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Estimates, trends, and drivers of the global burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM_2·5 air pollution, 1990–2019: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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The Lancet Planetary Health 2022年第7期6卷 e586-e600页

作者： Burkart, Katrin Causey, Kate Cohen, Aaron J Wozniak, Sarah S Salvi, Devashri Digvijay Abbafati, Cristiana Adekanmbi, Victor Adsuar, Jose C Ahmadi, Keivan Alahdab, Fares Al-Aly, Ziyad Alipour, Vahid Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Amegah, Adeladza Kofi Andrei, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Ansari, Fereshteh Arabloo, Jalal Aremu, Olatunde Aripov, Timur Babaee, Ebrahim Banach, MacIej Barnett, Anthony Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Bedi, Neeraj Behzadifar, Masoud Béjot, Yannick Bennett, Derrick A Bensenor, Isabela M Bernstein, Robert S Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bijani, Ali Biondi, Antonio Bohlouli, Somayeh Breitner, Susanne Brenner, Hermann Butt, Zahid A Cámera, Luis Alberto Cantu-Brito, Carlos Carvalho, Felix Cerin, Ester Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chauhan, Bal Govind Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine Chu, Dinh-Toi Dai, Xiaochen Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Daryani, Ahmad Davletov, Kairat De Courten, Barbora Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda Dhimal, Meghnath Diaz, Daniel Djalalinia, Shirin Duncan, Bruce B El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa Eskandarieh, Sharareh Fareed, Mohammad Farzadfar, Farshad Fattahi, Nazir Fazlzadeh, Mehdi Fernandes, Eduarda Filip, Irina Fischer, Florian Foigt, Nataliya A Freitas, Marisa Ghashghaee, Ahmad Gill, Paramjit Singh Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed Gopalani, Sameer Vali Guo, Yuming Gupta, Rajat Das Habtewold, Tesfa Dejenie Hamadeh, Randah R Hamidi, Samer Hankey, Graeme J Hasanpoor, Edris Hassen, Hamid Yimam Hay, Simon I Heibati, Behzad Hole, Michael K Hossain, Naznin Househ, Mowafa Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi Jaafari, Jalil Jakovljevic, Mihajlo Jha, Ravi Prakash Jonas, Jost B Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy Kasaeian, Amir Kaydi, Neda Khader, Yousef Saleh Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif Khan, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Junaid Khan, Md Nuruzzaman Khatab, Khaled Khater, Amir M Kim, Yun Jin Kimokoti, Ruth W Kisa, Adnan Kivimäki, Mika Knibbs, Luke D Kosen, Soewarta Koul, Parvaiz A Koyanagi, Ai Defo, Barthelemy Kuate Kugbey, Nuworza Lauriola, Paolo Lee, Paul H Leili, Mostafa Lewycka, Sonia Li, Shanshan Lim, Lee-Ling Li Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery University of Washington Seattle WA United States Research Insights and Innovation Seattle WA United States Health Effects Institute Boston MA United States School of Public Health Boston University Boston MA United States Department of Juridical and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Department of Population Medicine Cardiff University Cardiff United Kingdom Sport Science Department University of Extremadura Badajoz Spain School of Public Health Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department of Primary Care and Public Health Imperial College London London United Kingdom Mayo Evidence-based Practice Center Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research Rochester MN United States John T. Milliken Department of Internal Medicine Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO United States Clinical Epidemiology Center US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) St Louis MO United States Health Management and Economics Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Health Economics Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Community and Family Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Group in Hospital Management and Health Policies Universidad de la Costa (University of the Coast) Barranquilla Colombia Research Group in Health Economics University of Cartagena Cartagena Colombia Department of Biomedical Science University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana Cardiology Department Ca

