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Semi-empirical and semi-quantitative lightweight shielding design method

Nuclear science and Techniques 2023年第3期34卷 109-124页

作者： Song-Chuan Zheng Qing-Quan Pan Huan-Wen Lv Song-Qian Tang Xiao-Jing Liu College of Smart Energy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Nuclear Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory Nuclear Power Institute of ChinaChengdu 610200China

The lightweight shielding design of small reactors is a popular research *** on a small helium-xenon-cooled solid reactor,the effects of neutron and photon shielding sequence and the number of shielding layers on the radiation dose were first *** was found that when photons were shielded first and the number of shielding layers was odd,the radiation dose could be significantly *** reduce the weight of the shielding body,the relative thickness of the shielding layers was optimized using the genetic *** optimized scheme can reduce the radiation dose by up to 57%and reduce the weight by 11.84%.To determine the total thickness of the shielding layers and avoid the local optimal solution of the genetic algorithm,a series of formulas that describes the relationship between the total thickness and the radiation dose was developed through large-scale calculations.A semi-empirical and semi-quantitative lightweight shielding design method is proposed to integrate the above shielding optimization method that verified by the Monte Carlo ***,a code,SDIC1.0,was developed to achieve the optimized lightweight shielding design for small *** was verified that the difference between the SDIC1.0 and the RMC code is approximately 10%and that the computation time is shortened by 6.3 times.

关键词： Small reactor Lightweight Shielding calculation Genetic algorithm

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Generative assimilation and prediction for weather and climate

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Yang, Shangshang Nai, Congyi Liu, Xinyan Li, Weidong Chao, Jie Wang, Jingnan Wang, Leyi Li, Xichen Chen, Xi Lu, Bo Xiao, Ziniu Boers, Niklas Yuan, Huiling Pan, Baoxiang Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China School of Atmospheric Sciences Key Laboratory of Mesoscale Severe Weather Ministry of Education Nanjing University Nanjing China Earth System Modelling School of Engineering and Design Technical University of Munich Munich Germany Complexity Science Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research Potsdam Germany Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing China College of Meteorology and Oceanography National University of Defense Technology Changsha China School of Mathematical Sciences Peking University Beijing China Chongqing Research Institute of Big Data Peking University Chongqing China China Meteorological Administration Key Laboratory for Climate Prediction Studies National Climate Center Beijing China Xiong’an Institute of Meteorological Artificial Intelligence Xiong’an China

Machine learning models have shown great success in predicting weather up to two weeks ahead, outperforming process-based benchmarks [1–4]. However, existing approaches mostly focus on the prediction task, and do not incorporate the necessary data assimilation. Moreover, these models suffer from error accumulation in long roll-outs, limiting their applicability to seasonal predictions [5] or climate projections [6]. Here, we introduce Generative Assimilation and Prediction (GAP), a unified deep generative framework for assimilation and prediction of both weather and climate. By learning to quantify the probabilistic distribution of atmospheric states under observational, predictive, and external forcing constraints, GAP excels in a broad range of weather-climate related tasks, including data assimilation, seamless prediction, and climate simulation. In particular, GAP is competitive with state-of-the-art ensemble assimilation, probabilistic weather forecast and seasonal prediction, yields stable millennial simulations, and reproduces climate variability from daily to decadal time scales. © 2025, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Prediction models

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An LSTM-driven thermoelectric coupling response prediction method for shape memory alloy actuators

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Scientific reports 2025年第1期15卷 17642页

作者： Shaozhe Ding Longbin Liu Shifeng Zhang Mingkun Li College of Aerospace Science and Engineering National University of Defense Technology Changsha 410073 China. Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Aerospace Cross-Domain Flight Vehicle System and Control Technology Changsha 410073 China. College of Aerospace Science and Engineering National University of Defense Technology Changsha 410073 China. longbuaa@***. Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Aerospace Cross-Domain Flight Vehicle System and Control Technology Changsha 410073 China. longbuaa@***.

