Information Engineering University of Sydney SydneyNSW2006 Australia Department of Computer Science City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon16419 Korea Republic of The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada

Generative AI (GAI) can enhance the cognitive, reasoning, and planning capabilities of intelligent modules in the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) by synthesizing augmented datasets, completing sensor data, and making sequential decisions. In addition, the mixture of experts (MoE) can enable the distributed and collaborative execution of AI models without performance degradation between connected vehicles. In this survey, we explore the integration of MoE and GAI to enable Artificial General Intelligence in IoV, which can enable the realization of full autonomy for IoV with minimal human supervision and applicability in a wide range of mobility scenarios, including environment monitoring, traffic management, and autonomous driving. In particular, we present the fundamentals of GAI, MoE, and their interplay applications in IoV. Furthermore, we discuss the potential integration of MoE and GAI in IoV, including distributed perception and monitoring, collaborative decision-making and planning, and generative modeling and simulation. Finally, we present several potential research directions for facilitating the integration. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Integration

Novel magnesium borides and their superconductivity

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Mahdi Davari Esfahani, M. Zhu, Qiang Dong, Huafeng Oganov, Artem R. Wang, Shengnan Rakitin, Maksim S. Zhou, Xiang-Feng Department of Geosciences Center for Materials by Design Institute for Advanced Computational Science State University of New York Stony BrookNY11794-2100 United States Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Skolkovo Innovation Center 3 Nobel St. Moscow143026 Russia Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology 9 Institutskiy Lane Dolgoprudny City Moscow Region141700 Russia International Center for Materials Design Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an710072 China NSLS-II Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNY11973-5000 United States School of Physics and Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics Nankai University Tianjin300071 China

With the motivation of searching for new superconductors in the Mg-B system, we performed ab initio evolutionary searches for all the stable compounds in this binary system in the pressure range of 0-200 GPa. We found previously unknown, yet thermodynamically stable, compositions MgB3 and Mg3B10. Experimentally known MgB2 is stable in the entire pressure range 0-200 GPa, while MgB7 and MgB12 are stable at pressures below 90 GPa and 35 GPa, respectively. We predict a reentrant behavior for MgB4, which becomes unstable against decomposition into MgB2 and MgB7 at 4 GPa and then becomes stable above 61 GPa. We find ubiquity of phases with boron sandwich structures analogous to the AlB2-type structure. However, with the exception of MgB2, all other magnesium borides have low electron-phonon coupling constants λ of 0.32 to 0.39 and are predicted to have Tc below 3 K. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Aluminum compounds

Recent Improvements in the Dart Model for Atmosphere, Topography, Large Landscape, Chlorophyll Fluorescence, Satellite Image Inversion

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Recent Improvements in the Dart Model for Atmosphere, Topogr...

IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS)

作者： J.P. Gastellu-Etchegorry Y. Wang O. Regaieg T. Yin Z. Malenovsky Z. Zhen X. Yang Z. Tao L. Landier A. Al Bitar Deschamps N. Lauret J. Guilleux E. Chavanon B. Cao J. Qi A. Kallel Z. Mitraka N. Chrysoulakis B. Cook D. Morton Université de Toulouse CESBIO - UPS CNES CNRS IRD Toulouse France Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center University of Maryland College Park MD USA School of Technology Environments and Design University of Tasmania Hobart Australia College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology Jilin University Changchun China Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Key Laboratory of Geographical Information Science East China Normal University Shanghai China CNES Toulouse France Beijing Forestry University Beijing China CRNS ATMS Sfax Tunisia Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH) Heraklion Greece NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD USA

ISBN: (数字)9781728163741

ISBN: (纸本)9781728163758

Physical models simulating the radiative budget (RB) and remote sensing (RS) observation of three-dimensional (3D) landscapes are critical to better understand human and natural components of the Earth system and further develop RS technology. DART is one of the most comprehensive 3D models of Earth-atmosphere optical radiative transfer (RT), from ultraviolet (UV) to thermal infrared (TIR). It simulates the optical signal of proximal, aerial and satellite imaging spectrometers and laser scanners, the 3D RB and solar induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) signal, for any urban or natural landscape and any experimental or instrument configuration. It is freely available for research and teaching activities (https://***). Here, five recent advances are presented. 1) Atmosphere RT. 2) RT in non repetitive topography. 3) Monte Carlo modelling for fast RS image simulation of large landscapes. 4) SIF modelling for vegetation simulated as facets and turbid cells. 5) RS image inversion for mapping the optical properties of urban material and the urban radiative budget.