Background: Experimental and epidemiological studies indicate an association between exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution and increased risk of type 2 diabetes. In view of the high and increasing prevalence of diabetes, we aimed to quantify the burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM_2·5 originating from ambient and household air pollution. Methods: We systematically compiled all relevant cohort and case-control studies assessing the effect of exposure to household and ambient fine particulate matter (PM_2·5) air pollution on type 2 diabetes incidence and mortality. We derived an exposure–response curve from the extracted relative risk estimates using the MR-BRT (meta-regression—Bayesian, regularised, trimmed) tool. The estimated curve was linked to ambient and household PM_2·5 exposures from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019, and estimates of the attributable burden (population attributable fractions and rates per 100 000 population of deaths and disability-adjusted life-years) for 204 countries from 1990 to 2019 were calculated. We also assessed the role of changes in exposure, population size, age, and type 2 diabetes incidence in the observed trend in PM_2·5-attributable type 2 diabetes burden. All estimates are presented with 95% uncertainty intervals. Findings: In 2019, approximately a fifth of the global burden of type 2 diabetes was attributable to PM_2·5 exposure, with an estimated 3·78 (95% uncertainty interval 2·68–4·83) deaths per 100 000 population and 167 (117–223) disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) per 100 000 population. Approximately 13·4% (9·49–17·5) of deaths and 13·6% (9·73–17·9) of DALYs due to type 2 diabetes were contributed by ambient PM2·5, and 6·50% (4·22–9·53) of deaths and 5·92% (3·81–8·64) of DALYs by household air pollution. High burdens, in terms of numbers as well as rates, were estimated in Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and South Am

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Erratum: 'The JCMT BISTRO Survey: Magnetic Fields Associated with a Network of Filaments in NGC 1333' (2020, ApJ, 899, 28)

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The Astrophysical Journal 2021年第1期911卷

