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Numerical study of the separation performance of granular sludge and activated sludge in gravity-driven cyclonic field

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Journal of Water Process engineering 2025年 74卷

作者： Huang, Fei Zhang, Yuantao Tian, Jinyi State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China

The cultivation of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) in a continuous flow process requires an external granular sludge and flocculent activated sludge separator to return the faster settling granular sludge. Experimental studies have confirmed that hydrocyclones are an effective solution for this purpose. This study employed CFD numerical simulations to investigate the operational performance of hydrocyclones at different installation angles. Furthermore, it explored the principles of gravity-driven hydrocyclone-enhanced separation of granular sludge and activated sludge, as well as the hydrocyclone-promoted granulation. The split ratio and separation efficiency are generally proportional to the installation angle, with the optimal angle range identified as −15°~15°. Activated sludge shows a better flow separability with low velocity fluctuations, whereas granular sludge shows more pronounced velocity variations. The results indicate that the inclined gravity-driven hydrocyclone exhibit only a limited difference in separation performance between granular sludge and activated sludge. Therefore, the potential reason for the hydrocyclone-promoted granulation may not be the traditionally considered separative effect, but rather the particle motion induced by the hydraulic shear flow field. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Activated sludge Granular sludge Hydrocyclone Numerical simulation Separation performance

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Spatially asymmetric catalyst design with electron-rich Cu sites to facilitate full-spectrum photo-Fenton-like catalysis

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Chem Catalysis 2025年

作者： Zhang, Wei Wang, Lan Wang, Fu Xing, Mingyang Wang, Chuanyi Zhao, Jincai School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710021 China Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Multimedia Environmental Catalysis and Resource Utilization East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China Key Laboratory of Photochemistry Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China

Heterogeneous photo-Fenton catalysis stands out as a promising advanced oxidation technology but is subject to slow reaction kinetics because the electron supply is insufficient to sustain the Fenton reaction. Here, we demonstrate an asymmetric-catalyst-based copper silicate nanotube (CSN) Janus design that simultaneously enables favorable full-spectrum solar absorption, H₂O₂ adsorption, and catalytic activity. The coordination asymmetry induces oxygen-vacancy-associated, electron-rich Cu(I) sites and an intrinsic electric field oriented from the Si-O to the Cu-O sublayer, synergistically driving the photoexcited electrons to compensate for the electron-donating capability of Cu sites, leading to remarkably enhanced H₂O₂ activation. The strong electron delocalization of Cu(I) sites reinforces the H₂O₂ adsorption on its adjacent bridging H sites. The energy barrier for H₂O₂ dissociation is vastly reduced (0.912 → 0.264 eV), boosting H₂O₂ utilization (54%, almost two times higher than that of conventional catalysts). The CSN-catalyzed photo-Fenton-like reaction attains long-lasting ·OH production, which affords exceptional performance for various types of organic pollutant elimination. © 2025 Elsevier Inc.

关键词： electron-rich Cu sites environmental remediation full-spectrum absorption photo-Fenton-like SDG6: Clean water and sanitation

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Integrated widely targeted metabolomics and flavoromics reveal processing-driven dynamic changes in functional metabolites of Eucommia ulmoides leaf tea

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Food Chemistry: X 2025年 27卷 102434页

作者： Lin, Yiyun Ouyang, Hui Li, Ruobing Shao, Yunzhe Tian, Xiangrong Zhang, Yongkang National & Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization Technology of Eucommia Ulmoides College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jishou University Jishou416000 China Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Analyse and Drugs Development of Ethnomedicine in Wuling Mountains Jishou University Jishou416000 China School of Pharmaceutical Science Jishou University Jishou416000 China Key Labotatory of Hunan Forest and Chemical Industry Engineering Jishou University Jishou416000 China College of Biology and Environmental Science Jishou University Jishou416000 China

This study employed a widely targeted metabolomics approach combined with flavoromics evaluation to systematically analyze dynamic metabolic variations under four processing techniques: fresh EUL (XY), traditionally dried EUL (HG), green tea processed EUL (GT), and black tea processed EUL (BT). A total of 1839 non-volatile metabolites and 289 volatile metabolites were identified. key affected metabolites included amino acids (e.g., essential amino acids upregulated 90 % in HG), lipids (oxidized fatty acids elevated in BT), phenolic acids (23 % increase in GT), flavonoids (120+ downregulated in BT), nucleotides, and terpenoids. Each processing method demonstrates unique advantages: HG preserves amino acids, GT enhances catechin content, and BT optimizes secondary metabolites. This study provides the first comprehensive metabolic map of EUL processing, offering a scientific foundation for standardizing product quality and developing functional applications. © 2025 The Author(s)