关键词： Atmospheric modeling Three-dimensional displays Terrestrial atmosphere Earth Satellites Computational modeling Surface topography

Incorporating Steering Constraints in AGV Path Planning Through Graph Augmentation

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Incorporating Steering Constraints in AGV Path Planning Thro...

Fully Actuated system Theory and Applications (CFASTA), Conference on

作者： Liming Zhang Zhimin Han Bo Wang Zhiyun Lin Xiangdong Xu School of Automation Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou P. R. China Zhejiang CoTEK Robotics Co. Ltd Hangzhou P. R. China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Control Theory and Intelligent Systems School of System Design and Intelligent Manufacturing Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen P. R. China Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen P. R. China Wenzhou Institute of Industry & Science Wenzhou P. R. China

ISBN: (数字)9798350373691

ISBN: (纸本)9798350373707

In this paper, we introduce an innovative method for the orientation-specific path planning of an Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) with steering constraints, such as unmanned forklifts. Traditional shortest-path algorithms, which solely consider distance or travel time, are unsuitable for tasks where the AGV’s orientation is crucial. To address this, we have created an augmented graph that inherently incorporates the AGV’s steering constraints and orientation. By utilizing this enhanced graph structure, conventional shortest-path algorithms can be employed to ascertain a path that takes the AGV’s orientation into account. This novel method facilitates more adaptable and secure path planning, while preserving the immediacy required for real-time path planning execution.

关键词： Remotely guided vehicles Path planning Real-time systems Task analysis Standards Robots

Time-dependent fatigue reliability estimation and optimal design of scraper chains under corrosive wear effect

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Mechanics Based design of Structures and Machines 2024年第10期52卷

作者： Shuai Li Zhencai Zhu Hao Lu Yujun Xue Gang Shen a School of Mechatronics Engineering Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang Chinab Henan Key Laboratory for Machinery Design and Transmission System Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang Chinac Longmen Laboratory Luoyang China d School of Mechatronic Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Mine Mechanical and Electrical Equipment China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou China

Fatigue damage is one of the main failures of the scraper chain. Moreover, corrosive wear has a detrimental effect on fatigue crack propagation. It is so essential to study the fatigue reliability of the scraper chain considering the interaction of corrosive wear and fatigue. This paper is intended to propose a reliability-based estimation and optimal design of the scraper chain considering the performance degradation of the scraper chain under the interaction of corrosive wear and fatigue. First, the dynamic model of the scraper conveyor is established based on the finite element method. Second, Paris Low is used to empirically describe the occurrence of cracking with corrosion effects. Furthermore, the time-dependent reliability of scraper chains under the interaction of the corrosive wear and fatigue crack propagation is addressed by the fourth-moment saddlepoint approximation (FMSA) method, and the reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) of the scraper chain is then carried out. Finally, the applicability of the proposed method is verified by the SGZ1000/1400 scraper conveyor.

关键词： Fatigue reliability scraper chain saddlepoint approximation reliability based design optimization

Observation of Dimension-Crossover of a Tunable 1D Dirac Fermion in Topological Semimetal NbSixTe2

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Zhang, Jing Lv, Yangyang Feng, Xiaolong Liang, Aiji Xia, Wei Mo, Sung-Kwan Chen, Cheng Xue, Jiamin Yang, Shengyuan A. Yang, Lexian Guo, Yanfeng Chen, Yanbin Chen, Yulin Liu, Zhongkai School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai201210 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures School of Physics Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing210093 China Research Laboratory for Quantum Materials Singapore University of Technology and Design Singapore487372 Singapore ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics Shanghai201210 China Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Physics University of Oxford OxfordOX1 3PU United Kingdom State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China