作者： Yasuo Doi Tetsuo Hasegawa Ray S. Furuya Simon Coudé Charles L. H. Hull Doris Arzoumanian Pierre Bastien Michael Chun-Yuan Chen James Di Francesco Rachel Friesen Martin Houde Shu-ichiro Inutsuka Steve Mairs Masafumi Matsumura Takashi Onaka Sarah Sadavoy Yoshito Shimajiri Mehrnoosh Tahani Kohji Tomisaka Chakali Eswaraiah Patrick M. Koch Kate Pattle Chang Won Lee Motohide Tamura David Berry Tao-Chung Ching Jihye Hwang Woojin Kwon Archana Soam Jia-Wei Wang Shih-Ping Lai Keping Qiu Derek Ward-Thompson Do-Young Byun Huei-Ru Vivien Chen Wen Ping Chen Zhiwei Chen Jungyeon Cho Minho Choi Yunhee Choi Antonio Chrysostomou Eun Jung Chung Pham Ngoc Diep Hao-Yuan Duan Lapo Fanciullo Jason Fiege Erica Franzmann Per Friberg Gary Fuller Tim Gledhill Sarah F. Graves Jane S. Greaves Matt J. Griffin Qilao Gu Ilseung Han Jennifer Hatchell Saeko S. Hayashi Thiem Hoang Tsuyoshi Inoue Kazunari Iwasaki Il-Gyo Jeong Doug Johnstone Yoshihiro Kanamori Ji-hyun Kang Miju Kang Sung-ju Kang Akimasa Kataoka Koji S. Kawabata Francisca Kemper Gwanjeong Kim Jongsoo Kim Kee-Tae Kim Kyoung Hee Kim Mi-Ryang Kim Shinyoung Kim Jason M. Kirk Masato I. N. Kobayashi Vera Konyves Takayoshi Kusune Jungmi Kwon Kevin Lacaille Chi-Yan Law Chin-Fei Lee Hyeseung Lee Jeong-Eun Lee Sang-Sung Lee Yong-Hee Lee Dalei Li Di Li Hua-bai Li Hong-Li Liu Junhao Liu Sheng-Yuan Liu Tie Liu Ilse de Looze A-Ran Lyo Brenda C. Matthews Gerald H. Moriarty-Schieven Tetsuya Nagata Fumitaka Nakamura Hiroyuki Nakanishi Nagayoshi Ohashi Geumsook Park Harriet Parsons Nicolas Peretto Tae-Soo Pyo Lei Qian Ramprasad Rao Mark G. Rawlings Brendan Retter John Richer Andrew Rigby Hiro Saito Giorgio Savini Anna M. M. Scaife Masumichi Seta Hiroko Shinnaga Ya-Wen Tang Yusuke Tsukamoto Serena Viti Hongchi Wang Anthony P. Whitworth Hsi-Wei Yen Hyunju Yoo Jinghua Yuan Hyeong-Sik Yun Tetsuya Zenko Chuan-Peng Zhang Guoyin Zhang Yapeng Zhang Jianjun Zhou Lei Zhu Philippe André C. Darren Dowell Stewart P. S. Eyres Sam Falle Sven van Loo Jean-François Robitaille Department of Earth Science and Astronomy Graduate School of Arts and Sciences The University of Tokyo 3-8-1 Komaba Meguro Tokyo 153-8902 Japan doi@ea.c.u-tokyo.ac.jp National Astronomical Observatory of Japan National Institutes of Natural Sciences Osawa Mitaka Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Institute of Liberal Arts and Sciences Tokushima University Minami Jousanajima-machi 1-1 Tokushima 770-8502 Japan SOFIA Science Center Universities Space Research Association NASA Ames Research Center M.S. N232-12 Moffett Field CA 94035 USA Centre de Recherche en Astrophysique du Québec (CRAQ) Université de Montréal Département de Physique C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-ville Montréal QC H3C 3J7 Canada National Astronomical Observatory of Japan NAOJ Chile Alonso de Córdova 3788 Office 61B 7630422 Vitacura Santiago Chile Joint ALMA Observatory Alonso de Córdova 3107 Vitacura Santiago Chile Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço Universidade do Porto CAUP Rua das Estrelas PT4150-762 Porto Portugal Department of Physics Graduate School of Science Nagoya University Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8602 Japan Institut de Recherche sur les Exoplanètes (iREx) Université de Montréal Département de Physique C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-ville Montréal QC H3C 3J7 Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Victoria Victoria BC V8P 1A1 Canada Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Centre National Research Council of Canada 5071 West Saanich Rd. Victoria BC V9E 2E7 Canada National Radio Astronomy Observatory 520 Edgemont Rd. Charlottesville VA 22903 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy The University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond Street London ON N6A 3K7 Canada East Asian Observatory 660 N. A'ohōkū Place University Park Hilo HI 96720 USA Faculty of Education Kagawa University Saiwai-cho 1-1 Takamatsu Kagawa 760-8522 Japan Department of Astronomy Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan Depar

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Sum-Mse performance gain of DFT-based channel estimator over frequency-domain ls one in full-duplex OFDM systems with colored interference

arXiv

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Wang, Jin Shu, Feng Lu, Jinhui Yu, Hai Chen, Riqing Li, Jun Jayakody, Dushantha Nalin K. School of Electronic and Optical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology 210094 China College of Computer and Information Sciences Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou350002 China China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment Qingdao266107 China National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University Department of Control System Optimization Institute of Cybernetics Russia

In this paper, we make an investigation on the summean-square-error (sum-MSE) performance gain achieved by DFT-based least-square (LS) channel estimator over frequencydomain LS one in full-duplex OFDM system in the presence of colored interference and noise. The closed-form expression of the sum-MSE performance gain is given. Its simple upper and lower bounds are derived by using inequalities of matrix eigen-values. By simulation and analysis, the upper lower bound is shown to be close to the exact value of MSE gain as the ratio of the number N of total subcarriers to the cyclic prefix length L grows and the correlation factor of colored interference increases. More importantly, we also find that the MSE gain varies from one to N/L as the correlation among colored interferences decreases gradually. According to theoretical analysis, we also find the MSE gain has very simple forms in two extreme scenarios. In the first extreme case that the colored interferences over all subchannels are fully correlated, i.e., their covariance matrix is a matrix of allones, the sum-MSE gain reduces to 1. In other words, there is no performance gain. In the second extreme case that the coloredinterference covariance matrix is an identity matrix, i.e, they are mutually independent, the achievable sum-MSE performance gain is N/L. A large ratio N/L will achieve a significant sum-MSE gain. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Covariance matrix

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Optical Camouflage Effect Objective Evaluation Method Research Under The Condition of Complex Backgrounds

Optical Camouflage Effect Objective Evaluation Method Resear...