关键词： Metabolites

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The role of molecular weight on chitosan and chitosan oligosaccharides in sleep regulation: Integrating network pharmacology and multi-omics analysis in Drosophila

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International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 2025年 308卷 142147页

作者： Liang, Yuxuan Jiang, Kaiyu Liu, Zhengqi Tu, Juncai Gong, Wei Hu, Yuanyuan Li, Jinjin Hardiman, Gary Guo, Xiaoming Zhu, Beiwei Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Food Processing and Safety Control College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering and Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound School of Biomedical Engineering Shenzhen University Medical School Shenzhen518060 China State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian116034 China National Engineering Research Center of Seafood Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing School of Food Science and Technology Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian116034 China The Institute for Global Food Security School of Biological Sciences Queen's University Belfast BelfastBT7 1NN United Kingdom

This study aims to investigate the sleep-regulating effects of chitosan (COS) with different molecular weights (1 kDa, 3 kDa and 30 kDa). Network pharmacology predicted the sleep-regulating effects of COS and COS oligosaccharides and identified sleep-related targets. Drosophila sleep analysis demonstrated that COS ameliorated caffeine-induced insomnia, and its efficacy was critically influenced by molecular weight. Specifically, COS30K exhibited superior effects compared to COS1K and COS3K in improving the nighttime sleep time, duration of sleep episode and number of sleep episodes in flies. These differential effects were primarily related to acetate-producing bacteria Acetobacter and polysaccharide-degrading bacteria (Bacteroides and Ruminococcus). Their influence on tryptophan metabolism (serotonin and kynurenine) may contribute to the molecular weight-dependent differences in sleep-regulating effects of COS. Integration of network pharmacology and transcriptomic analyses identified five crucial targets (Insc, Aox1, bgm, Acer and hll). This study provides a strategy for predicting novel biological activity of COS and COS oligosaccharides. © 2025

关键词： Chitosan

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SIL-IoVTs: A Bi-Level Optimization Approach for Pest Control and Intruder Monitoring in Smart Agriculture

SIL-IoVTs: A Bi-Level Optimization Approach for Pest Control...

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26th International Conference on Industrial technology, ICIT 2025

作者： Zhang, Yuhao Si, Pengju Shu, Lei School of Information Engineering Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang471023 China National Key Laboratory of Air-based Information Perception and Fusion Luoyang471009 China College of Artificial Intelligence Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing210031 China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Green Agricultural Production and Intelligent Equipment Maoming525000 China School of Engineering University of Lincoln LincolnLN67TS United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9798331521950

Solar Insecticidal Lamps Internet of Things (SIL-IoTs), used for green agriculture, face theft and destruction due to high costs. To address this, we introduce SILC nodes by embedding cameras in SIL nodes, forming SIL-IoVTs for pest control and intruder monitoring. SIL-IoVTs involve omni-directional (SIL) and directional (camera) sensing models for area and target coverage. We formulate an optimal deployment model and develop a bi-level algorithm to solve it, iteratively deploying SIL nodes for pest control and cameras for monitoring. Simulation results show the method's effectiveness and progressiveness. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Insect control

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On-line characterization of squalane aerosols using thermal desorption/tunable vacuum ultraviolet time-of-flight photoionization aerosol mass spectrometry

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Talanta 2025年 293卷 128044页

作者： Hu, Changjin Huang, Mingqiang Li, Biao Wei, Nana Hu, Renzhi Mikuška, Pavel Večeřa, Zbyněk Gai, Yanbo Lin, Xiaoxiao Gu, Xuejun Zhao, Weixiong Zhang, Weijun Zhang, Hang Chen, Jun Liu, Fuyi Shan, Xiaobin Sheng, Liusi Liu, Xiaoyan Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics HFIPS Chinese Academy of Sciences Anhui Hefei230031 China Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Environment Minnan Normal University Zhangzhou363000 China Ningxia Key Laboratory of Green Catalytic Materials and Technology College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ningxia Normal University Guyuan756099 China Key Laboratory of Environment Optics and Technology Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics HFIPS Chinese Academy of Sciences Anhui Hefei230031 China Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Veveři 97 BrnoCZ-60200 Czech Republic School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230026 China National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230029 China School of Pharmacy Anhui Medical University Anhui Hefei230026 China