Condensed matter systems in low dimensions exhibit emergent physics that does not exist in three dimensions. When electrons are confined to one dimension (1D), some significant electronic states appear, such as charge density wave, spin-charge separations and Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) topological state. However, a clear understanding of how the 1D electronic properties connects with topology is currently lacking. Here we systematically investigated the characteristic 1D Dirac fermion electronic structure originated from the metallic NbTe2chains on the surface of the composition-tunable layered compound NbSixTe2(x = 0.40 and 0.43) using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We found the Dirac fermion forms a Dirac nodal line structure protected by the combined Myand time-reversal symmetry T and proves the NbSixTe2system as a topological semimetal, in consistent with the ab-initio calculations. As x decreases, the interaction between adjacent NbTe2chains increases and Dirac fermion goes through a dimension-crossover from 1D to 2D, as evidenced by the variation of its Fermi surface and Fermi velocity across the Brillouin zone in consistence with a Dirac SSH model. Our findings demonstrate a tunable 1D Dirac electron system, which offers a versatile platform for the exploration of intriguing 1D physics and device applications. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Charge density waves

Research on FCS design technology of Electric Tilting Quadrotor UAV

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Research on FCS Design Technology of Electric Tilting Quadro...

IEEE International Conference on Software Quality, Reliability and Security Companion (QRS-C)

作者： Xiaoming Xie Jinfa Xu Suiyuan Shen Wei Cao Guigang Zhang Aircraft Design and Research Institute Harbin Aircraft Industry Group Co. LTD. Harbin China National Key Laboratory of Helicopter Rotor Dynamics Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China Science and Technology Information and Standardization Department Harbin Aircraft Industry Group Co. LTD. Harbin China Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Tilting quadrotor aircraft not only has the advantages of tilting twin-rotor aircraft, such as vertical takeoff and landing, free hovering and long-range transportation, and high-speed cruise, but also can improve the flight performance, carrying capacity and maneuverability of the aircraft. Taking a 100kg electric tilting quadrotor UAV as the target platform, the design technology of flight control system of the UAV was studied, including the reasonable and feasible system configuration, software and hardware development technology, system control law design technology, and the establishment technology of simulation platform of the system. The results show that the technical approach for the design of the flight control system of the electric tilting quadrotor is effective and can satisfy the operation requirements of the UAV.

关键词：

Randomised benchmarking for characterizing and forecasting correlated processes

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Zhang, Xinfang Wu, Zhihao White, Gregory A.L. Xiang, Zhongcheng Hu, Shun Peng, Zhihui Liu, Yong Zheng, Dongning Fu, Xiang Huang, Anqi Poletti, Dario Modi, Kavan Wu, Junjie Deng, Mingtang Guo, Chu Institute for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer Science and Technology National University of Defense Technology Changsha410073 China School of Physics and Astronomy Monash University VIC3800 Australia Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems Freie Universität Berlin Berlin14195 Germany Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education Department of Physics Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications Hunan Normal University Changsha410081 China Science Mathematics and Technology Cluster and Engineering Product Development Pillar Singapore University of Technology and Design 8 Somapah Road 487372 Singapore Centre for Quantum Technologies National University of Singapore 117543 Singapore MajuLab CNRS-UNS-NUS-NTU International Joint Research Unit UMI 3654 Singapore Quantum for NSW Sydney2000 Australia

The development of fault-tolerant quantum processors relies on the ability to control noise. A particularly insidious form of noise is temporally correlated or non-Markovian noise. By combining randomized benchmarking with supervised machine learning algorithms, we develop a method to learn the details of temporally correlated noise. In particular, we can learn the time-independent evolution operator of system plus bath and this leads to (i) the ability to characterize the degree of non-Markovianity of the dynamics and (ii) the ability to predict the dynamics of the system even beyond the times we have used to train our model. We exemplify this by implementing our method on a superconducting quantum processor. Our experimental results show a drastic change between the Markovian and non-Markovian regimes for the learning accuracies. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Benchmarking