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2016应用物理、光电子学和光学国际研讨会（APOP 2016）

作者： Jianfei Qin Liyong Qu Liyan Zhu Jianghua Hu Shuwei Song National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment Effects and Electro-optical Engineering PLA University of Science and Technology

ISBN: (纸本)9781510825994

According to the problem that the intelligence is not high of the soccer robot,using the mechanical theory as a guide,making some mechanical analyses and calculations on the pressure and transmutation states of chip kick mechanics,and conducting optimal design too,then making the structure of chip kick mechanics more and more *** show that the new soccer robot controller features a quick response and high servo rigidity,and provide a kind of method for improving and perfecting the soccer robot control system,at the same time,filling the needs of producing

关键词： image Optical Camouflage Effect Objective Evaluation Method Research Under The Condition of Complex Backgrounds

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Urine Metabolites of Phthalate Esters in 434 Shanghai Children and Their Associations with Ventilation Habits

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Procedia engineering 2017年 205卷 1146-1151页

作者： Chenxi Liao Wei Liu Jialing Zhang Wenming Shi Xueying Wang Jiao Cai Zhijun Zou Rongchun Lu Chanjuan Sun Heng Wang Chen Huang Zhuohui Zhao School of Environment and Architecture University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 China Department of Building Science Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Department of Environmental Health School of Public Health Fudan University Shanghai 200032 China School of Civil and Architectural Engineering Yangtze Normal University Chongqing 408000 China Zhoushan Center for Disease Control and Prevention Zhoushan Zhejiang 316000 China Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People’s Republic of China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health Shanghai 200030 China

Phthalate have been reported to be associated with various adverse health effects in many countries or regions. In this paper, we assessed the urine levels of phthalate metabolites (PMs) in children and investigated their associations with various ventilation habits. During March 2013 to December 2014, we conducted an on-site inspection in 454 residences of 5-10 year-old children in Shanghai, China. The first morning urine samples of these children were took by cryogenic vials. We collected information with respect to ventilation habits by questionnaire. We analyzed ten PMs [Mono-methyl phthalate (MMP), Mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP), Mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP), Mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP), Mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP), Mono-cyclohexyl phthalate (MCHP), Mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), Mono-2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate (MECPP), Mono-2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl phthalate (MEHHP), Mono-2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl (MEOHP)] by High performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Mann-Whitney U test was applied to compare concentrations of urinary PMs among children with different ventilation habits. A total of 434 children had valid urine samples. The detection rates of PMs were >90% except for MBzP (51.2%) and MCHP (9.9%). The overall mean concentrations (standard deviation) of these metabolites were as follows: MnBP, 126.4 (205.9) μg/L; MiBP, 83.1 (119.2) μg/L; MECPP, 61.6 (111.1) μg/L; MEHHP, 42.9 (92.6) μg/L; MEP, 25.3 (51.5) μg/L; MEOHP, 23.9 (45.1) μg/L; MMP, 16.8 (21.5) μg/L; MEHP, 7.6 (19.0) μg/L; MBzP, 1.2 (4.3) μg/L; MCHP, 0.1 (0.2) μg/L. In general, averaged concentrations of PMs among children who opened the windows or doors were higher than among those who closed. Our results indicate that individual differences in PMs are obvious among Shanghai children. Natural ventilation without any mechanical ventilation or air purification is likely increase phthalate exposure in children. To reduce indoor phthalate concentrations, we suggested usi

关键词： Urine Phthalate metabolites Ventilation Children Shanghai

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Growth inhibition and oxidative damage of Microcystis aeruginosa induced by crude extract of Sagittaria trifolia tubers