Organic aerosols (OA) contribute remarkably to total mass of fine aerosols in the lower troposphere, exerting effects on air pollution, global climate and human health. Therefore, analysis of chemical composition of OA in real-time is vital to understanding the formation and reaction mechanisms of organic aerosols. In this work, vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photoionization mass spectra of squalane aerosol, a good proxy for long chain hydrocarbons often detected in ambient OA, has been performed with a home-made thermal desorption/tunable VUV photoionization aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer based on synchrotron radiation (SR). The dependence of photoionization mass spectra of squalane aerosols upon the vaporization temperature and ionization energy were investigated in detail. The ionization energy (IE) of parent molecule (IEsq = 9.43 eV) and the corresponding appearance energies (AEs) of fragments ions were determined. It is shown that the choice of the appropriate vaporization temperature is helpful for analysis of mass spectra of OA, and the measurement of the photoionization efficiency (PIE) curve is crucial to identifying the molecular chemical components of the fragment ions. The dissociative photoionization of squalane aerosol was further studied theoretically with ab initio calculations at M062X level. The qualitative agreement between experimental and theoretical results on dissociative photoionization channels demonstrated that the mechanism of dissociative photoionization of squalane aerosol can be studied by controlling the vaporization temperature, which is important for chemical composition analysis of OA in atmosphere. The findings in this work indicate the potential application of soft ionization aerosol mass spectrometry based on SR for characterization of atmospheric aerosols, especially OA. © 2025

关键词： Thermal desorption

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Fabrication of biodegradable mulch film based on polylactic acid waste liquid

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Chemical engineering Journal 2025年 513卷

作者： Wang, Dongfang Song, Zerong Kong, Xianghai Wu, Jie Xu, Jinjing Ye, Jinghong Zhu, Yanping Zhang, Rongjun Ma, Xiaoli Li, Gang Xu, Shifang Cai, Dongqing College of Environmental Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai201620 China Weifang Shangchang Ecological Agriculture Technology Co. Ltd. Weifang China Shandong Jin Yimeng Ecological Fertilizer Co. Ltd. Linyi276720 China Songjiang Agricultural Technology and Popularization Center of Shanghai Shanghai201103 China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai200092 China National Circular Economy Engineering Laboratory Shanghai201620 China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials College of Environmental Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai201620 China

The generation of polyethylene mulch film (PEMF) has promoted the rapid development of agriculture, while the non-degradability of it has caused the serious damage for the ecological environment. Currently, the biodegradable mulch film is considered as the most promising green substitutes for petroleum-based PEMF, owing to its environmental friendliness and biodegradability. Hence, this study fabricated a biodegradable mulch film (PSGA) through the crosslink (the esterification/amidation reactions and hydrogen bonds) between polylactic acid waste liquid (PLAWL) and sodium alginate (SA)/gum arabic (GA). Then attapulgite (ATP) was added to improve the mechanical properties. Therein, PLAWL was a kind of waste liquid from the fabrication process of polylactic acid (PLA) based on straw. At the same time, PSGA had similar insulation and water retention performance to PEMF and great UV resistance, thermal stability, and hydrophilicity surface. Additionally, pot experiment showed that PSGA could significantly promote the growth of Chinese white cabbage and the degradability ratio of that could reach 50% in a month. The total amounts of Rhizobiaceae (Ensifer and Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium, fixing free nitrogen gas and providing nitrogen nutrients for plants) in soil with PSGA was 12%, which was obviously higher than that in blank (4.5%). Therefore, this study provides a high-value recycling route for industrial waste liquid, offering an alternative solution to PEMF. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Nitrogen fixation

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High-performance photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO by defective g-C3N4/CeO2 under sacrificial agent-free conditions

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Journal of Rare Earths 2025年

作者： Cai, Jun Wang, Hua Li, Hui Li, Kongzhai State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming650093 China National Joint Engineering Research Center of Energy Saving and Environmental Protection Technology in Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering Industry Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming650093 China Engineering Research Center of Metallurgical Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction Ministry of Education Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming650093 China Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming650093 China No. 52 Institute of China North Industries Group Yantai Branch Co. Ltd. Yantai264000 China

Solar energy can be used to convert CO2 into valuable chemical compounds. However, the low activity of photocatalysts has hindered their development. By using defective g-C3N4/CeO2 heterojunctions, CO2 was successfully photo-reduced with high performance under ambient water vapor conditions without adding additives. g-C3N4 in this system has a significant impact on CO2 conversion efficiency, with 5 wt% g-C3N4/CeO2 exhibiting competitive performance, achieving 45.66 μmol/g CO in 6 h with nearly 100% selectivity. Photoactivity is attributed to the formation of g-C3N4/CeO2 heterojunctions, which provide excellent electron transport and electron–hole separation. Additionally, light enhances the CO2 adsorption capacity of the catalyst, thereby improving reaction properties. The photogenerated electrons generated under light excitation can quickly gather at the surface and defective parts of the sample, facilitating effective CO2 adsorption and promoting the formation of ∗COOH, thus promoting the photoreduction process of CO2. Cycle tests also demonstrate long-term stability. Highly efficient charge separation and reduced free energy of CO2 reduction both promote CO2 conversion performance. This work can provide an important idea for designing CeO2-based CO2 photocatalysts. © 2024 Chinese Society of Rare Earths