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) show exceptional potential in actuator design due to their shape memory effect and superelasticity, yet their thermoelectric hysteresis challenges accurate modeling. This study proposes a hybrid framework integrating long short-term memory (LSTM) networks with physical kinematics to predict SMA actuator responses. Unlike conventional approaches, our method decouples material behavior prediction from actuator geometry: A single-layer LSTM network processes voltage-time sequences to predict SMA wire's temperature and resistance dynamics, while a physics-based model computes angular displacement through phase transformation and constitutive equations. Trained on 10 experimental conditions (1-2 °C/s heating rates) and tested on 3 unseen cases (0.8 °C/s), the model achieves a mean absolute error of < 5% in angular displacement prediction, with root mean square errors of 2.5 × 10 for temperature/resistance outputs. The modular architecture eliminates neural network retraining during structural iterations-only ordinary differential equation parameters require adjustment. This approach advances rapid actuator optimization, demonstrating faster computational efficiency compared to full-physics models. Our findings establish a computationally sustainable paradigm for smart material-based actuation systems, extensible to piezoelectric and magnetostrictive materials through constitutive parameter substitution.

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Heat dissipation of carbon shell in ZrC-SiC/TaC coating to improve protective ability against ultrahigh temperature ablation

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2024年第7期13卷 1080-1091页

作者： Yuyu Zhang Xuemeng Zhang Hongkang Ou Bozhe Wang Jia Sun Qiangang Fu Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light-Weight CompositesNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China System Design Institute of Hubei Aerospace Technology Academy Wuhan 430040China

To efficiently decrease ablation heat accumulation and improve the ability of ZrC-SiC/TaC coatings to protect carbon/carbon(C/C)composites,a thermally conductive nanonetwork with a ceramic@carbon core-shell structure was designed and ***-derived SiC/TaC with a graphene carbon shell was synthesized and introduced into a ZrC coating by supersonic atmospheric plasma spraying(SAPS).Graphene shell paths increased the heat transfer capability by lowering the surface temperature to approximately 200℃during oxyacetylene *** heat dissipation of the graphene shell in the ZrC-SiC/TaC@C coating reduced the volatilization of low-melting-point phases and delayed the sintering of ZrO_(2) ***,the graphene shell in ZrC-SiC/TaC@C coating decreased the mass and linear ablation rates by 91.4%and 93.7%compared to ZrC-SiC/TaC coating,*** work provided a constructive idea for improving the ablation resistance of the coatings by incorporating carbon nanomaterials as a function of heat dissipation.

关键词： carbon/carbon(C/C)composites carbon nanomaterials core-shell structure polymer-derived ceramic(PDC) ablation resistance

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Facilitating sensitivity analysis of hydrological models through knowledge-driven configuration and distributed online model services

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Journal of Hydrology 2025年 660卷

作者： Ma, Peilong Chen, Min Zhang, Shuo Zhu, Zhiyi Qian, Zhen Ma, Zaiyang Zhang, Fengyuan Li, Wenwen Yue, Songshan Wen, Yongning Nanjing Normal University Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Earth System Modelling School of Engineering and Design Technical University of Munich Bavaria Munich80333 Germany Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research Brandenburg Postdam14473 Germany School of Geographical Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Jiangsu Nanjing210044 China