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Journal of environmental sciences 2016年第5期28卷 40-47页

作者： Jiang Li Yunguo Liu Pingyang Zhang Guangming Zeng Xiaoxi Cai Shaobo Liu Yicheng Yin Xinjiang Hu Xi Hu Xiaofei Tan College of Environmental Science and Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 China. Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University) Ministry of Education Changsha 410082 China School of Architecture and Art Central South University Changsha 410082 China School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South University Changsha 410083 China College of Environmental Science and Engineering Research Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha 410004 China Hunan East Dongting Lake National Nature Reserve Administration Yueyang 414000 China

Aquatic macrophytes are considered to be promising in controlling harmful cyanobacterial blooms. In this research, an aqueous extract of Sagittaria trifolia tubers was prepared to study its inhibitory effect on Microcystis aeruginosa in the laboratory. Several physiological indices of M. aeruginosa, in response to the environmental stress, were analyzed. Results showed that S. trifolia tuber aqueous extract significantly inhibited the growth of M. aeruginosa in a concentration-dependent way. The highest inhibition rate reached 90% after 6 day treatment. The Chlorophyll-a concentration of M. aeruginosa cells decreased from 343.1 to314.2 μg/L in the treatment group. The activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase and the content of reduced glutathione in M. aeruginosa cells initially increased as a response to the oxidative stress posed by S. trifolia tuber aqueous extract, but then decreased as time prolonged. The lipid peroxidation damage of the cyanobacterial cell membranes was reflected by the malondialdehyde level, which was notably higher in the treatment group compared with the controls. It was concluded that the oxidative damage of M. aeruginosa induced by *** tuber aqueous extract might be one of the mechanisms for the inhibitory effects.

关键词： Microcystis aeruginosa Sagittaria trifolia Cyanobacterial inhibition Oxidative damage Antioxidant response

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Comprehensive Analysis of the Optical and Radiative Properties of Aerosols during a Severe Haze Episode over the North China Plain in December 2016

Comprehensive Analysis of the Optical and Radiative Properti...

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第十三届全国气溶胶会议

作者： Yu ZHENG Huizheng CHE Leiku YANG Jing CHEN Yaqiang WANG Xiangao Xia Hujia ZHAO Hong WANG Deying WANG Ke GUI Linchang AN Tianze SUN Jie YU Xiang KUANG Zengyuan GUO Tianliang ZHAO Xiaoye ZHANG Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters/Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological AdministrationNanjing University of Information Science&Technology State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather(LASW)and Institute of Atmospheric Composition Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesCMA School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering Henan Polytechnic University Shijiazhuang Meteorological Bureau Laboratory for Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation(LAGEO) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences National Meteorological Center CMA Institute of Meteorological Science of Jilin Province Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Department of Earth System Scienceand Joint Center for Global Change Studies(JCGCS)Tsinghua University

We used information from a number of sources—including ground-based and satellite data, meteorological observations and atmospheric environmental monitoring data—in an attempt to understand the optical and radiative properties of aerosols during a severe haze episode over Beijing, Shijiazhuang and Jiaozuo in the North China Plain from 15 to 22 December *** aerosol optical depth at 500 nm was <0.30 and increased to >1.4 as the haze pollution *** ?ngstr?m exponent was >0.80 for most of the study *** daily single-scattering albedo was >0.85 over all of the North China Plain on the most polluted days and was >0.97 on some *** volumes of fine and coarse mode particles during the haze event were .05–0.21 μm3 and .01–0.43 μm3, respectively—that is, larger than on the days without *** daily absorption aerosol optical depth was .01–0.11 at Beijing, .01–0.13 at Shijiazhuang and .01–0.04 at Jiaozuo and the average absorption ?ngstr?m exponent varied between 0.6 and *** aerosol radiative forcing at the bottom of the atmosphere varied from-23 to-227,-34 to-199 and-29 to-191 W m-2 for the whole haze period, while the aerosol radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere varied from-4 to-98,-10 to-51 and-21 to-143 W m-2 at Beijing, Shijiazhuang and Jiaozuo, *** observations showed that the smoke, polluted dust and polluted continental components of aerosols may aggravate air pollution during haze *** potential source contribution function and concentration-weighted trajectory analysis showed that the contribution from local emissions and pollutants transported from upstream areas were 90–450 and 100–410 μg m-3, respectively.