关键词： Rare earths

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Utilizing Ca3(PO4)2 and calcium superphosphate fertilizer for the passage of heavy metals in coal gangue: Mechanical insights and efficiency evaluation

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environmental engineering Research 2025年第4期30卷

作者： Zhang, Hualin Bai, Wenlong Tian, Shaojing Zhao, Mengfei Yang, Youming Jiang, Xiaoliang Li, Tinggang School of Metallurgical engineering Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Ganzhou341099 China Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production of Rare Earths Jiangxi Institute of Rare Earths Ganjiang Innovation Academy Chinese Academy of Sciences Ganzhou341003 China CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Process Pollution Control Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Inner Mongolia Dongyuan Environmental Protection Technology Co. Ltd Ordos014300 China State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China

Coal gangue is a typical industrial waste, which will bring environmental challenges and resource depletion when piled up in large quantities, and heavy metal pollution is a prominent problem. In this study, Ca3(PO4)2 and calcium superphosphate fertilizer (CSF) were utilized to passivate coal gangue at different pollution levels, and its passivation mechanism was discussed. The results show that both Ca3(PO4)2 and CSF can effectively passivate coal gangue and effectively reduce moderate or high levels of coal gangue pollution to a slight or clean level. The passivation effect of CSF is slightly better than that of Ca3(PO4)2. Through characterization of coal gangue before and after passivation and simulation with Visual MINTEQ and PHREEQC software, it is found that Ca3(PO4)2 can provide PO3 2−, while CSF releases HPO3 –, which is ionized to generate more PO3 2−, and finally forms insoluble or slightly soluble phosphate with heavy metals. Leaching experiments show that the treated samples contain obviously more stable heavy metal components, and the leaching risk is lower than that of untreated coal gangue. In summary, this method proves its effectiveness in fixing heavy metals in coal gangue and provides an effective method for the harmless treatment of coal gangue. © 2025, Korean Society of environmental Engineers. All rights reserved.

关键词： Coal tailings

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Regulating Water Molecules via Bioinspired Covalent Organic Framework Membranes for Zn Metal Anodes

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Angewandte Chemie - International Edition 2025年第14期64卷 e202424184页

作者： Zhang, Sida Chen, Jiashu Chen, Weigen Su, Yiwen Gou, Qianzhi Yuan, Ruduan Wang, Ziyi Wang, Kaixin Zhang, Wentao Hu, Xiqian Zhang, Zhixian Wang, Pinyi Wan, Fu Liu, Jie Li, Beibei Wang, Yifei Zheng, Guangping Li, Meng Sun, Jingyu State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology School of Electrical Engineering National Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Chongqing University Chongqing400044 China Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovation Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province Soochow University Suzhou215006 China Department of Mechanical Engineering Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon999077 Hong Kong MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory School of Energy and Power Engineering National Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Chongqing University Chongqing400044 China School of Building Services Science and Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Xi'an710055 China School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Chongqing University of Technology Chongqing400054 China Hunan University Changsha410082 China College of Environmental Science and Engineering National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology Beijing University of Technology Beijing100124 China

The Zn metal anode in aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) faces daunting challenges including undesired water-induced parasitic reactions and sluggish ion migration kinetics. Herein, we develop three-dimensional covalent organic framework (COF) membranes with bioinspired ion channels toward stabilized Zn anodes. These COFs, featured by zincophilic pyridine-N sites, enable effective regulation of water molecules at the anode-electrolyte interphase. Systematic experimental analysis and theoretical simulations reveal the optimized COF-320N membrane functions as ion pumps, accordingly facilitating Zn2+ transport and inhibiting direct contact between Zn anode and free water molecules. Consequently, the bio-inspired strategy achieves improved Zn2+ transference number (0.61), rapid de-solvation kinetics, and suppressed hydrogen evolution. The assembled Zn||MnO2 pouch cell integrated with COF-320N membrane exhibits favorable electrochemical performances. Such a bioinspired concept for optimizing Zn anodes opens new pathways in developing advanced energy storage devices. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Manganese oxide

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