Hydrological models (HMs) are essential for understanding the complexities of the water cycle and runoff dynamics. Sensitivity analysis (SA), an essential component of HMs, plays a key role in identifying the parameters that have the greatest impact on model outcomes. It helps to simplify the complexity of hydrological systems and provides a comprehensive understanding of the underlying physical processes. However, the complexity of HMs and the diversity of SA methods pose significant challenges for researchers, making the SA configuration process intricate and requiring substantial computational resources. To address these challenges, we propose a comprehensive strategy that integrates knowledge-driven configuration services with distributed online model services. First, we establish a rule-based knowledge repository and a case-based knowledge repository. These repositories provide general configuration guidance and similar SA case recommendations, respectively, to support decision-making in critical SA steps. This ensures that the configuration of SA is accurate and reliable. Secondly, we encapsulate HMs as web services and leverage distributed computing resources to optimize execution efficiency. Then, we integrate the HM services with the SA modules to achieve a complete SA experiment. Based on this strategy, we finally developed a prototype system that offers a user-friendly tool for conducting SA with enhanced computational performance and streamlined workflow. The watershed-scale HM, SWAT, was used to test the effectiveness of the prototype system. The results demonstrate that this strategy enables more comprehensive analysis and improves decision-making through configuration guidance, and holds promise for enhancing the reliability and efficiency of SA in hydrological modeling. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Platform as a Service (PaaS)

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Electrolytic Failure Modeling of Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor by Finite Element Method 2

Electrolytic Failure Modeling of Aluminum Electrolytic Capac...

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2nd IEEE International Power Electronics and Application Symposium, PEAS 2023

作者： Chen, Xinrui Yao, Ran Li, Hui Lai, Wei Min, Yuan Yang, Cheng Duan, Zeyu Chen, Siyu Chongqing University State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology Chongqing China Nuclear Power Institute of China Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory Chengdu China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350313765

The failure rate of aluminum electrolytic capacitor (AEC) is high in power electronic systems. Due to the complex structure of AEC, it is difficult to establish an actual model, so experiments are the common way to analyze the failure of AEC. Thus, this paper proposes a finite element method (FEM) for AEC considering electrolytic failure. Firstly, the mechanism of electrolytic failure and changes of characteristic parameters in the AEC are elucidated. Secondly, an equivalent finite element model is established to simulate and analyze the electrolytic failure of AEC. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed AEC FEM method is verified through capacitor aging experiments. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： aluminum electrolytic capacitor (AEC) electrolytic failure finite element method (FEM)

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Simulation Method for Multiscale Failure of Optocoupler Based on Aging of Solder Layer in Photovoltaic MOSFET 2

Simulation Method for Multiscale Failure of Optocoupler Base...

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2nd IEEE International Power Electronics and Application Symposium, PEAS 2023

作者： Chen, Xuan Yao, Ran Li, Hui Lai, Wei Min, Yuan Yang, Cheng Duan, Zeyu Chen, Siyu Xing, Zhen Chongqing University State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology Chongqing China Nuclear Power Institute of China Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory Chengdu China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350313765

This paper presents a simulation method for investigating the failure of optocoupler equipment (OCEP) in multi-physical fields. The method is based on the aging of the solder layer of the photosensitive field-effect tube (PFET) and aims to analyze the performance degradation of the PFET. Firstly, a comprehensive multi-physical field model of the OCEP is developed using the actual structure of the CT test OCEP, taking into account the conductivity of the chip. Next, an OCEP failure simulation method is proposed, which takes into account the shedding of the PFET solder layer caused by the failure mechanism of the OCEP. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate that the degree of solder layer shedding reaches 70%, resulting in the failure of the OCEP. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： multi-physics modeling optocoupler solder layer failure

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Path-Dependent Progressive Failure Analysis for 3D-Printed Continuous Carbon Fibre Reinforced Composites

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2024年第4期37卷 84-93页

作者： Yuan Chen Lin Ye School of System Design and Intelligent Manufacturing(SDIM) Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing for Continuous Carbon Fibre Reinforced Composites Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China