关键词： haze episodes aerosols optical properties radiative forcing North China Plain

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reliability simulation method on a flange-sealing structure

Reliability simulation method on a flange-sealing structure

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Prognostics and System Health Management Conference (PHM)

作者： Shouqing Huang Lu Lu Shouwen Liu Xiaokai Huang Fang Hu Long Ma Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment & Reliability Test Technology for Aerospace Mechanical & Electrical Products Beijing Institute of Spacecraft Environment Engineering Beijing China Institute of Communication Engineering PLA University of Science and Technology Nanjing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781509027798

The paper demonstrates an analysis example of a flange-sealing structure. Taking the O-ring width and bolt pre-tightening force as tolerance-parameters, obtaining the stress response surface according to the loop analysis results by ANSYS, then extracting the stress results of randomized parameters from the stress response surface, plotting the stress response distribution and calculating the reliability of the flange-sealing structure in the end. The results show the stress of the O-ring increases as the pre-tightening force rises and decreases as the O-ring width rises. Also, the stress is more sensitive to the pre-tightening force than the O-ring width. When the given lower limit value is 45MPa, the reliability of the flange-sealing structure is calculated as 99.9%.

关键词： Stress Structural rings Force Response surface methodology Finite element analysis reliability engineering

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Author Correction: The FLUXNET2015 dataset and the ONEFlux processing pipeline for eddy covariance data

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Scientific data 2021年第1期8卷 72页

作者： Gilberto Pastorello Carlo Trotta Eleonora Canfora Housen Chu Danielle Christianson You-Wei Cheah Cristina Poindexter Jiquan Chen Abdelrahman Elbashandy Marty Humphrey Peter Isaac Diego Polidori Markus Reichstein Alessio Ribeca Catharine van Ingen Nicolas Vuichard Leiming Zhang Brian Amiro Christof Ammann M Altaf Arain Jonas Ardö Timothy Arkebauer Stefan K Arndt Nicola Arriga Marc Aubinet Mika Aurela Dennis Baldocchi Alan Barr Eric Beamesderfer Luca Belelli Marchesini Onil Bergeron Jason Beringer Christian Bernhofer Daniel Berveiller Dave Billesbach Thomas Andrew Black Peter D Blanken Gil Bohrer Julia Boike Paul V Bolstad Damien Bonal Jean-Marc Bonnefond David R Bowling Rosvel Bracho Jason Brodeur Christian Brümmer Nina Buchmann Benoit Burban Sean P Burns Pauline Buysse Peter Cale Mauro Cavagna Pierre Cellier Shiping Chen Isaac Chini Torben R Christensen James Cleverly Alessio Collalti Claudia Consalvo Bruce D Cook David Cook Carole Coursolle Edoardo Cremonese Peter S Curtis Ettore D'Andrea Humberto da Rocha Xiaoqin Dai Kenneth J Davis Bruno De Cinti Agnes de Grandcourt Anne De Ligne Raimundo C De Oliveira Nicolas Delpierre Ankur R Desai Carlos Marcelo Di Bella Paul di Tommasi Han Dolman Francisco Domingo Gang Dong Sabina Dore Pierpaolo Duce Eric Dufrêne Allison Dunn Jiří Dušek Derek Eamus Uwe Eichelmann Hatim Abdalla M ElKhidir Werner Eugster Cacilia M Ewenz Brent Ewers Daniela Famulari Silvano Fares Iris Feigenwinter Andrew Feitz Rasmus Fensholt Gianluca Filippa Marc Fischer John Frank Marta Galvagno Mana Gharun Damiano Gianelle Bert Gielen Beniamino Gioli Anatoly Gitelson Ignacio Goded Mathias Goeckede Allen H Goldstein Christopher M Gough Michael L Goulden Alexander Graf Anne Griebel Carsten Gruening Thomas Grünwald Albin Hammerle Shijie Han Xingguo Han Birger Ulf Hansen Chad Hanson Juha Hatakka Yongtao He Markus Hehn Bernard Heinesch Nina Hinko-Najera Lukas Hörtnagl Lindsay Hutley Andreas Ibrom Hiroki Ikawa Marcin Jackowicz-Korczynski Dalibor Janouš Wilma Jans Rachhpal Jassal Shicheng Jiang Tomomichi Kato Myr Computational Research Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA. gzpastorello@lbl.gov. DIBAF University of Tuscia Viterbo 01100 Italy. Euro-Mediterranean Centre on Climate Change Foundation (CMCC) Lecce 73100 Italy. Climate & Ecosystem Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA. Computational Research Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA. Department of Civil Engineering California State University Sacramento CA 95819 USA. Department of Geography Environment and Spatial Sciences Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48823 USA. Department of Computer Science University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22904 USA. TERN Ecosystem Processes Menzies Creek VIC3159 Australia. Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry Jena 07701 Germany. Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE) CEA CNRS UVSQ UPSACLAY Gif sur Yvette 91190 France. Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China. Department of Soil Science University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB R3T2N2 Canada. Department of Agroecology and Environment Agroscope Research Institute Zürich 8046 Switzerland. School of Geography and Earth Sciences McMaster University L8S4K1 Hamilton ON Canada. Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science Lund University Lund 22362 Sweden. Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE 68583 USA. School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences The University of Melbourne Richmond VIC3121 Australia. Department of Biology Research Group PLECO University of Antwerp Antwerp 2610 Belgium. Joint Research Centre European Commission Ispra 21027 Italy. TERRA Teaching and Research Center University of Liege Gembloux B-5030 Belgium. Finnish Meteorological Institute Helsinki 00560 Finland. ES