In order to predict the damage behaviours of 3D-printed continuous carbon fibre(CCF)reinforced composites,when additional short carbon fibre(SCF)composite components are employed for continuous printing or special functionality,a novel path-dependent progressive failure(PDPF)numerical approach is ***,a progressive failure model using Hashin failure criteria with continuum damage mechanics to account for the damage initiation and evaluation of 3D-printed CCF reinforced polyamide(PA)composites is developed,based on actual fibre placement trajectories with physical measurements of 3D-printed CCF/PA ***,an elastic-plastic model is employed to predict the plastic damage behaviours of SCF/PA ***,the accuracy of the PDPF model was validated so as to study 3D-printed CCF/PA composites with either negative Poisson's ratio or high *** results demonstrate that the proposed PDPF model can achieve higher prediction accuracies in mechanical properties of these 3D-printed CCF/PA *** analyses show that the stress distribution is generally aggregated in the CCF areas along the fibre placement paths,and the shear damage and matrix tensile/compressive damage are the key damage *** study provides a new approach with valuable information for characterising complex 3D-printed continuous fibre-matrix composites with variable mechanical properties and multiple constituents.

关键词： 3D printing Continuous carbon fibre Modelling Energy absorption Negative Poisson's ratio

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Bioinspired hierarchical helical nanocomposite macrofibers based on bacterial cellulose nanofibers

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national science Review 2020年第1期7卷 73-83页

作者： Huai-Ling Gao Ran Zhao Chen Cui Yin-Bo Zhu Si-Ming Chen Zhao Pan Yu-Feng Meng Shao-Meng Wen Chuang Liu Heng-An Wu Shu-Hong Yu Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Hefei Science Center of CAS Department of Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials Department of Modern Mechanics CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics University of Science and Technology of China

Bio-sourced nanocellulosic materials are promising candidates for spinning high-performance sustainable macrofibers for advanced applications. Various strategies have been pursued to gain nanocellulose-based macrofibers with improved strength. However, nearly all of them have been achieved at the expense of their elongation and toughness. Inspired by the widely existed hierarchical helical and nanocomposite structural features in biosynthesized fibers exhibiting exceptional combinations of strength and toughness, we report a design strategy to make nanocellulose-based macrofibers with similar characteristics. By combining a facile wet-spinning process with a subsequent multiple wet-twisting procedure, we successfully obtain biomimetic hierarchical helical nanocomposite macrofibers based on bacterial cellulose nanofibers, realizing impressive improvement in their tensile strength, elongation and toughness simultaneously. The achievement certifies the validity of the bioinspired hierarchical helical and nanocomposite structural design proposed here. This bioinspired design strategy provides a potential platform for further optimizing or creating many more strong and tough nanocomposite fiber materials for diverse applications.

关键词： bioinspired nanocomposite hierarchical helical macrofibers strength and toughness bacterial cellulose

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Computational method for crack-opening-area of nuclear pressure pipe with circumferential through-wall crack

Computational method for crack-opening-area of nuclear press...

引用

18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering, ICONE18

作者： Jun, Liu Bo, Yan Naibin, Jiang Department of Engineering Mechanics Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Nuclear Power Institute of China Chengdu Sichuan China

ISBN: (纸本)9780791849330

The determination of crack-opening-area (COA) is very important in the application of LBB technique. A numerical method based on coupled finite element-meshless Galerkin method (FEM/EFG) is proposed to calculate the crack-opening-area of cracked pipes in nuclear power station. By means of the method by which the meshless nodes are used in the vicinity of crack front and the finite elements are applied in remained zone, the resolved domain is numerically discreted. This technique can speed up the set up of the numerical model and improve the computational precise. Based on the displacement field determined by the coupled FEM/EFG, a kind of surface integral method is used to accurately calculate the crack-opening-area. The correctness and validity of the presented method are demonstrated by comparing the COA results of centre-cracked panel under uniform load determined by the presented method with those from theoretic formula. Subsequently the numerical method for cracked panel is employed to calculate the crack-opening-area of nuclear pressure pipe. The numerical COA results are compared with those determined by engineering methods. It is shown that for thick-wall or middle-thick-wall pipes, the COA results obtained by the presented method are more conservative than those by the engineering methods, whereas for thin-wall pipes, the results by the later one are more conservative than those by the former. © 2010 by ASME.

关键词： Numerical methods

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