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Secure precise wireless transmission with random-subcarrier-selection-based directional modulation transmit antenna array

arXiv

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Shu, Feng Wu, Xiaomin Hu, Jinsong Chen, Riqing Wang, Jiangzhou School of Electronic and Optical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology 210094 China College of Computer and Information Sciences Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou350002 China National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation Qingdao266107 China School of Engineering and Digital Arts University of Kent Canterbury KentCT2 7NT United Kingdom

In this paper, a practical wireless transmission scheme is proposed to transmit confidential messages to the desired user securely and precisely by the joint use of multiple techniques including artificial noise (AN) projection, phase alignment (PA)/beamforming, and random subcarrier selection (RSCS) based on OFDM, and directional modulation (DM), namely RSCS-OFDM-DM. This RSCS-OFDM-DM scheme provides an extremely low-complexity structures for the transmitter and desired receiver and makes the secure and precise wireless transmission realizable in practice. For illegal eavesdroppers, the receive power of confidential messages is so weak that their receivers cannot intercept these confidential messages successfully once it is corrupted by AN. In such a scheme, the design of phase alignment/beamforming vector and AN projection matrix depend intimately on the desired direction angle and distance. It is particularly noted that the use of RSCS leads to a significant outcome that the receive power of confidential messages mainly concentrates on the small neighboring region around the desired receiver and only small fraction of its power leaks out to the remaining large broad regions. This concept is called secure precise transmission. The probability density function of real-time receive signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) is derived. Also, the average SINR and its tight upper bound are attained. The approximate closed-form expression for average secrecy rate is derived by analyzing the first-null positions of SINR and clarifying the wiretap region. From simulation and analysis, it follows that the proposed scheme actually can achieve a secure and precise wireless transmission of confidential messages in line-of-propagation channel, and the derived theoretical formula of average secrecy rate is verified to coincide with the exact one well for medium and large scale transmit antenna array or in the low and medium SNR regions. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All ri

关键词： Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing

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